A novel carbamide peroxide polymeric nanoparticle bleaching gel: Color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration inside the pulp cavity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Favoreto ◽  
Mariniella P. Madureira ◽  
Viviane Hass ◽  
Bianca M. Maran ◽  
Sibelli O. Parreiras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Pulp Cavity ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticle

scholarly journals Enamel Surface Changes After Exposure to Bleaching Gels Containing Carbamide Peroxide or Hydrogen Peroxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. E39-E47 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cvikl ◽  
A Lussi ◽  
A Moritz ◽  
S Flury
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Bleaching Gels ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

SUMMARY Objective This study evaluated the differences in enamel color change, surface hardness, elastic modulus, and surface roughness between treatments with four bleaching gels containing carbamide peroxide (two at 10% and one each at 35%, and 45%) and two bleaching gels containing hydrogen peroxide (two at 40%). Methods Enamel specimens were bleached and color changes were measured. Color change was calculated using either ΔE or the Bleaching Index (BI). Then, surface hardness, elastic modulus, and surface roughness of the enamel specimens were evaluated. All measurements were performed at baseline and directly after the first bleaching treatment for all carbamide peroxide– and hydrogen peroxide–containing bleaching gels. In addition, final measurements were made 24 hours after each of a total of 10 bleaching treatments for carbamide peroxide bleaching gels, and 1 week after each of a total of three bleaching treatments for hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels. Results After the last bleaching treatment, respective ΔE scores were 17.6 and 8.2 for the two 10% carbamide peroxide gels, 12.9 and 5.6 for the 45% and 35% carbamide peroxide gels, and 9.6 and 13.9 for the two 40% hydrogen peroxide gels. The respective BI scores were −2.0 and −2.0 for the two 10% carbamide peroxide gels, −3.5 and −1.5 for the 45% and 35% carbamide peroxide gels, and −2.0 and −3.0 for the two 40% hydrogen peroxide gels. Each bleaching gel treatment resulted in significant whitening; however, no significant difference was found among the gels after the last bleaching. Whitening occurred within the first bleaching treatments and did not increase significantly during the remaining treatments. Surface hardness significantly decreased after the last bleaching treatment, when 10% carbamide peroxide was used. Furthermore, significant changes in the elastic modulus or surface roughness occurred only after treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide. Conclusion All six bleaching gels effectively bleached the enamel specimens independent of their concentration of peroxide. Gels with low peroxide concentration and longer contact time negatively affected the enamel surface.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Bleaching Methods on Optical Behaviors of CAD/CAM Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Saeed Nikanjam ◽  
Samaneh Abbasi ◽  
Sara Khazaei
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Final Color

Background: The present study aimed to survey the influence of two different bleaching techniques on changes of color, translucency, and whiteness of the four CAD/CAM materials. Methods: The monolithic blocks of Vita Suprinity, Vita Enamic, IPS e.max CAD, and Katana Zirconia were sectioned to discs with thickness of 2 mm (n=30 / each group). Samples from each type of ceramic were assigned to three subgroups: 1) the 40% hydrogen peroxide for 20 minutes; 2) the 16% carbamide peroxide for three hours/day for 2 weeks; and 3) the control. Then CIELab coordinates of each sample were evaluated before and after the intervention by a spectrophotometer. Final color change (ΔE), Whiteness (ΔWI D), and Translucency Parameter (ΔTP) were calculated. Two-way ANOVA test was adopted to analyze the data (α=0.05). Results: Type of ceramic, bleaching subgroups, and interaction between them had a statistically significant influence on mean values of ΔE, ΔWID. The influence of bleaching subgroup on the mean value of ΔTP was also significant (P<0.001). Conclusions: Carbamide peroxide 16% for three hours/day and for two weeks caused the most considerable changes in final color, whiteness, and translucency of the all tested CAD/CAM materials. Maximum color change and whiteness were detected in the Vita Enamic, which were clinically unacceptable.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Sensitivity of Home vs Combined Whitening

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
PFL Dawson ◽  
MO Sharif ◽  
AB Smith ◽  
PA Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Change In Mean

SUMMARY This randomized clinical study assessed efficacy in terms of color change and production of sensitivity after home whitening alone and home whitening supplemented with in-office bleaching. Thirty-six subjects (aged 19 to 58 years) were randomly assigned to one of three different treatment groups: (A) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays; (B) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 9% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays); or (C) home whitening for two weeks, with 16% carbamide peroxide in custom-made trays supplemented with in-office bleaching with 27% hydrogen peroxide (in the same trays). The efficacy of tooth whitening was assessed by determining the color change associated with the six upper anterior teeth using a value-ordered shade guide. Sensitivity was self-assessed with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Tooth shade and sensitivity were assessed at the following points: pretreatment; immediately after the home whitening phase; immediately after the in-office phase (groups B and C); and one week post active treatment. At the one week follow-up visit, subjects in group A had a mean (SD) color change of 5.9 (1.83) (teeth were lighter) immediately after cessation of treatment (p&lt;0.01). Subjects in groups B and C experienced a greater change in mean (SD) shade immediately following their respective in-office treatments of 5.1 (1.53) and 5.4 (1.55). However, within one week, the shade of these teeth regressed to a similar degree to that achieved by subjects treated in group A. Overall, no significant difference in shade change or sensitivity was produced between the three groups. Investigators concluded that the in-office element of combined whitening produced no significant difference in tooth color or sensitivity when compared with home whitening alone.

scholarly journals CLINICAL OBSERVATION OF DISCOLORING TREATMENT OF NON-VITAL TEETH BY BLEACHING

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
O.A. Pysarenko ◽  
Yu.I. Silenko ◽  
M.V. Khrebor
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Tooth Crown ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Whitening Agent ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Success Of Treatment ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

A dental cosmetic is actual for everyone. Whitening of teeth can be the method of lab treatmen. Whitening facilities which are used with this goal often contain peroxide, hydrogen, carbamide peroxide, and combinations of peroxides hydrogen with sodium perborate. The treatment of 3 patients with discoloration of non-vital teeth was done. In two cases the reason of color change was the use of paste containing resorcinol-formalin. Discoloring of root of the tooth was caused by necrotic damage of the pulp. Clinically satisfactory results were received after 1-4 visits in 1-2 days. Use of the bleaching method with further aesthetic restoration of tooth crowns allows avoiding significant weakening of the tooth crown in comparison with prosthetic methods of treatment. The main whitening agent was 30-40% hydrogen peroxide in combination with sodium perborate. The positive cosmetic results were achieved in short terms. Clear compliance with of manufacturer’s recommendations and the use of technology allow achieving success of treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In-office Vital Tooth Whitening Combined with Different Concentrations of At-home Peroxides: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Leandro Féliz-Matos ◽  
Ninoska Abreu-Placeres ◽  
Luis Miguel Hernandez ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Matuk ◽  
Patricia Grau-Grullón
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
At Home

Background: The clinical evidence relate the effect of associating the in-office and at home vital tooth whitening, describing positive effects on tooth color change and reduction of dental sensitivity. Objective: The purpose of this randomized double-blind clinical trial was to evaluate the effect on the shortened application of in-office vital tooth whitening combined with different concentrations of at-home peroxides in the final tooth color change and dental sensitivity. Methods: Randomized double-blind clinical trial with 120 participants between 18-65 years, allocated in four tooth whitening treatment groups: G1= Carbamide Peroxide 10% + Hydrogen Peroxide 40%, G2= Carbamide Peroxide 15% + Hydrogen Peroxide 40%, G3= Carbamide Peroxide 20% + Hydrogen Peroxide 40%, G4= Hydrogen Peroxide 10% + Hydrogen Peroxide 40% was conducted. Tooth color was measured at baseline and dental sensitivity and tooth color change during and after treatment. Results: No statistical significant differences were found in tooth color change (superior arch p= 0.183 / inferior arch p= 0.374), and in dental sensitivity (p=0.268). Conclusion: Reducing the application time of in-office whitening, combined with in-home products was effective in improving the color. All groups resulted in identical final color change and dental sensitivity. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02682329 Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02682329?term=hydrogen+peroxide.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and Impact of the Walking Bleach Technique on Esthetic Self-perception and Psychosocial Factors: A Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 596-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bersezio ◽  
J Martin ◽  
F Peña ◽  
M Rubio ◽  
J Estay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Dental Esthetics ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shade Guide

SUMMARY Objective: This trial evaluates the impact of psychosocial and esthetic self-perceptions of patients undergoing nonvital tooth bleaching using the walking bleach technique. We also assessed the clinical effectiveness of bleaching tooth discoloration. Methods: Fifty volunteers with nonvital tooth discoloration were enrolled. Teeth were randomized into two groups: 35% hydrogen peroxide (n=25) and 37% carbamide peroxide (n=25). Intracoronal bleaching was performed over four sessions using the walking bleach technique. Tooth color was evaluated at each session to measure total color variation. The shade guide was arranged from highest (B1) to lowest (C4) values to assess the color and calculate the color change in the number of shade guide units. Subjective and objective assessments were compared with the tooth counterpart. Esthetic self-perception and psychosocial factors were assessed before and after treatment. Results: Color change was 15.48&lt;5.17 for hydrogen peroxide and 14.02&lt;4.85 for carbamide peroxide. There was no significant difference at any time point (p&gt;0.05) except at sessions 3 and 4 (p&lt;0.05). Overall, whitened teeth values were similar to those of counterpart teeth (p&gt;0.05). There was a decrease in Oral Health Impact Profile and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics questionnaire scores after treatment compared with baseline (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The walking bleach technique was highly effective on nonvital teeth and had a positive effect on self-esthetic perception and psychological impact for the patients.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Mouthwashes Containing Hydrogen Peroxide on Tooth Whitening

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Karadas ◽  
Omer Hatipoglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Whitening ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of mouthwashes containing hydrogen peroxide compared with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gel. Fifty enamel-dentin samples were obtained from bovine incisors and then stained in a tea solution. The stained samples were randomly divided into five groups according to the whitening product applied (n=10): AS: no whitening (negative control), with the samples stored in artificial saliva; CR: Crest 3D White mouthwash; LS: Listerine Whitening mouthwash; SC: Scope White mouthwash; and OP group: 10% CP Opalescence PF (positive control). Color measurements were carried out with a spectrophotometer before staining, after staining, and on the 7th, 28th, and 56th day of the whitening period. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by a Tukey post hoc test. The color change (ΔE) was significantly greater in all the groups compared to that of the AS group. After 56 days, no significant differences were found among the mouthwash products with respect to color change (P>0.05). The whiteness of the teeth treated with the mouthwashes increased significantly over time. Nevertheless, the color change achieved with the mouthwashes was significantly lower than that achieved with the 10% CP at-home bleaching gel.

scholarly journals At-Home Bleaching: Color Alteration, Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion and Cytotoxicity

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Cunha Amaral Gonzaga de Almeida ◽  
Diana Gabriela Soares ◽  
Fernanda Almeida Azevedo ◽  
Marjorie de Oliveira Gallinari ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Color Alteration

<p>This study evaluated the color change, cytotoxicity and hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffusion caused by different home bleaching protocols: 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) for 3 or 1.5 h, 6% hydrogen peroxide for 1.5 h or 45 min. To quantify the peroxide penetration, disks of bovine teeth were placed in artificial pulp chambers (APCs) containing acetate buffer, which was collected for evaluation in a spectrophotometer. For analysis of cytotoxicity, specimens were adapted in APCs containing culture medium, which subsequently was applied on MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells for 1 h. Cellular metabolism was evaluated by methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and the color change of the specimens was analyzed using the CIE L * a * b * system. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Fisher test (α=5%). The treatment with 10% CP for 3 h was the most effective, and 6% HP for 45 min produced the lowest color change. The groups 10% CP for 1.5 h and 6% HP for 45 min had the lowest trans-enamel dentinal HP penetration, and the 6% HP for 1.5 h had the highest. None of the protocols affected cellular metabolism and morphology. In conclusion, reduced peroxide exposure time reduced the bleaching result; higher HP diffusion did not mean higher effectiveness.</p>

scholarly journals Dynamic Model of Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion Kinetics into the Pulp Cavity

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Ran Kwon ◽  
Li Yiming ◽  
Udochukwu Oyoyo ◽  
Raydolfo M Aprecio
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diffusion Kinetics ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Pulp Cavity ◽  
Color Measurements

ABSTRACT Aim To measure the time course hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp cavity and evaluate short-term tooth color changes after bleaching. Materials and methods Twenty extracted human canines were sectioned, pulp tissue removed and the cavity enlarged. Teeth were painted with nail varnish to leave a 6-mm diameter circle on the buccal surface. Baseline color was measured spectrophotometrically. Teeth were randomized into a control group (n = 10) treated with 30 μl of glycerin base and a bleaching group (n = 10) exposed to 30 μl of 40% hydrogen peroxide for 1 hour. A linear low density polyethylene wrap was placed to prevent evaporation of the material. Acetate buffer was placed into the cavity and replenished every 10 minutes and placed into plastic tubes. Hydrogen peroxide amount was estimated spectrophotometrically using leukocrystal violet and horseradish peroxidase. Specimen color was remeasured immediately after bleaching, 1 hour, 1 day 1, 2 and 6 weeks postbleaching. Color change was measured per Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage methodology. Mann-Whitney procedure was used to assess baseline color measurements and total hydrogen peroxide penetration amount. Friedman's test was used to assess within group differences for color change and hydrogen peroxide penetration. Results There was significantly greater hydrogen peroxide penetration in the bleaching group (p < 0.05). Hydrogen peroxide penetration levels were constant throughout the 1-hour evaluation period in the bleaching group. The groups showed no difference at baseline with respect to any of L*a*b color measurements (p > 0.05). The postbleaching color measurement showed an increase of change in overall color (ΔE) and lightness (ΔL) up to 1 week followed by a gradual stabilization up to 6 weeks. Conclusion This dynamic model provided information about the time course diffusion kinetics into the pulp cavity, demonstrating constant penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp cavity during a 1-hour bleaching session. Clinical significance A prolonged application of 40% hydrogen peroxide bleaching material for 1 hour produces constant penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp cavity in vitro. How to cite this article Kwon SR, Li Y, Oyoyo U, Aprecio RM. Dynamic Model of Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion Kinetics into the Pulp Cavity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):440-445.

The Relationship of Hydrogen Peroxide Exposure Protocol to Bleaching Efficacy

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Kwon ◽  
PW Wertz ◽  
DV Dawson ◽  
DS Cobb ◽  
G Denehy
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pulp Cavity ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to compare two in-office bleaching methods with respect to tooth color change and level of hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp cavity and to evaluate relationships between penetration level and color change. Eighty extracted canines were exposed to two different bleaching regimens (conventional vs sealed bleaching technique). After exposure to 38% hydrogen peroxide gel for one hour, hydrogen peroxide amount was estimated spectrophotometrically. Color change was measured per Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage methodology. Linear regression was used to evaluate factors affecting color change, including bleaching technique. The conventional and sealed bleaching groups showed no difference for any color change parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb, ΔE); however, there was significantly greater hydrogen peroxide penetration in the conventional bleaching group (p&lt;0.05). Linear modeling of the change in lightness (ΔL) showed that the increase in lightness tended to be greater for teeth with lower initial L* values (r=−0.32, p&lt;0.05). After adjustment for initial L*, there was no evidence that ΔL differed with hydrogen peroxide penetration levels (p&gt;0.05) or bleaching technique (mean group difference in ΔL=0.36; p&gt;0.05).

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