Clinical Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of and Tooth Sensitivity to 10% and 20% Carbamide Peroxide Home-use and 35% and 38% Hydrogen Peroxide In-office Bleaching Materials Containing Desensitizing Agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 464-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Basting ◽  
FLB Amaral ◽  
FMG França ◽  
FM Flório
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Fluoride Ions ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Desensitizing Agents ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of and tooth sensitivity to 10% and 20% carbamide peroxide (CP) home-use bleaching agents and 35% and 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in-office bleaching agents, all of which contain desensitizing agents, in a clinical trial. Four agents were evaluated: 10% CP and 20% CP (Opalescence PF 10% and Opalescence PF 20%, Ultradent, both with 0.5% potassium nitrate and 0.11% fluoride ions), 38% HP (Opalescence Boost PF, Ultradent, with 3% potassium nitrate and 1.1% fluoride ions), and 35% HP (Pola Office, SDI, with potassium nitrate). The initial screening procedure included 100 volunteers, aged 18 to 42, with no previous sensitivity or bleaching treatment and with any tooth shade. Volunteers were randomly assigned among the technique/bleaching agent groups. A run-in period was performed 1 week before the beginning of the bleaching treatment. For the home-use bleaching technique, each volunteer was instructed to dispense gel (10% CP or 20% CP) into the trays and then insert them into his or her mouth for at least two hours per night for three weeks. For the in-office bleaching technique, the bleaching agents (38% HP or 35% HP) were prepared and used following the manufacturer's instructions, with three applications performed in each session. Three sessions were carried out with an interval of seven days between each session. The participants were evaluated before, at one week, two weeks, and three weeks after the beginning of the bleaching treatment, and again one and two weeks after the bleaching treatment ended. A shade guide (Vita Classical, Vita) was used by a blinded examiner to perform shade evaluations before bleaching and two weeks after the end of bleaching. At the time of the shade evaluations, tooth sensitivity was also recorded by asking the volunteers to classify the sensitivity during bleaching treatment as absent, mild, moderate, or severe. The present study found that 13.8% of the volunteers withdrew from the study due to tooth sensitivity, and 43.2% of the participants experienced some type of sensitivity during bleaching treatment. The χ2 test showed that there was a significant prevalence of tooth sensitivity during bleaching treatment using the home-use 20% CP agent, with 71.4% of volunteers reporting any level of tooth sensitivity (p=0.0032). A low prevalence of tooth sensitivity was observed for volunteers who used the in-office 38% HP agent (15.0%). The Wilcoxon test (p<0.05) showed that all of the bleaching treatments were effective in bleaching teeth and that there were no differences between the final color shade results among the treatments (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05). This study showed that 43.2% of all the volunteers experienced mild or moderate tooth sensitivity during the treatment with bleaching agents. A higher prevalence of tooth sensitivity was observed for 71.4% of the volunteers who used the 20% CP home-use bleaching agent, which may be ascribed to the peroxide concentration and/or the time/length the agent was in contact with the dental structures.

scholarly journals Comparative Clinical Study of the Effectiveness of Three Different Bleaching Methods

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bizhang ◽  
Y-H. P. Chun ◽  
K. Damerau ◽  
P. Singh ◽  
W. H-M. Raab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

Clinical Relevance The efficacy of vital bleaching depends on the two aspects—viz, bleaching agent and the bleaching method. Results from this in vivo study show that 10% carbamide peroxide home-bleaching and 15% hydrogen peroxide in-office bleaching were more effective than a 6% hydrogen peroxide home-bleaching over-the-counter product up to three months after completion of the bleaching treatment.

In Vivo Study of Two Carbamide Peroxide Gels with Different Desensitizing Agents

10.2341/07-10 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Matis ◽  
M. A. Cochran ◽  
G. J. Eckert ◽  
J. I. Matis
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Desensitizing Agents

Clinical Relevance Under the conditions of this study, 15% carbamide peroxide with potassium nitrate and fluoride exhibited greater bleaching potential but exhibited no difference in sensitivity compared to 16% carbamide peroxide with amorphous calcium phosphate.

scholarly journals Combination of at-home and in-office bleaching techniques: case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Alvarez FERRETTI ◽  
Matheus KURY ◽  
Beatriz Curvello de MENDONÇA ◽  
Marcelo GIANNINI ◽  
Vanessa CAVALLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
At Home

ABSTRACT Tooth bleaching is one of the most conservative aesthetic techniques. At-home and in-office bleaching may be performed, as well as the combination of both techniques. As this combination may be done in different manners, distinct orders of combinations were proposed in this report. A 24 years-old man, whose upper central incisor and canine shades were A2 and A3 respectively, was initially treated by chair-side with 40-min application of 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) for two sessions. Afterwards, an two-week overnight at-home bleaching was performed with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP). The shade of upper central incisors changed to 1M1 and canine was B1. Conversely, a 30 years-old woman was firstly conducted with at-home bleaching (overnight 4-weeks 10% CP) and, subsequently, with a single appointment of in-office bleaching for 45 minutes (35% HP). The shade of her upper central incisor changed from A1 to 0.5M1 and the upper canine from A3 to B1. The VITA classical (A1-D4) shade guide and VITA Bleached guide 3D-MASTER were used to determine the tooth color during the treatments. In both bleaching treatments, patients reported no significant tooth sensitivity and the final outcomes met their expectation.

scholarly journals Microhardness and color monitoring of nanofilled resin composite after bleaching and staining

2014 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina G. Bandeira de Andrade ◽  
Roberta Tarkany Basting ◽  
José Augusto Rodrigues ◽  
Flávia Lucisano Botelho do Amaral ◽  
Cecilia Pedroso Turssi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of staining solutions on microhardness and shade changes of a nanofilled resin composite, which had been previously in contact with bleaching agents. Materials and Methods: A total of 135 disk-shaped specimens (10 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated with a nanofilled resin (Filtek Supreme) and photocured with a Light Emission Diode (LED) unit and then allocated into three groups to be bleached with 10% or 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agents or a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) product. Following bleaching, specimens within each group were subdivided into three groups to be immersed in coffee, red wine or distilled water. Microhardness and color were monitored at baseline, after bleaching and after staining. Results: Analysis of variance for split-plot design showed lower microhardness values when the composite had been in contact with HP (P < 0.0001). The specimens immersed in red wine and coffee provided lower microhardness values than those immersed in distilled water, regardless of the bleaching agent to which the composites were previously exposed. Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests demonstrated that the composite was lighter after bleaching with a 35% HP agent (P < 0.0500). Conclusion: The composite was darker as a result of being immersed either in red wine or coffee, regardless of the bleaching agent.

scholarly journals Enamel Surface Changes After Exposure to Bleaching Gels Containing Carbamide Peroxide or Hydrogen Peroxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. E39-E47 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cvikl ◽  
A Lussi ◽  
A Moritz ◽  
S Flury
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Enamel Surface ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Bleaching Gels ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

SUMMARY Objective This study evaluated the differences in enamel color change, surface hardness, elastic modulus, and surface roughness between treatments with four bleaching gels containing carbamide peroxide (two at 10% and one each at 35%, and 45%) and two bleaching gels containing hydrogen peroxide (two at 40%). Methods Enamel specimens were bleached and color changes were measured. Color change was calculated using either ΔE or the Bleaching Index (BI). Then, surface hardness, elastic modulus, and surface roughness of the enamel specimens were evaluated. All measurements were performed at baseline and directly after the first bleaching treatment for all carbamide peroxide– and hydrogen peroxide–containing bleaching gels. In addition, final measurements were made 24 hours after each of a total of 10 bleaching treatments for carbamide peroxide bleaching gels, and 1 week after each of a total of three bleaching treatments for hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels. Results After the last bleaching treatment, respective ΔE scores were 17.6 and 8.2 for the two 10% carbamide peroxide gels, 12.9 and 5.6 for the 45% and 35% carbamide peroxide gels, and 9.6 and 13.9 for the two 40% hydrogen peroxide gels. The respective BI scores were −2.0 and −2.0 for the two 10% carbamide peroxide gels, −3.5 and −1.5 for the 45% and 35% carbamide peroxide gels, and −2.0 and −3.0 for the two 40% hydrogen peroxide gels. Each bleaching gel treatment resulted in significant whitening; however, no significant difference was found among the gels after the last bleaching. Whitening occurred within the first bleaching treatments and did not increase significantly during the remaining treatments. Surface hardness significantly decreased after the last bleaching treatment, when 10% carbamide peroxide was used. Furthermore, significant changes in the elastic modulus or surface roughness occurred only after treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide. Conclusion All six bleaching gels effectively bleached the enamel specimens independent of their concentration of peroxide. Gels with low peroxide concentration and longer contact time negatively affected the enamel surface.

Efficacy of Home-use Bleaching Agents Delivered in Customized or Prefilled Disposable Trays: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
NR Carlos ◽  
EC Bridi ◽  
FLB Amaral ◽  
FMG França ◽  
CP Turssi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Whitening Agent ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Gingival Irritation

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to evaluate bleaching methods containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) or carbamide peroxide (CP), dispensed in customized or prefilled trays, in terms of color change, tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, acceptance, and comfort. Seventy-five volunteers were randomly selected and distributed according to the whitening agent (n=25): 10% HP dispensed in prefilled trays (Opalescence Go 10%) and 9.5% HP (Pola Day) and 10% CP both delivered in customized trays (Opalescence PF 10%). HP was applied for 30 min/d for 14 days (d), and CP for 8 h/d for 14 days. Evaluations were performed at baseline and at 7 days and 14 days of treatment. Color change was measured with Commission internationale de l'éclairage color coordinates (L*, a*, b*), Vita Classical, and 3D Master scales. A visual analog scale was used to assess tooth sensitivity, acceptance of the method and degree of comfort of the tray. Gingival irritation was evaluated as present or absent and localized or generalized. Regarding gingival irritation, tray acceptance, and tooth sensitivity, no differences were observed among the groups at any time (p&gt;0.05). As for degree of comfort, 10% HP showed lower scores (comfortable) than 10% CP, with significant differences (p&lt;0.05) from the other groups (comfortable to very comfortable). In terms of ΔL, Δa, and ΔE, no difference was observed among the groups or between the time periods (p&gt;0.05). The Δb average was higher at 14 days (p&lt;0.05), and there was no difference among the groups (p&gt;0.05). Localized gingival irritation was observed in both tray methods. Mild tooth sensitivity was observed with time, regardless of the bleaching agent concentration or the application time. Color change was similar for all the groups at 7 days and 14 days, but there was a greater reduction in the yellow hue at 14 days. All the bleaching methods were highly accepted and effective in promoting whitening. Although prefilled trays are generally comfortable, they proved less comfortable than customized trays.

scholarly journals Clinical and Spectrophotometric Evaluation of LED and Laser Activated Teeth Bleaching

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lo Giudice ◽  
G. Pantaleo ◽  
A. Lizio ◽  
U. Romeo ◽  
G. Castiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Chromatic Scale ◽  
Whitening Agent ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Before And After

Background: Auxiliary power sources (LED and laser) are used in in-office teeth bleaching techniques to accelerate the redox reaction of the whitening gel to increase ease of use, to improve comfort and safety, and to decrease the procedure time. Objective: The aim this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the teeth whitening procedures performed with hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide, LED or Laser activated. Method: 18 patients, affected by exogenous dyschromia, were treated with a bleaching agent composed by 35% hydrogen peroxide and 10% carbamide peroxide. They were divided into two groups: in the first group the bleaching agent was activated by a LED lamp; in the second group it was activated by a Laser diode lamp. Both groups were subjected to 3 bleaching cycle of 15’ each. The chromatic evaluations were performed before and after one week from the treatment, using a chromatic scale and a spectrophotometer. The mean value of pre, post bleaching and follow-up were analyzed using a T-test, with results statistically significant for P<0,05. Results: Results showed that the variations in brightness, chroma and hue are significantly influenced by the interaction between the whitening agent and the original colour of the teeth. Laser-activation has marginally improved the bleaching effectiveness. All patients treated with laser activation complained an increase in dental sensitivity. Conclusion: The use of laser-activating systems did not improve the efficacy of bleaching.

scholarly journals Effect of Short- and Long-term Use of Home and In-Office Bleaching with Carbamide Peroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide on Bleaching with Carbamide Peroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide on Enamel Microhardness Enamel Microhardness

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazila Ameli ◽  
◽  
Niloofar Kianvash Rad ◽  
Farzane Nikpour ◽  
Raheb Ghorbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
At Home

Bleaching is a well-known esthetic dental treatment performed to lighten the tooth shade. Among different cosmetic dental procedures, including direct and indirect tooth-colored restorations, bleaching is likely the most conservative approach. Bleaching has been accepted well by patients and proven as a safe and effective approach. Objective: Tooth bleaching can be conducted at home or in offices. This study was performed to compare the enamel microhardness before bleaching and one and eight weeks after the application of different bleaching agents. Methods: Forty human premolars were randomly divided into four groups, and their buccal surface underwent a Vickers microhardness test before and after bleaching. Bleaching was performed with 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) in-office bleaching agent (n = 10), 15% HP at-home bleaching agent (n = 10), and 15% carbamide peroxide (CP) at-home bleaching agent (n = 10) for two weeks. Ten samples were stored in artificial saliva and set as the control group. The microhardness of the samples was measured again one and eight weeks after bleaching. Results: The microhardness significantly decreased in the four groups one week after bleaching. Conclusion: The enamel microhardness was temporarily decreased by in-office bleaching. However, the microhardness increased with time and returned to the baseline value. Although the enamel microhardness initially reduced, it increased eight weeks after 15% CP at-home bleaching agent was applied.

scholarly journals Effect of internal bleaching agents on the bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentine

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Josemar Martins Ferreira ◽  
Sara Rodrigues Renovato ◽  
Fernanda Ribeiro Santana ◽  
Daniel De Almeida Decurcio ◽  
Carlos José Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Fiber Posts ◽  
Glass Fiber Posts

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of internal bleaching agents on the bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentine.Methods: Seventy bovine teeth were divided into 7 experimental groups (n=10) according to the bleaching agent used: SpH – sodium perborate + 20% hydrogen peroxide; SpW – sodium perborate + distilled water; Cp37 – 37% carbamide peroxide; Cp16 – 16% carbamide peroxide; Cp10 – 10% carbamide peroxide; H – 35% hydrogen peroxide; C – no bleaching agent (control). After bleaching, posts were cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U100) and the roots were crosssectioned to obtain two discs from each third. The posts underwent micropush-out testing, and bond strength values (MPa) were analyzed using ANOVA in a split-plot arrangement and the Tukey test (p<0.05). Failure mode was evaluated under confocal microscopy.Results: There were no significant differences between the control and bleaching agent groups. Bond strength was greater in the cervical third of the 16% carbamide peroxide (Cp16) group than in the sodium perborate + 20% hydrogen peroxide (SpH) group. The cervical third had a higher bond strength than the apical third in the 10% carbamide peroxide (Cp10), 16% carbamide peroxide (Cp16) and sodium perborate + distilled water (SpW) groups, and no significant differences in the other groups. Adhesive cement-dentine failure was prevalent in all groups.Conclusion: The use of internal bleaching agents did not decrease the bond strength of glass fiber posts to root dentin.

Effectiveness of In-office Hydrogen Peroxide With Two Different Protocols: A Two-center Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
IEB Martins ◽  
S Onofre ◽  
N Franco ◽  
LM Martins ◽  
A Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Bleaching Agent ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Absolute

SUMMARY Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the bleaching efficacy and tooth sensitivity (TS) of a 38% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent used for in-office bleaching, applied under different time protocols: a 40-minute application or two 20-minute applications. Methods and Materials: Forty-four patients from Brazil and Colombia, with right superior canines darker than C2, were selected for this multicenter, single-blind, randomized trial. The teeth were bleached in two sessions, with a one-week interval between them, in a split-mouth design. The bleaching agent was applied in two 20-minute (2×20) applications or one 40-minute (1×40) application in each session according to the manufacturer's instructions. The color changes were evaluated by using subjective (Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide) and objective (Easyshade Spectrophotometer) methods at baseline and 30 days after the second session. Tooth sensitivity was recorded up to 48 hours with a 0-10 visual analog scale. Also, the pH values during the application of bleaching were recorded. Color change in shade guide units and ΔE were analyzed by using the Student t-test (α=0.05). The absolute risk and intensity of TS were evaluated with the McNemar test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the Friedman test, respectively (α= 0.05). Results: Significant whitening was observed in both groups after 30 days of clinical evaluation. The use of a 40-minute application did not significantly influence the absolute risk of TS (68%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 53-80) as well as the intensity of TS compared with the acid bleaching gel (absolute risk of 82%, 95% CI = 68-91). The pH values did not differ significantly between groups and at the different assessment periods (p=0.42). Conclusion: The use of a 40-minute in-office bleaching agent gel application produced the same whitening degree and TS that the two 20-minute bleaching agent applications did. The former preferably should be applied because one 40-minute application does not require gel refreshing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document