Tridimensional Evaluation of the Interfacial Gap in Deep Cervical Margin Restorations: A Micro-CT Study

Clinical Relevance Using a material that optimizes marginal seal when using a margin elevation technique to manage deep class II cavities should enhance clinical outcomes. SUMMARY Objectives: The purpose of this laboratory study was to perform a tridimensional interfacial gap evaluation of class II cavities with enamel and dentin cervical margins, before and after cyclic fatigue, restored with different nanohybrid resin composites. Methods and Materials: Standardized class II cavities were performed on 48 intact maxillary premolars, placing the mesial cervical margin 1 mm above the cement–enamel junction (CEJ) and the distal cervical margin 1 mm below the CEJ. Specimens were treated with two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond2) and divided into six groups according to the restoration technique. Microcomputed Tomography imaging was executed before and after 1,000,000 cycles of chewing simulation at 50 N. Tridimensional interfacial gaps, expressed as cubic millimeters, were analyzed through a standardized software flowchart (Mimics). Data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests (α=0.05). Results: Restoration technique (p=0.001) and chewing simulation (p=0.00001) significantly influenced interfacial gap on dentin but not on enamel. The post hoc test showed that, on dentin margins, flowable resins had a lower gap at baseline but a higher gap after chewing simulation, especially when a 2-mm-thick layer was applied, compared with nanohybrid and bulk-fill composites. Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, no differences in interfacial gap volume were found on enamel margins. On dentin margins, flowable resins showed better marginal seal at baseline, but they seem to be more prone to interfacial degradation during chewing simulation than traditional composites.

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Cervical Interfacial Bonding Effectiveness of Class II Bulk Versus Incremental Fill Resin Composite Restorations

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/14-152-l ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 622-635 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

F Al-Harbi ◽

D Kaisarly ◽

A Michna ◽

A ArRejaie ◽

D Bader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resin Composite ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Class Ii ◽

Interfacial Bonding ◽

Control Group ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Maxillary Premolars ◽

Group 5 ◽

Interfacial Gap ◽

Self Etch

SUMMARY Cervical interfacial bonding quality has been a matter of deep concern. The purpose of this study was to analyze microtensile bond strength (MTBS) and cervical interfacial gap distance (IGD) of bulk-fill vs incremental-fill Class II composite restorations. Box-only Class II cavities were prepared in 91 maxillary premolars (n = 7) with gingival margin placement 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction at one side and 1 mm below it on the other side. Eighty-four maxillary premolars were divided into self-etch and total-etch groups and further subdivided into six restorative material subgroups used incrementally and with an open-sandwich technique: group 1, Tetric Ceram HB (TC) as a control; group 2, Tetric EvoFlow (EF); group 3, SDR Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR); group 4, SonicFill (SF); group 5, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TN); and group 6, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TE). Groups 2-6 were bulk-fill restoratives. Tetric N-Bond Self-Etch (se) and Tetric N-Bond total-etch (te) adhesive were used in subgroups 1–5, whereas AdheSE (se) and ExciTE F (te) were used in subgroup 6. In an additional group, Filtek P90 Low Shrink Restorative (P90) was used only with its corresponding self-etch bond. The materials were manipulated, light-cured (1600 mW/cm2), artificially aged (thermal and occlusal load-cycling), and sectioned. Two microrods/restoration (n = 14/group) were tested for MTBS at a crosshead-speed of 0.5 mm/min (Instron testing machine). Fracture loads were recorded (Newtons), and MTSBs were calculated (Megapascals). Means were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, Conover-Inman post hoc analysis for MTBS (multiple comparisons), and Mann-Whitney U test for IGD. The ends of the fractures were examined for failure mode. One microrod/restoration (n = 7/group) was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (×1200) for IGD. MTBS values for SF/te, P90 in enamel, and TC+SDR/te in enamel and cementum were significantly higher compared with those for the control TC/te and TC/se in cementum. Most of the failures were mixed. IGDs were generally smaller at enamel margins, and the smallest IGDs were found in P90 at both enamel and cementum margins. Bulk-fill and silorane-based composites might provide better cervical interfacial quality than incremental-fill restorations.

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Marginal Integrity of Bulk Versus Incremental Fill Class II Composite Restorations

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/14-306-l ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 146-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

F Al-Harbi ◽

D Kaisarly ◽

D Bader ◽

M El Gezawi

Keyword(s):

Resin Composite ◽

Class Ii ◽

Chi Square ◽

Sandwich Technique ◽

Thermomechanical Cycling ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Marginal Integrity ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Maxillary Premolars ◽

Self Etch

SUMMARY Bulk-fill composites have been introduced to facilitate the placement of deep direct resin composite restorations. This study aimed at analyzing the cervical marginal integrity of bulk-fill vs incremental and open-sandwich class II resin composite restorations after thermomechanical cycling using replica scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ranking according to the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. Box-only class II cavities were prepared in 91 maxillary premolars with the gingival margin placed 1 mm above and below the cemento-enamel junction. Eighty-four premolars were divided into self-etch and total-etch groups, then subdivided into six restorative subgroups (n=7): 1-Tetric Ceram HB (TC) was used incrementally and in the open-sandwich technique with 2-Tetric EvoFlow (EF) and 3-Smart Dentin Replacement (SD). Bulk-fill restoratives were 4-SonicFill (SF), 5-Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TN), and 6-Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TE). In subgroups 1-5, Tetric N-Bond self-etch and Tetric N-Bond total-etch adhesives were used, whereas in subgroup 6, AdheSE self-etch and ExciTE F total etch were used. One more group (n=7) was restored with Filtek P90 Low Shrink Posterior Restorative (P9) only in combination with its self-etch P90 System Adhesive. Materials were manipulated and light cured (20 seconds, 1600 mW/cm2), and restorations were artificially aged by thermo-occlusal load cycling. Polyvinyl-siloxane impressions were taken and poured with epoxy resin. Resin replicas were examined by SEM (200×) for marginal sealing, and percentages of perfect margins were analyzed. Moreover, samples were examined using loupes (3.5×) and explorers and categorized according to the FDI criteria. Results were statistically analyzed (SEM by Kruskal-Wallis test and FDI by chi-square test) without significant differences in either the replica SEM groups (p=0.848) or the FDI criteria groups (p>0.05). The best SEM results at the enamel margin were in TC+EF/total-etch and SF/total-etch and at the cementum margins were in SF/total-etch and TE/self-etch, while the worst were in TC/self-etch at both margins. According to FDI criteria, the best was TE/total-etch at the enamel margin, and the poorest was P9/self-etch at the cementum margin. Groups did not differ significantly, and there was a strong correlation in results between replica SEM and FDI ranking.

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Cuspal movement related to different bonding techniques using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive systems

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697434 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 03 (03) ◽

pp. 213-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Edson Alves Campos ◽

Marcelo Ferrarezi Andrade ◽

Sizenando Toledo Porto-Neto ◽

Lucas Arrais Campos ◽

José Roberto Cury Saad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Layer ◽

Class Ii ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Flowable Composite ◽

Composite Restorations ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Bonding Technique

ABSTRACTObjectives: To investigate the effects of adhesion technique using different contemporary adhesive systems on the cuspal movement in class II composite restorations in human premolar teeth.Methods: Human premolar teeth were prepared with class II cavities and then restored with composite and etch-and-rinse (Adper Scotchbond Multi Purpose and Adper Single Bond) or selfetch (Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil S3 Bond) adhesive systems under different bonding techniques (total bonding and selective bonding). The influence of an intermediate layer of flowable composite was also evaluated. The cuspal distance was measured before and after the restorative procedure, and the difference was recorded as cuspal movement. The data were submitted to ANOVA test and Tukey’s post hoc comparison procedure test (alpha=0.05).Results: For all adhesive systems, the teeth restored with selective bonding technique showed lower values of cuspal movement and the use of an intermediary layer of flowable composite did not show any influence on the cuspal movement.Conclusions: Both the adhesive techniques tested were not able to prevent the cuspal movement. However, selectively bonded class II composite restorations demonstrated lower values of cuspal movement comparing with total bonding technique, and the use of an intermediate layer of flowable composite did not diminish the values of cuspal movement. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:213-218)

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Perbedaan Analisis Sefalometri Skeletal Sebelum dan Sesudah Perawatan Alat Myofunctional pada Pasien Maloklusi Dentoskeletal Kelas II Divisi I dalam Masa Pertumbuhan dengan Metode Steiner

Majalah Sainstekes ◽

10.33476/ms.v4i2.906 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nugroho Ahmad Riyadi

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

T Test ◽

Analytic Study ◽

Statistic Analysis ◽

Twin Block ◽

Normal Occlusion ◽

Division 1 ◽

Before And After ◽

Class Ii Division 1

The aim of orthodontics treatment is normalization of teeth position in three planes, using various orthodontics appliance to reach the chepalometric standar and normal occlusion. Orthodontic treatment for dentoskeletal class II division 1 malocclusion in growing patients using myofunctional appliance may correct anteroposterior planes of mandibula. This study was a descriptive retrospective analytic study to look at the success of Orthodontic treatment for dentoskeletal class II division 1 in growing patients with myofunctional appliance using chepalometrics analysis Steiner value. The sample used in this study is chepalogram radiographic from patient with dentoskeletal class II division 1 malocclusion in growing patients before and after using myofunctional appliance in PPDGS orthodontics Clinic of Padjadjaran University. Statistic analysis were performed with pair t-test and Wilcoxon. Based on this study, it is concluded that orthodontic treatment with myofunctional appliance such as activator and twin block in growing patient with dentoskeletal class II division 1 malocclusion shows significant changes and compatibility with the normal criteria.

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Microleakage of class II restoration with zirconia inlay: An in vitro study

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2019.5.9 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

Xuan Anh Ngoc Ho ◽

Anh Chi Phan ◽

Toai Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Class Ii ◽

Resin Cement ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ◽

Group 2 ◽

Self Etch ◽

Ionomer Cement ◽

Group 1 ◽

Composite Restoration

Background: Class II restoration with zirconia inlay is concerned by numerous studies about the luting coupling between zirconia inlay and teeth. The present study was performed to evaluate the microleakage of Class II zirconia inlayusing two different luting agents and compare to direct restoration using bulk fill composite. Aims: To evaluate the microleakage of Class II restorations using three different techniques. Materials and methods: The study was performed in laboratory with three groups. Each of thirty extracted human teeth was prepared a class II cavity with the same dimensions, then these teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups restored by 3 different approaches. Group 1: zirconia inlay cemented with self-etch resin cement (Multilink N); Group 2: zirconia inlay cemented with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Plus); Group 3: direct composite restoration using bulk fill composite(Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill). All restorations were subjected to thermal cycling (100 cycles 50C – 55 0C), then immersed to 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. The microleakage determined by the extent of dye penetration along the gingival wall was assessed using two methods: quantitative and semi-quantitative method. Results: Among three types of restorations, group 1 demonstrated the significantly lower rate of leakage compared to the others, while group 2 and 3 showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Zirconia inlay restoration cemented with self-etch resin cement has least microleakage degree when compare to class II zirconia inlay restoration cemented with resin-modified glass ionomer cement and direct composite restoration using bulk fill composite. Key words: inlay, zirconia ceramic, class II restoration, microleakage.

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The Effects of Toothbrush Wear on the Surface Roughness and Gloss of Resin Composites with Various Types of Matrices

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9010008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Murtadha AlAli ◽

Nikolaos Silikas ◽

Julian Satterthwaite

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Pairwise Comparisons ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Hybrid Resin ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Main Effects ◽

Toothbrush Wear

Objective: To evaluate and compare the surface roughness and gloss of a DMA-free composite and Bis-GMA-free composite with a DMA-based composite before and after toothbrushing simulation. Materials and Methods: Fifteen dimensionally standardised composite specimens of three nano-hybrid resin composites (Tetric EvoCeram, Admira Fusion, and Venus Diamond) were used. Five specimens from each composite were polished and then subjected to a toothbrushing simulator. Surface roughness (Ra) and gloss were measured before toothbrushing and after 5000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. The data was analysed using 5 × 3 ANOVA to assess surface roughness and gloss values and pairwise comparisons in the form of Tukey post hoc tests were performed to interpret main effects. Results: For all tested materials, surface roughness increased, and gloss decreased after toothbrushing abrasion. Surface roughness (Ra) values ranged from 0.14 to 0.22 μm at baseline and increased to between 0.41 and 0.49 μm after 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. Gloss values ranged between 31.9 and 50.6 GU at baseline and between 5.1 and 19.5 GU after 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. The lowest initial Ra value was detected in Venus Diamond and the highest initial gloss value was detected in Tetric EvoCeram. Conclusions: Simulated toothbrushing abrasion led to an increase in surface roughness and a decrease in gloss for all tested materials. Venus Diamond had the smoothest surface and Tetric EvoCeram had the glossiest surface after polishing and following 20,000 cycles of toothbrushing abrasion. Admira Fusion demonstrated the roughest surface and had the lowest gloss values before and after toothbrushing abrasion.

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Evaluation of Changes in Depression Levels of Bruxism Patients Treated With Botulinum Toxin-A

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/23202068211006554 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232020682110065

Author(s):

Deniz Erdil ◽

Nilsun Bagis ◽

Hakan Eren ◽

Melike Camgoz ◽

Kaan Orhan

Keyword(s):

Botulinum Toxin ◽

Botulinum Toxin A ◽

Age Groups ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Toxin A ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Hoc

Aim: Bruxism is defined as the involuntary recurrent masticatory muscle activity characterized by gnashing, grinding, clenching of teeth, and/or pushing the mandible. Factors creating its etiology are peripheral (morphological) or central (physiopathological and physiological), and exogenous. Recently, among physiological factors, depression and bruxism were considered to be related. A definitive treatment method does not exist for bruxism; however, botulinum toxin-A (BT-A) application is an up-to-date and effective way of treatment. The present study is aimed to evaluate the levels of depression in bruxism patients treated with BT-A application. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 individuals (23 females and 2 males) who were diagnosed as bruxism patients were included in the study. 25 U of BT-A for each masseter muscle was injected into the patients. Patients were prospectively observed for a possible change in depression levels by using Beck’s Depression Inventory. The inventory was implemented before and six months after the BT-A application. Depression levels before and six months after the injection were compared. A paired t-test was used to compare “before” and “after” treatment values. One-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey tests were used to evaluate the change in Beck’s Depression Inventory scores according to age groups. Results: The mean total score was 7.80 ± 8.10 before the treatment and 7.16 ± 6.52 six months after the treatment. The decrease in the mean score was not statistically significant ( P > .05). Conclusion: In conclusion, despite the decrease in the mean Beck’s Depression Inventory scores, a statistically significant decrease in the depression levels of patients was not observed.

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Biomechanical properties of the bone during implant placement

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01442-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ádám László Nagy ◽

Zsolt Tóth ◽

Tamás Tarjányi ◽

Nándor Tamás Práger ◽

Zoltán Lajos Baráth

Keyword(s):

Bone Structure ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Dynamic Tests ◽

Bone Model ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Group 2 ◽

Post Hoc

Abstract Background In this research the biomechanical properties of a bone model was examined. Porcine ribs are used as experimental model. The objective of this research was to investigate and compare the biomechanical properties of the bone model before and after implant placement. Methods The bone samples were divided in three groups, Group 1 where ALL-ON-FOUR protocol was used during pre-drilling and placing the implants, Group 2 where ALL-ON-FOUR protocol was used during pre-drilling, and implants were not placed, and Group 3 consisting of intact bones served as a control group. Static and dynamic loading was applied for examining the model samples. Kruskal–Wallis statistical test and as a post-hoc test Mann–Whitney U test was performed to analyze experimental results. Results According to the results of the static loading, there was no significant difference between the implanted and original ribs, however, the toughness values of the bones decreased largely on account of predrilling the bones. The analysis of dynamic fatigue measurements by Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences between the intact and predrilled bones. Conclusion The pre-drilled bone was much weaker in both static and dynamic tests than the natural or implanted specimens. According to the results of the dynamic tests and after a certain loading cycle the implanted samples behaved the same way as the control samples, which suggests that implantation have stabilized the skeletal bone structure.

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Shaping and Centering Ability, Cyclic Fatigue Resistance and Fractographic Analysis of Three Thermally Treated NiTi Endodontic Instrument Systems

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13245823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 5823

Author(s):

Saulius Drukteinis ◽

Vytaute Peciuliene ◽

Ruta Bendinskaite ◽

Vilma Brukiene ◽

Rasmute Maneliene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Resistance ◽

Cyclic Fatigue ◽

Fractographic Analysis ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Topographic Features ◽

New Instrument ◽

Before And After ◽

Number Of Cycles ◽

Thermally Treated

The better understanding of the clinically important behavioral features of new instrument systems has an important significance for the clinical endodontics. This study aimed to investigate the shaping and centering ability as well as cyclic fatigue resistance of HyFlex CM (CM), HyFlex EDM (EDM) and EdgeFile (EF) thermally treated nickel–titanium (NiTi) endodontic instrument systems. Sixty curved root canals of the mesial roots of mandibular molars were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 20) and shaped using CM, EDM and EF files up to the size 40 and taper 04 of the instruments. µCT scanning of the specimens before and after preparation was performed and the morphometric 2D and 3D parameters were evaluated in the apical, middle and coronal thirds of root canals. In each group, 40.04 instruments (n = 20) were subjected to the cyclic fatigue resistance test in artificial root canals at 37 °C temperature until fractures occurred, and the number of cycles to failure (NCF) was calculated. The fractographic analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope, evaluating topographic features and surface profiles of the separated instruments. The one-way analysis of variance with post hoc Tuckey’s test was used for statistical analysis of the data; the significance level was set at 5%. All systems prepared the comparable percentage of root canal surface with the similar magnitude of canal transportation in all root thirds (p > 0.05), but demonstrated significantly different resistance to cyclic fatigue (p < 0.05). The most resistant to fracture was EF, followed by EDM and CM. The length of the fractured fragments was not significantly different between the groups, and fractographic analysis by SEM detected the typical topographic features of separated thermally treated NiTi instrument surfaces.

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Interfacial Nanoleakage and Bonding of Self-Adhesive Systems Cured with a Modified-Layering Technique to Dentin of Weakened Roots

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/12-103-l ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. E154-E165 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E Mobarak ◽

R Seyam

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Root Canals ◽

Root Region ◽

Modes Of Failure ◽

Group A ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Vertise Flow ◽

Self Etch

SUMMARY Objective The purpose of the study was to evaluate the nanoleakage and bond strength of different self adhesive systems cured with a modified-layering technique (MLT) to dentin of weakened roots. Methods Twenty-one maxillary incisors were decoronated and then root canals were instrumented and obturated with the cold lateral compaction technique. Weakened roots were simulated by flaring root canals until only 1 mm dentin thickness remained. Teeth were distributed into three groups. The canals were backfilled with Vertise Flow (VF group), a self-adhering system, following a modified-layering technique using two light-transmitting posts, sizes 6 and 3. DT Light Post size 2 was cemented using the same material. Remaining roots were prepared and cured in the same way as the VF group. However, in the TS/MF group, Clearfil Tri-S Bond (TS) adhesive and Clearfil Majesty Flow (MF) composite were used, while in the ED/PF group, ED primer II (ED)/Panavia F2.0 (PF) were used. After one week of storage, each root was sectioned to obtain six slices (two slices from each root third: coronal, middle and apical) of 0.9 ± 0.1 mm thickness. Interfacial nanoleakage expression was analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM), and the micro push-out bond strength (μPOBS) was measured at different root regions. Modes of failure were also determined using SEM. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and Tukey post hoc test (p≤0.05). Results With MLT, all adhesive systems showed nanoleakage. For μPOBS, there was a statistically significant effect for adhesive systems (p<0.001) but not for root region (p<0.64) or for their interaction (p=0.99). Tukey post hoc test revealed that the bond strength of the VF group was significantly higher than the TS/MF and ED/PF groups for all root regions. Conclusion All of the tested self-adhesive systems cured using MLT had slight nanoleakage and were not sensitive to root regional differences. Self-adhering systems had higher bond strength than self-etch adhesives.

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