scholarly journals THE OSSETIAN MATERNITY RITES IN M. TUGANOV’S SKETCHES.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Б.А. Битиев
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Child Mortality Rate ◽  
Opening Up

В традициях любого народа особое место занимают обряды, связанные с рождением ребенка. Высокая женская и особенно детская смертность у многих народов мира предопределили формирование комплекса родильных обрядов, основанных на древних религиозных представлениях и предохранительной магии. Рассматриваемый цикл обрядности обстоятельно описан у осетин, с привлечением архаичного полевого материала, который успели зафиксировать исследователи 19501960 гг. Однако реконструкция родильной обрядности, ее глубокий анализ требуют привлечения дополнительных источников. В настоящей статье ставится задача рассмотрения родильной обрядности осетин с применением метода визуальной антропологии. Визуальные свидетельства дают яркое представление о традиционном аспекте жизни народов, открывают новые пути к пониманию прошлого, обогащая способы анализа данных. В качестве визуального источника, как правило, используются фотографии, фото и киносъемки. Мы предлагаем рассмотреть информационные возможности зарисовок и графических рисунков как визуального этнографического источника. Зарисовка как документ, зафиксированный текст, который создавался в реальности и повествует о ней, требует прочтения символов и знаков, сублимирующих в себе информацию. В статье предпринимается попытка исследования комплекса родильных обрядов осетин через призму этнографических зарисовок Махарбека Сафаровича Туганова первого профессионального осетинского художника, основоположника реалистического направления в изобразительном искусстве осетин. Созданные им в конце 20х начале 30х гг. ХХ в. зарисовки Роды в хлеву и Торжественный ввод невесты с новорожденным из хлева в хдзар рассматриваются в контексте обрядности детского (родильного) цикла осетин. Зафиксированные художником детали, их корреляция с полевыми и письменными этнографическими источниками существенно дополняют имеющиеся представления о родильной обрядности. Отдельные черты зарисовок, которые пока не удается прочитать , стимулируют дальнейший научный поиск, формируют новые вопросы к информантам и подтверждают возможность использования зарисовки как этнографического источника. In the traditions of any people, the rites associated with the birth of a child occupy a special place. High female and especially child mortality rate predetermined the formation of complex maternity rites based on ancient religious beliefs and protective magicamong many peoples of the world. The cycle of rites under consideration was substantially discussed and described in the Ossetian studies, with the involvement of field materialretaining archaic notions, which was recorded by researchers of 19501960. However, reconstruction of the maternity rite, its indepth analysis requires the involvement of additional sources. This article aims to consider the maternity rite of the Ossetians using the method of visual anthropology. Visual evidence gives a vivid picture of the traditional aspect of peoples lives, opening up new ways to understand the past, enriching the way data is analyzed. Photography and filming are usually used as a visual source. We propose to consider the information potential of sketches and graphic drawings as a visual ethnographic source. Sketching as a document, as a fixed text created in reality, is a narrative, which requires interpreting its symbols and characters sublimating the information. The article attempts to study the complex of maternity rites of Ossetia through the prism of ethnographic sketches by Makharbek Safarovich Tuganov the first professional Ossetian artist, the founder of the realistic direction in the Ossetian fine arts. His sketches of the late 20s early 30s of 20th century: Childbirth in the barn and The ceremonial entry of the bride with a newborn from the barn to the hdzar are considered in the context of the rites of the childbirth cycle of the Ossetians. The details recorded by the artist, their correlation with field and written ethnographic sources significantly complement the existing ideas of the maternity rite. Individual features of sketches, which have not been unveiled so far, stimulate further scientific search, pose new questions to informants and confirm the possibilities of using of sketch as an ethnographic source.

Performing States-Of-In-Between: Dogs, Parrots, and Other Humans in Recent Austrian Performances

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-310
Author(s):  
Sabine Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Cultural Critique ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Dramatic Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Violent Content ◽  
The World ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Recent Developments

Every late spring since 1951, the Wiener Festwochen bring performers from around the world to Vienna for an opportunity to share recent developments in performance styles and present them to a Viennese public that seems to be increasingly open to experimentation. These festival weeks solidify a specific form of Viennese self-understanding and self-representation as a culture that is rooted in performance. This essay seeks to link two recent Austrian performances—one of them was part of the Wiener Festwochen in 2016, the other was staged in downtown Linz during the past few years—to this Austrian and specifically Viennese culture of performance by reading them as contemporary articulations of a tradition of radical performance art that can be traced back to the Viennese Actionism of the sixties and later feminist articulations in the seventies and eighties. They play on the dramatic effect of these actions, specifically their joy in cruelty, chaos, and orgiastic intoxication, by staging regressions and thus making visible what has been dammed up and repressed in contemporary society.1 Just as their historical models, these two performances merge the performing and the fine arts and they highlight provocative, controversial, and, at times, violent content. But they do it in an interspecies context that adds an entire layer of complexity to the project of societal and cultural critique.

scholarly journals Health status of children in ancient Sirmium

Starinar ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Miladinovic-Radmilovic ◽  
Vulovic Dragana ◽  
Ksenija Djukic
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Enamel Hypoplasia ◽  
The Social ◽  
Haematological Disorders ◽  
Child Mortality Rate ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

This paper presents diseases which directly leave traces on osteological material (enamel hypoplasia, caries, traumatic conditions, haematological disorders, metabolic diseases and middle ear inflammation) and diseases that leave no visible marks on bones, and may indeed be the direct cause of death of children in ancient Sirmium. In paleodemographic research, child mortality rate is an important element of a population?s progress. Child mortality is considered an adequate criterion for the social and sanitation conditions of a community and a sensitive indicator of inadequate nutrition.

Constructing the Knowledge Society

2014 ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
Li Wengang ◽  
Chen Yulai ◽  
Guo Jia
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Fresh Impetus ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
Opening Up

Since the Reform and Opening up in the late 1970s, China has been seeking an innovation-driven knowledge society. In the past decade, the central government and local governments took effective measures to quicken China's steps towards a knowledge society. In the recent 18th National Congress of the CPC, reform and innovation was highly emphasized to give fresh impetus to knowledge society building. Within the context of increasing globalization and Africa-China long-lasting friendship and cooperation, China and African countries can learn from each other in knowledge society construction. As the second largest economy in the world, China is playing an increasing role in knowledge society construction in Africa. Can Africa learn from China's experiences? This chapter provides some answers to this query.

scholarly journals Rethinking the message of the church in the 21st century: An amalgamation between science and religion

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk G. Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
Western World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Theological Training

Throughout its history, Christianity has stood in a dichotomous relation to the various philosophical movements or eras (pre-modernism, modernism, postmodernism and post-postmodernism) that took on different faces throughout history. In each period, it was the sciences that influenced, to a great extent, the interpretation and understanding of the Bible. Christianity, however, was not immune to influences, specifically those of the Western world. This essay reflects briefly on this dichotomy and the influence of Bultmann’s demythologising of the kerygma during the 20th century. Also, the remythologising (Vanhoozer) of the church’s message as proposed for the 21st century no more satisfies the critical Christian thinkers. The relationship between science and religion is revisited, albeit from a different perspective as established over the past two decades as to how the sciences have been pointed out more and more to complement theology. This article endeavours to evoke the church to consider the fundamental contributions of the sciences and how it is going to incorporate the sciences into its theological training and message to the world.

scholarly journals The Integrated Spatial Pattern of Child Mortality during the 2012–2016 Drought in La Guajira, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Far North ◽  
Single Indicator ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Spatial Indicators ◽  
Child Mortality Rate

The El Niño phenomenon in 2012 triggered a drought in La Guajira, Colombia that extended until 2016. In this period, the average child mortality rate in the area reached 23.4 out of 1000. The aim of this paper is to identify the integrated spatial pattern (ISP) of a single indicator in this case; child mortality. At the same time, the ISP identifies causes and priority areas for action. The socio-economic vulnerability (SEV) variables and spatial indicators related to child mortality were selected from the literature review and through meetings, workshops, and interviews with the affected community during fieldwork. Using correlation analysis and stepwise regression, the SEV variables with more accountability in child mortality during the drought were identified: Households with a monthly income of less than 100 USD, the number of people older than 65, and the number of people younger than 5 years old. Allocating weights to the SEV variables according to their degree of accountability in child mortality, its ISP has been identified. The far north of La Guajira was detected as the area most affected by child mortality and was, therefore, the priority zone for implementing actions focused on generating new sources of income.

Creating the Past: Schelling’s Ages of the World

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Welchman ◽  
Judith Norman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hegelian Dialectic ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
The Creation ◽  
To Receive

AbstractF.W.J. Schelling’s Ages of the World has just begun to receive the critical attention it deserves as a contribution to the philosophy of history. Its most significant philosophical move is to pose the question of the origin of the past itself, asking what “caused” the past. Schelling treats the past not as a past present (something that used to be a ’now’ but no longer is) — but rather as an eternal past, a different dimension of time altogether, and one that was never a present ’now’. For Schelling, the past functions as the transcendental ground of the present, the true ’a priori’. Schelling’s account of the creation of this past takes the form of a theogeny: in order to exist, God needed to separate the past from the present. By grounding the creation of the past in a free decision of God, Schelling tries to conceptualize temporality so as to preserve the sort of radical contingency and authentic freedom that he considers essential features of history. In so doing, he opens up a way of viewing time that avoids the pitfalls of the Hegelian dialectic and anticipates some of the 20th century developments in phenomenology.

But Can It Travel?

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Lisa H. Newton ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Double Effect ◽  
Doctrine Of Double Effect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Scrutiny

Since the traumas of the last quarter of the 20th century forced all professions into the light of public scrutiny, we have seen the destruction of the parochial boundaries of the ethical understandings of the past, and the development of a cosmopolitan professional ethics. It is now understood that we have to have an ethics that travels well, whose principles operate with equal force and plausibility in all disciplines. Without good passports, principles become locked into their own disciplines, Ethics as a subject loses its integrity, and every profession has an excellent reason to insist that “their” ethics have nothing to do with the rest of the world. Consideration of professional ethics as a whole shows that the general principles that we use travel very well indeed, and rapidly smokes out those that do not. “The Doctrine of Double Effect” is one of the non-travelers; from that fact we explore the possibility that the Doctrine is radically misconceived even in its home discipline of­medicine.

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