scholarly journals Tekstylia i pieczęcie. O relacjach pomiędzy produkcją włókienniczą a praktykami stemplowania w Grecji epoki brązu oraz o zupełnie nowych danych z odcisków glinianych pieczęci

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 111-135
Author(s):  
Agata Ulanowska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Textile Manufacturing ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence

This contribution discusses the evidence of textile impressions preserved on the undersides of clay sealings from Bronze Age Greece. A collection of modern casts taken from these sealings, stored in the Corpus der minoischen und mykenischen Siegel in Heidelberg, is currently being analyzed by the author. The assumed reliability of textile impressions as a source of knowledge about the qualities of actual textiles and raw materials used to produce them has been verified by a series of archaeological experiments and comparative analysis of modern raw materials of various origin. Results ofthe analysis of 199 casts from two Aegean sites: Lerna in Argolid and Phaistos on Crete, have provided new evidence for technical uses of textile and organic products in the daily storage routine and sealing practices, as well as for the specific parameters of threads, cords, and fabrics impressed on clay. Due to the relatively large number of textile imprints, it is possible, for the first time, to make site-specific comparisons of textile production on the basis of products and to tracktechnical developments in textile manufacturing throughout the Aegean Bronze Age.

Bronze Age Cremation Cemeteries in the East Midlands

1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol S. M. Allen ◽  
Mary Harman ◽  
Hazel Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Small Cluster ◽  
Linear Arrangement ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Probable Function ◽  
East Midlands ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
First Time ◽  
Organic Remains

Two Bronze Age cremation cemeteries excavated between 1968 and 1975 are reported and discussed. At Coneygre Farm, Notts., fifty-one cremations were excavated, thirty-one in pots, six in cists, and fourteen uncontained. Cremations were deposited in a roughly linear arrangement and no barrow was found. At Pasture Lodge Farm, Lincs., twenty-seven pots were found, of which twenty-five had associated cremations, and fifteen further sherds could represent burials. Vessels in this cemetery form a small cluster. Pottery from these two cemeteries is broadly similar to Deverel-Rimbury ware and with vessels from other sites in the region is considered to form an East Midlands group of Bronze Age pottery. Vessels of this type from Frieston and Grantham, Lincs., are illustrated for the first time. Examination of thin sections of the pottery from the two cemeteries suggests that most, although not all, of the materials used could have been found locally. Organic remains found in thin sections provide environmental information. The effect of soils on durability of pots and their probable function is discussed. A direct relationship is noticed for the first time between the age of the cremated individual and the capacity of the pot in which the cremation was deposited.

Ensuring energy efficiency of refrigeration piping

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
G.I. Petrov ◽  
V.N. Kornienko ◽  
A.G. Donetskikh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Materials Used

Improving energy efficiency and energy saving in refrigeration technology depends largely on the use of modern thermal insulation materials in the thermal insulation structures of refrigeration pipelines. The article presents a comparative analysis of the thermal characteristics and operational properties of heat-insulating materials used in refrigeration. The features of RUFLEX thermal insulation materials based on foamed synthetic rubber produced from domestic raw materials and their compliance with the requirements of energy efficiency, durability, operational reliability and safety are considered.

New evidence for the origins of textile production in Bronze Age Cyprus

Antiquity ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (292) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
New Evidence

A complete metal spindle in the Zintilis Collection sheds light on the type of spinning practised in the Early to Middle Cypriot Bronze Age. It also indicates the appearance of such spindles and the mounting of the whorls.

Reassessing Bronze Age Manufacturing Technologies at Nuzi

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Shortland ◽  
Katherine Eremin ◽  
Susanna Kirk ◽  
James Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Important Site

AbstractThe Hurrian city of Nuzi, in modern Iraq, was an important site during the Mesopotamian Bronze Age. Excavations in the late 20s and early 30s yielded a large and important assemblage of glass and other vitreous materials and smaller but significant assemblages of metals and ceramics. Although the vitreous materials have been widely studied in the past, the other assemblages have received little attention. However a recent study of some metal artifacts indicated the presence of brass and dirty copper rather than the expected bronze. This study was, however, limited to a few objects and the proportions of the different alloys was not investigated. Recent analytical studies on the glass beads have highlighted compositional differences between Egyptian and Mesopotamian glass and attempted to link these to the raw materials used. The lack of significant tin or zinc in glasses colored with copper is interesting given the presence of brass and the apparent scarcity of bronze in the copper alloys. The current study involves reassessment of the entire assemblage, concentrating initially on the vitreous materials, glazes and metals. Variations in preservation across the site and within individual buildings are currently being examined. Full characterization of the assemblages will allow relationships between different manufacturing technologies and the raw materials needed to be investigated.

THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PREPARED MIXTURES OF CRAMBE ABYSSINICA SEED OIL WITH MINERAL AND SYNTHETIC OIL

Tribologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 291 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Jolanta Drabik ◽  
Rafał Kozdrach ◽  
Marek Wolszczak ◽  
Jolanta Iłowska ◽  
Grzegorz Duszyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermooxidative Stability ◽  
Crambe Abyssinica ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Base Oils ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Antiwear Properties ◽  
Materials Used

The base oils must meet the high technical and ecological requirements for the raw materials used in the production of lubricants. The relevant useful properties can be obtained by mixing the vegetable oil with mineral or synthetic oil. The paper presents the results of tests of mixtures of oil obtained from Crambe Abyssinica seeds with mineral and synthetic oil. A variation of tested mixtures with regard to thermooxidative stability and antiwear properties were found. The mixtures with the most favourable properties were recommended as a base oils during the production of ecological lubricants.

Stone Axe-head Manufacture: New Evidence from the Preseli Hills, West Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 433-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. David ◽  
G. Williams ◽  
David Jenkins ◽  
Ian Rigby ◽  
Olwen Williams-Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Geochemical Analysis ◽  
Group Viii ◽  
Geological Origin ◽  
Thin Section Analysis ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Section Analysis

Fieldwork by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust during 1989–92 has identified clear evidence for the manufacture of stone axeheads at two locations on the eastern flanks of the Preseli Mountains, Dyfed: at Glyn-y-Fran, Llanfyrnach (SN 186 307) and near Glandy Cross (SN 143 266). At both sites, small quantities of lithic debris were collected from field surfaces after cultivation; unfortunately, no contemporaneous features were found by subsequent, very limited, trial trenching. In this report we describe the fieldwork at these two sites, and the resulting lithic collection, concluding that the latter represents evidence for small-scale and opportunistic exploitation of locally abundant erratics during the Neolithic. The Glandy Cross area was later a focus for the construction of ritual monuments during the Bronze Age, and there is also some evidence for continuing activity at Glyn-y-Fran at this time.Petrological thin section analysis of some of the artefacts is reported and demonstrates a probable identity with petrological Group VIII; geochemical analysis of some of the same artefacts places the likely geological origin of these at local igneous exposures also in the Preselis. These conclusions are reviewed in the light of current discussion on the usage and origins of raw materials in later prehistory.

scholarly journals Feasibility of UV-Vis Spectral Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometrics for Rapid Detection of Phyllanthus niruri Adulteration with Leucaena leucocephala

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1006
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rafi Mohamad Rafi ◽  
Bayu Nurcahyo Bayu Nurcahyo ◽  
Wulan Tri Wahyuni ◽  
Zulhan Arif ◽  
Dewi Anggraini Septaningsih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Standard Normal Variate ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Standard Normal ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
First Time ◽  
Absorbance Data

Phyllanthus niruri is widely used in Indonesia as immunostimulant. The morphology of Leucaena leucocephala leaves is similar to that of P. niruri leaves. L. leucocephala is easy to find and collect because it is widely distributed in the world. Therefore, it is likely P. niruri could be adulterated with L. leucocephala. Therefore, identification and authentication of P. niruri is important to ensure the raw materials used are original without any substitution or mixture with other similar plants causing inconsistencies in their efficacy. In this paper, we described feasibility used of UV-Vis spectral fingerprinting and chemometrics for rapid method for the identification and detection of P. niruri leaves adulterated with L. leucocephala leaves. UV-Vis spectra of samples measured in the interval of 200-800 nm and signal smoothing followed by standard normal variate were used for pre-processing the spectral data. Principal component analysis (PCA)with the absorbance data from the pre-processed UV-Vis spectra in the range of 250-700 nm as variables could distinguish P. niruri from L. leucocephala. PCA followed by discriminant analysis (DA) could successfully classified P. niruri mixed with 5, 25, and 50% L. luecocephala into their respective groups (96.81%). We also employed soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) for authentication of P. niruri and found that 88.3% of the samples were also correctly classified into their respective groups. A combination of UV-Vis spectroscopy with chemometrics, such as PCA-DA and SIMCA, were used for the first time for the identification and detection of P. niruri adulterated with L. leucocephala.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the main occupations working conditions in the copper production by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1443-1448
Author(s):  
Georgiy Ya. Lipatov ◽  
Ekaterina E. Shmakova ◽  
Vadim I. Adrianovskiy ◽  
Natalia V. Zlygosteva ◽  
Eduard G. Plotko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Copper Production ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Occupational Cancer ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method ◽  
First Time ◽  
Primary Materials

Introduction. The primary materials for copper production are sulfide copper-nickel and oxidized ores with a copper percentage of 1.5-4%, traditionally processed by the pyrometallurgical method. For processing depleted copper-containing raw materials (less than 1%), the pyrometallurgical approach is not commonly suitable. The introduced hydrometallurgical way differs by including in one production process, combined underground leaching of ore, extraction of copper from solution, and the following electrolysis. At the same time, insufficient attention is paid to the hydrometallurgical method of processing depleted copper raw materials from a hygienic standpoint in our country. Materials and methods. Based on the results of our research carried out at copper-smelting plants using pyro- and hydrometallurgical methods of processing raw materials, a comparative analysis was carried out for such indicators as the pollutants content in the workplaces’ air at different stages of production, predicted values of occupational cancer risks, toxicity indicators, and the health and essential physiological functions of workers. Results. Working under increased heat intensity in hot shops, exposure to sulfur-containing gases and industrial aerosols leads to significant changes in hemodynamics and thermoregulation stress in workers. In the hydrometallurgical production of copper, the only occupational hazard exceeding hygienic standards is sulfuric acid vapours, and changes in physiological parameters and thermoregulation are insignificant. The predicted values of occupational cancer risk for hydrometallurgical machines operators exceed the acceptable level after 9-10 years of working experience. For smelters, an unacceptable level of risk is achieved with up to 5 years of working experience. Conclusion. For the first time in the country, a hygienic assessment of the hydrometallurgical method of processing depleted copper raw materials was proved to be the only appropriate method of improving working conditions in copper production.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN CHUVASHIA IN 1929–1934

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Kazantseva ◽  
Oleg N. Shirokov
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Textile Production ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
First Time

The issue of accelerated USSR modernization at the regional level is understudied in the historical science. The evolvement of the industrial complex of the textile industry in Chuvashia is reinterpreted taking into account archival documents that are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The article deals with the evolvement of the industrial complex of the textile industry in Chuvashia in 1929–1934. The purpose of the article is to provide insight into the problems connected with the evolvement of ChASSR textile industry enterprises within the framework of industrialization. The author analyzes the development of light industry enterprises of national standing in the region and the formation of regular labor force, textile production and the main problems faced by the regional leadership during forced modernization. The documents of the State historical archive of the Chuvash Republic were used as a source base. The period from1929 to 1932 is marked by transition to the planned management of the ChASSR textile industry and implementation of all standards for the delivery of agricultural raw materials. In 1932–1934 the People’s Commissariat of light industry of the ChASSR together with the Nizhny Novgorod region launched linen-scutching plants of national standing, which could become a technical basis with qualified specialists for the modernization of the regional textile industry. The article concludes that accelerated transformations in the textile industry took place without taking into account local characteristics. In the region there were no large enterprises of the textile industry, on the basis of which the leadership of the region could carry out forced modernization with minimal financial costs.

ON THE PROCESSING OF HEMATITE RAW MATERIALS AT THE KRYVOROZHSK MINING AND PROCESSING PLANT OF OXIDIZED ORE ON TECHNOLOGY OF DIRECT RECOVERY ITmk3

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
P.I. Loboda ◽  
Younes Razaz ◽  
S. Grishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
High Iron ◽  
Direct Restoration ◽  
First Time

Purpose. To substantiate the efficiency of processing hematite raw materials at the Krivoy Rog Mining and Processing Plant of Oxidized Ores using the direct reduction technology itmk3®. Metodology. Analysis of the results of the itmk3® direct restoration technology developed by Kobe Steel Ltd., Japan and Hares Engineering GmbX, Austria, with a view to using it to process Krivbass hematite ores into granulated iron (so-called “nuggets”). Findings. The involvement in the production of hematite ores (oxidized quartzite) of Krivbass with high iron content, but with low magnetic properties for their processing into granular cast iron is grounded. Originality. The use of itmk3® direct reduction technology from Kobe Steel Ltd., Japan and Hares Engineering GmbH, Austria for the processing of Krivbass hematite ores into granular cast iron is justified for the first time. Practical value. The efficiency of the use of hematite ores (oxidized quartzite) has been substantiated, which can significantly reduce the costs in the mining cycle for the economical production of metallurgical products.

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