scholarly journals PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. In the Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). Approaches to solving the problem of organ and tissue transplantation in the USSR and abroad (1967)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-197
Author(s):  
S. P. Glyantsev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Tissue Transplantation ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
The Right ◽  
Union Conference ◽  
Unambiguous Conclusion

Analysis of the materials of the 2nd All-Union conference on the problem of tissue incompatibility, conservation and transplantation of tissues and organs (Odessa, 1967) showed that Soviet and foreign scientists had similar approaches to solving the problem of organ and tissue transplantation. Soviet scientists spoke about overcoming tissue incompatibility by hybridization of plants and chimerization of animals, about the effect of drug sleep on transplant immunity, about neurohumoral immunological shifts and the role of the central and peripheral nervous systems in the engraftment of grafts, about the influence of external factors on immunity. They also discussed the characterization of the antigenic structure of grafts, the role of DNA in immunity, the genetic transformation of homomaterial, the use of pharmacological agents to suppress immunogenesis, the cryopreservation of auto- and homo-organs and tissues with perfusion of their vascular bed, and the study of immunogenesis at the molecular level. A year earlier, the Americans discussed immunological paralysis, the effect on the recipient's immunity of the donor's blood transfused to him and its components, and biochemical studies of immunity. At the same time, without any ethical doubts, American scientists conducted experiments, including clinical ones, with multiple passages of homosexual skin, with exchange transfusion of blood to newborns and subsequent transplantation of homosexual donors to them, with irradiation of recipients with powerful doses of X-rays. It is shown that most of the trends that had been developed by V.P. Demikhov, were approved by the 2nd All-Union Conference. But what he lacked was close and comprehensive integration with morphologists, physiologists, immunologists, biochemists, pharmacologists and, sadly, with clinical surgeons. Based on the research conducted, an unambiguous conclusion can be drawn: Soviet scientists should not have criticized V.P. Demikhov for his "misunderstanding" of immunology, and to help him in every possible way, directing his energy in the right direction.

Digital x-ray mapping of nanometer-size supported bimetallic catalysts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
L. T. Germinario
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Induced Changes

Understanding the role of metal cluster composition in determining catalytic selectivity and activity is of major interest in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron microscope is well established as a powerful tool for ultrastructural and compositional characterization of support and catalyst. Because the spatial resolution of x-ray microanalysis is defined by the smallest beam diameter into which the required number of electrons can be focused, the dedicated STEM with FEG is the instrument of choice. The main sources of errors in energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) are: (1) beam-induced changes in specimen composition, (2) specimen drift, (3) instrumental factors which produce background radiation, and (4) basic statistical limitations which result in the detection of a finite number of x-ray photons. Digital beam techniques have been described for supported single-element metal clusters with spatial resolutions of about 10 nm. However, the detection of spurious characteristic x-rays away from catalyst particles produced images requiring several image processing steps.

scholarly journals On the financial sustainability of earnings-related pension schemes with ‘pay-as-you-go’ financing and the role of government-indexed bonds

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID A. ROBALINO ◽  
ANDRÁS BODOR
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

AbstractIn this paper we reconsider the idea of an earnings-related pension system with reserves invested in indexed government bonds as a mechanism to both ensure financial sustainability and improve security. The paper starts by reviewing the characterization of the sustainable rate of return of an earnings-related pension system with pay-as-you-go financing. We show that current proxies for the sustainable rate, including the Swedish ‘gyroscope’, are not stable and propose an alternative measure that depends on the growth of the buffer-stock and the pay-as-you-go asset. Using a simple one-sector macroeconomic model that embeds a notional account pension system we then show how GDP-indexed government bonds, if combined with the right measure for the sustainable rate of return on contributions, could be used to generate a sustainable and secure earnings-related pension system, without becoming a fiscal burden. The proposal is particularly attractive for countries considering reforms to earnings-related systems that have accumulated a large implicit pension debt. In this case, the government bonds allow the financing of this debt in a transparent way. The proposed mechanism can also facilitate the transition to a fully funded pension system when the government bonds are allowed to be traded.

Protein Fibrillar Nanopolymers: Molecular-Level Insights into Their Structural, Physical and Mechanical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriya M. Trusova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Generic Class ◽  
Protein Fibril

Amyloid fibrils represent a generic class of mechanically strong and stable biomaterials with extremely advantageous properties. Although amyloids were initially associated only with severe neurological disorders, the role of these structures nowadays is shifting from health debilitating to highly beneficial both in biomedical and technological aspects. Intensive involvement of fibrillar assemblies into the wide range of pathogenic and functional processes strongly necessitate the molecular level characterization of the structural, physical and elastic features of protein nanofibrils. In the present contribution, we made an attempt to highlight the up-to-date progress in the understanding of amyloid properties from the polymer physics standpoint. The fundamental insights into protein fibril behavior are essential not only for development of therapeutic strategies to combat the protein misfolding disorders but also for rational and precise design of novel biodegradable protein-based nanopolymers.

Abortion

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-230
Author(s):  
Sandra Fredman
Keyword(s):  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

——Chapter seven examines abortion. A comparative approach reveals the pivotal role of the characterization of relevant rights. Is this an issue of the right to life, to privacy, or to equality? Running through these issues are the cross-cutting themes identified above, particularly the interaction between legislatures and courts. Section II demonstrates that legislatures and courts interact in different ways. In some jurisdictions, courts have struck down legislation prohibiting abortion; while in others, courts have done the reverse and invalidated legislation providing a right to abortiofn. In a third group, courts and legislatures have worked together, either to cement prohibitions, or to protect the right to abortion. Section III examines the right to life in relation to abortion; section IV considers privacy; while section V examines equality. Section VI assesses third-party rights, and particularly the ways in which conscientious objection is dealt with in different jurisdictions.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE REVITALIZATION OF MORIBOND ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Fanisi Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
The Right

Human resources management plays a significant role in the actualization of organizational goals. It provides the organisation with various strategies and design policies to sustain the organisation. Aside from its known general purposes of getting the right sets of people with acquired skills and knowledge to man strategic positions that will ease the flow of work, it is also of great importance to the survival of existing businesses and resuscitation of failed businesses. It is suggested that human resources management plays substantial role in the revitalization of failed entities therefore this paper x-rays its input in the entire processes.

scholarly journals Compensatory hypertrophy of the untreated ovary after unilateral X-ray sterilisation

1929 ◽  
Vol 105 (734) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Right

The technique of sterilising one ovary and allowing the other ovary to remain untreated was originally evolved (Parkes, 8) in order to make possible the accurate study of the rôle of the corpus luteum during pregnancy and lactation. Early in the experiments, however, it was noticed that litters from such unilaterally sterilised mice approximated closely to the normal size. It was later found that, with one ovary sterilised by X-rays, the other ovary undergoes true compensatory hypertrophy, such as has been observed by many authors to follow unilateral or sub-total ovariotomy (1, 4, 5, 6). Since the facts appeared to be of interest from the point of view of the mechanism of compensatory hypertrophy, the experiments on the corpus luteum were so arranged as to permit of collecting the data required to demonstrate hypertrophy of the reamining ovary. II.— Methods and Material . Sterilisation Technique .—The method of carrying out these unilateral irradiations has been described elsewhere (Parkes, 8) and it need only be said here that irradiation took place at 4 weeks old, and that in every case the right ovary was exposed, while the left was protected.

scholarly journals Advanced Tracers in PET Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesen Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Hua Wu ◽  
Gang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Noninvasive Detection ◽  
Objective Monitoring ◽  
Positron Emission

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Molecular imaging with targeted tracers by positron emission tomography (PET) allows for the noninvasive detection and characterization of biological changes at the molecular level, leading to earlier disease detection, objective monitoring of therapies, and better prognostication of cardiovascular diseases progression. Here we review, the current role of PET in cardiovascular disease, with emphasize on tracers developed for PET imaging of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Sequencing Analysis of Small RNAs Derived from Coleus Blumei Viroids

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Dong-Mei Jiang ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Shi-Fang Li ◽  
Zhi-Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Primary Sequence ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Coleus Blumei ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

Characterization of viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) is important to understand viroid–host interactions; however, vd-sRNAs belonging to the genus Coleviroid are yet to be identified and characterized. Herein, we used coleus plants singly infected with coleus blumei viroid (CbVd)-1, -5, or -6 and doubly infected with CbVd-1 and -5 to identify and analyze their vd-sRNAs. We found sense and antisense vd-sRNAs for CbVd-1, -5 and -6, and 22-nt vd-sRNAs were the most abundant; moreover, the 5′-terminal nucleotides (nts) of CbVd-1, -5, and -6 were biased toward U and C, and sRNAs derived from these three viroids were unevenly distributed along their genomes. We also noted that CbVd-5 and -6 share a fragment that forms the right half of the rod-like secondary structure of these viroids, which implied that they generated almost the same type of vd-sRNAs. This finding indicated that vd-sRNA biogenesis is mainly determined by the primary sequence of their substrates. More importantly, we found two complementary vd-sRNAs (22 nt) that were generated from the central conserved region (CCR) of these three viroids, suggesting an important role of CCR in vd-sRNA biogenesis. In conclusion, our results provide novel insight into the biogenesis of vd-sRNAs and the biological roles of CCR.

scholarly journals Rapamycin induces autophagy and increases heat tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Willot ◽  
Andre du Toit ◽  
John S. Terblanche ◽  
Ben Loos
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Protein Aggregates ◽  
Thermal Acclimation ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Autophagic Process

Autophagy is a physiological process that facilitates the recycling of intracellular cytosolic components as a response to diverse stressful conditions. By increasing the turnover of damaged structures and clearance of long-lived and larger protein aggregates, the induction of autophagy increases tolerance to abiotic stress in a range of organisms. However, the contribution of this process to heat-tolerance of insect models remains poorly studied to date. Here, we report that rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster induces autophagy in flies, which in turn correlates with an increase in heat tolerance and quicker recovery from heat-coma. This confirms the potentially important role of the autophagic process in heat tolerance mechanisms in this organism, opening the path to further characterization of its relationship to thermal acclimation and molecular level processes related to stress.

scholarly journals Variants in MHY7 Gene Cause Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Valentina Ferradini ◽  
Luca Parca ◽  
Annamaria Martino ◽  
Chiara Lanzillo ◽  
Elisa Silvetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Mutation Screening ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Custom Panel ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Silico Analyses

Background: Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a disease of the cardiac muscle, characterized by frequent ventricular arrhythmias and functional/ structural abnormalities, mainly of the right ventricle. To date, 20 different genes have been associated with ACM and the majority of them encode for desmosomal proteins. In this study, we describe the characterization of two novel variants in MHY7 gene, segregating in two ACM families. MYH7 encodes for myosin heavy chain β (MHC-β) isoform, involved in cardiac muscle contractility. Method and Results: In family A, the autopsy revealed ACM with biventricular involvement in both the proband and his father. In family B, the proband had been diagnosed as affected by ACM and implanted with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), due to ECG evidence of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia after syncope. After clinical evaluation, a molecular diagnosis was performed using a NGS custom panel. The two novel variants identified predicted damaging, located in a highly conserved domain: c. 2630T>C is not described while c.2609G>A has a frequency of 0.00000398. In silico analyses evaluated the docking characteristics between proteins using the Haddock2.2 webserver. Conclusions: Our results reveal two variants in sarcomeric genes to be the molecular cause of ACM, further increasing the genetic heterogeneity of the disease; in fact, sarcomeric variants are usually associated with HCM phenotype. Studies on the role of sarcomere genes in the pathogenesis of ACM are surely recommended in those ACM patients negative for desmosomal mutation screening.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document