scholarly journals Performance Assessment of a Sulphur Recovery Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ibrahim AY
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Reactor ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Recovery Unit ◽  
Claus Reactor ◽  
Sulphur Recovery ◽  
Refinery Plant

A refinery plant in the middle east started its official production in 2020. All the refinery plant acidic gas is fed to the Sulphur recovery unit plant to produce sulphur and prevent any acidic emissions against environmental regulations. The Sulphur recovery unit was simulated via special package named SULSIM. The results were validated, then the simulation was used in case studies to understand some important parameters of Sulphur recovery plants. The effect of decreasing the combustion air inlet temperature, the effect of decreasing the Claus reactor 1 inlet temperature and the effect of decreasing the thermal reactor feed were studied. Decreasing combustion air outlet temperature on the thermal reactor decreases the thermal reactor burning temperature, increases the concentration of COS and CS 2 by-products. Decreasing Catalytic reactor 1 inlet temperature decreases the hydrolysis reactions of COS and CS 2 but increases the Sulphur conversion efficiency. Decreasing AAG feed to the thermal reactor decreases the waste heat boiler duty.

Sulfidation Rate Prediction on Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints in a Waste Heat Boiler in a Sulphur Plant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Ju ◽  
Allen Miller ◽  
Simon Yuen ◽  
Brian Tkachyk
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Metal Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Alternative Design ◽  
Rate Prediction ◽  
Side Face ◽  
Sulphur Recovery

Sulfidation corrosion of the carbon steel tubes at the tube-to-tubesheet joint often governs the life of waste heat boilers in sulphur recovery plants. Conventional tube joints typically have a welded joint located at the hot-side face of the tubesheet. An alternative design involves welding the tubesheet joint at the cold-side face of the tubesheet, close to the boiler feed water. The alternative design also employs stainless steel cladding on the tubesheet face and a tube-hole sleeve selectively at high-temperature locations. Finite element heat transfer analysis is used to establish the thermal profiles of the conventional and the alternative designs. From the worked example, the alternative design provided a lower metal temperature by approximately 80 °F at the joint, as compared to the conventional tube joint. Sulfidation rate prediction based on a sample gas composition using ASSET (Alloy Selection System for Elevated Temperatures) Software predicts that the alternative design can reduce the sulfidation rate by 35% because of the lower metal temperature.

Research on Biological Materials with Optimization of Spray Drying Walnut Antioxidant Polypeptide Using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Shuai Wu ◽  
Chu Yu Guan ◽  
Guo Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the spray drying process for walnut polypeptide, which were hydrolyzed by papain and trypsin. Air inlet temperature, air outlet temperature and feed concentration as well as cross-interaction among these factors exhibited a significant effect on collection rate and DPPH scavenging activity of walnut polypeptide powder. Results showed that the optimal drying parameters were air inlet temperature of 172℃, air outlet temperature of 88℃ and feed concentration of 23 %. The observed collection rate and DPPH scavenging activity of polypeptide powder under the optimal conditions was up to 91.28 % and 76.33 %, respectively, which was consistent with the predicted result.

Combining CFD Derived Information and Thermodynamic Analyses to Investigate Waste Heat Boiler Characteristics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. McGuffie ◽  
Michael A. Porter ◽  
Dennis H. Martens ◽  
Michael J. Demskie
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Thermal Reactor ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Shell Side ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
Operational Guidance

A series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and numerical analyses were performed to investigate operational characteristics in a sulfur recovery unit waste heat boiler (WHB). Similar analyses of WHBs have been reported by the authors (Porter et. al. [1, 2]). The initial focus for the current investigation was to determine the reason for metal loss on the inside of the tube. This required extending the focus of the previous analyses that concerned a) the departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) leading to critical tube temperatures, and b) the downstream fluxes and temperatures from the inlet ferrule, to also investigate high inside surface temperatures of the tubes caused by shell-side tube outer diameter (OD) fouling. The results of the investigations were combined to provide future operational guidance for the boiler. As in the previously reported analyses, CFD submodels of the WHB process-side inlet were constructed and analyzed to determine the fluxes and temperatures that occur during several operational conditions. Queried results of these analyses were combined with the WHB’s historical operational data to predict the nominal operational temperatures, and associated corrosion rates on the inner diameter (ID) of the tube. A second set of submodels was used to determine inside tube operating temperatures resulting from external fouling. The queried results of these analyses were combined, using an expansion of standard thermodynamic analysis techniques, to study possible fouling regimes based on the standard fouling growth equation. Additionally, a 3-dimensional CFD analysis was conducted on the shell-side of the boiler. This analysis allowed the determination of the margin of safety (MOS) from a fall-off-the-cliff (FOC) event [1]. The results of the submodels, numerical analyses and the 3D shell-side analysis of the boiler were combined to determine operational limit curves for the boiler that were based on measurable process parameters including mass flow rate and thermal reactor temperature. It should be noted that the procedures and analyses detailed in this paper do not comprise the complete analyses performed to qualify the past performance of the boiler and to determine future boiler operational limits. Additionally, due to the proprietary nature of the investigations, the specific numerical values related to the boiler’s operation are not presented. Only the derivation of the equations and logic associated with the investigation and the derivation of operational guidance are given. Complete engineering to determine these limits requires additional analyses not detailed in this paper.

scholarly journals Investigating Solid and Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification Options for Room Air-Conditioning and Drying Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10582
Author(s):  
B. Kiran Naik ◽  
Mullapudi Joshi ◽  
Palanisamy Muthukumar ◽  
Muhammad Sultan ◽  
Takahiko Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification

This study reports on the investigation of the performance of single and two-stage liquid and solid desiccant dehumidification systems and two-stage combined liquid and solid desiccant dehumidification systems with reference to humid climates. The research focus is on a dehumidification system capacity of 25 kW designed for room air conditioning application using the thermal models reported in the literature. RD-type silica gel and LiCl are used as solid and liquid desiccant materials, respectively. In this study, the application of proposed system for deep drying application is also explored. Condensation rate and moisture removal efficiency are chosen as performance parameters for room air conditioning application, whereas air outlet temperature is chosen as performance parameter for deep drying application. Further, for a given range of operating parameters, influences of air inlet humidity ratio, flow rate, and inlet temperature on performance parameters of the systems are investigated. In humid climatic conditions, it has been observed that a two-stage liquid desiccant dehumidification system is more effective for room air conditioning application, and two-stage solid desiccant dehumidification system is more suitable for deep drying application in the temperature range of 50 to 70 °C, while single-stage solid desiccant and two-stage combined liquid and solid desiccant dehumidification systems are more effective for low temperature, i.e., 30 to 50 °C deep drying application.

scholarly journals Study on the performance of Double-pipe phase heat exchangers in waste heat recovery with heat storage and discharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2076 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Quanying Yan ◽  
Yuan Guo ◽  
Chao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Double Pipe

Abstract The heat transfer performance of the double-pipe phase change heat storage and exothermic device and its cycle system for waste heat recovery was studied experimentally. 10 different experimental conditions were set by adjusting the inlet temperature, inlet flow rate and heat storage time of the phase change heat storage and exothermic device to study the changes of the outlet temperature, heat exchange and the inlet and outlet temperature of the heat sink of the heat-using device. The experimental results show that the higher the inlet temperature, the higher the flow rate and the longer the heat storage time, the higher the average heat exchange and the longer the heat release time of the heat exchanging device. The phase heat exchanger designed and used in this experimental research provides a certain experimental basis and data reference, which can be used for waste heat recovery in industrial and other fields.

scholarly journals Design of SRU Thermal Reactor and Waste Heat Boiler Considering Recombination Reactions

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Manenti ◽  
D. Papasidero ◽  
F. Manenti ◽  
G. Bozzano ◽  
S. Pierucci
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Reactor ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Recombination Reactions

The Effects of Parameters on HRSG Thermodynamic Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Cui Feng ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Yan Ling Wu ◽  
Shui Guang Tong
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Steam Pressure ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Pinch Point ◽  
Water Steam

Changes of inlet temperature, mass flow rate and composition of flue gas, or of water/steam pressure and temperature in heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), all will modify the amount of waste heat recovered from flue gas; this brings forward a desire for the optimization of the design of HRSG. For single pressure HRSGs with given structures and specified values of inlet temperature, mass flow rate and composition of flue gas, the steam mass flow rate and gas outlet temperature of the HRSG are analyzed as functions of several parameters. This analysis is based on the laws of thermodynamics, incorporated into the energy balance equations for the heat exchangers. Those parameters are superheated steam pressure and temperature, feedwater temperature and pinch point temperature difference. It was shown that the gas outlet temperature could be lowered by selecting appropriate water/steam parameters and pinch point temperature difference. While operating with the suggested parameters, the HRSG can generate more high-quality steam, a fact of great significance for waste heat recovery from wider ranges of sources for better energy conservation.

scholarly journals Implementation of P-Controller in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation of a Pilot Scale Outlet Temperature Controlled Spray Dryer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Afshar ◽  
Hasan Jubaer ◽  
Lloyd Metzger ◽  
Hasmukh Patel ◽  
Cordelia Selomulya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
State University ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Temperature Controlled

Most of the CFD simulations of spray dryers reported in the literature utilizes a fixed air inlet temperature numerical framework.  In this paper, a numerical framework was introduced to model spray drying as an outlet air temperature controlled process.  A P-controller numerical framework was introduced which allows the inlet temperature to be automatically adjusted based on the required outlet temperature set point.  This numerical framework was evaluated with a simulation of a two-stage pilot scale spray drying system at the Davis Dairy Plant (South Dakota State University) which is used for commercial contract spray drying operation. Keywords: CFD simulation; Multi-Stage Spray Drying; P-Controller 

scholarly journals Performance Monitoring of a Sulphur Recovery Unit: A Real Start- up Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ibrahim AY
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Simulation Validation ◽  
Recovery Unit ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Claus Reactor ◽  
Sulphur Recovery

A Sulphur recovery unit at a refining plant in the Middle East, which began official production in 2020, treats all acid gas to elemental Sulphur. Acid gas cannot be released into the atmosphere because of stringent environmental regulations. To test some essential parameters, the plant was simulated using a special Sulphur package in HYSYS called SULSIM. One of the most critical keys, the (H 2 S/SO 2 ) ratio, was checked after simulation validation. The optimal ratio is 2. Any deviation from this ratio results in serious issues in the process, such as catalyst ageing in the reactors. The effect of reducing the ratio from 2 to 0.22 was investigated in a case study. The temperature of the reduction reactor's outlet rose from 279.73 o C to 314.34 o C, which was higher than normal. The performance of the catalyst was measured on six separate days. The temperature difference and the pressure difference through the bed are the two most important parameters in catalyst monitoring. The ΔT designs for the first Claus reactor, second Claus reactor, and Reduction reactor are 51, 20 and 24 o C, respectively. 0.04, 0.14, and 0.04 kg/cm 2 g are the ΔP designs in the first Claus reactor, second Claus reactor, and Reduction reactor, respectively. The actual parameters were found to be in the normal range. Sulphur production is calculated in two ways: by the level of the Sulphur production tank and by calculating the material balance by laboratory analysis. Based on a comparison in four days the calculations are precise because of the levels, and large deviations are revealed by laboratory analysis. The percentage deviation error was found to be (-36.4, 70.7, -7.6, -10.5) percent by the laboratory analysis.

Thermodynamic Study on the Performance of Suction Cooling and Regenerative Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niu Limin ◽  
Zheng Qun
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermodynamic Study ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Exhaust Waste Heat ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
Cycle Temperature

A suction cooling and regenerative gas turbine plant is proposed in this paper. The power plant is composed of a single-stage absorption-type refrigerator (with an air cooler for suction cooling) and a regenerative gas turbine. Better performance is obtained with the decrease of air inlet temperature, or the increase of cycle temperature ratio and with careful balance of exhaust waste heat between the regenerator and the evaporator of the refrigerator. The results of thermodynamic study indicate that the compound power plant is of significant efficiency and output power, in addition, it is not so sensitive to ambient temperature as simple cycle gas turbine.

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