scholarly journals Implementation of P-Controller in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation of a Pilot Scale Outlet Temperature Controlled Spray Dryer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Afshar ◽  
Hasan Jubaer ◽  
Lloyd Metzger ◽  
Hasmukh Patel ◽  
Cordelia Selomulya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
State University ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Temperature Controlled

Most of the CFD simulations of spray dryers reported in the literature utilizes a fixed air inlet temperature numerical framework.  In this paper, a numerical framework was introduced to model spray drying as an outlet air temperature controlled process.  A P-controller numerical framework was introduced which allows the inlet temperature to be automatically adjusted based on the required outlet temperature set point.  This numerical framework was evaluated with a simulation of a two-stage pilot scale spray drying system at the Davis Dairy Plant (South Dakota State University) which is used for commercial contract spray drying operation. Keywords: CFD simulation; Multi-Stage Spray Drying; P-Controller 

Research on Biological Materials with Optimization of Spray Drying Walnut Antioxidant Polypeptide Using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
Yan Ma ◽  
Shuai Wu ◽  
Chu Yu Guan ◽  
Guo Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the spray drying process for walnut polypeptide, which were hydrolyzed by papain and trypsin. Air inlet temperature, air outlet temperature and feed concentration as well as cross-interaction among these factors exhibited a significant effect on collection rate and DPPH scavenging activity of walnut polypeptide powder. Results showed that the optimal drying parameters were air inlet temperature of 172℃, air outlet temperature of 88℃ and feed concentration of 23 %. The observed collection rate and DPPH scavenging activity of polypeptide powder under the optimal conditions was up to 91.28 % and 76.33 %, respectively, which was consistent with the predicted result.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation ofβ-Carotene by Spray Drying: Effect of Wall Material Concentration and Drying Inlet Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz C. Corrêa-Filho ◽  
Maria M. Lourenço ◽  
Margarida Moldão-Martins ◽  
Vítor D. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Carotenoids are a class of natural pigments found mainly in fruits and vegetables. Among them,β-carotene is regarded the most potent precursor of vitamin A. However, it is susceptible to oxidation upon exposure to oxygen, light, and heat, which can result in loss of colour, antioxidant activity, and vitamin activity. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the microencapsulation process ofβ-carotene by spray drying, using arabic gum as wall material, to protect it against adverse environmental conditions. This was carried out using the response surface methodology coupled to a central composite rotatable design, evaluating simultaneously the effect of drying air inlet temperature (110-200°C) and the wall material concentration (5-35%) on the drying yield, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and antioxidant activity. In addition, morphology and particles size distribution were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy images have shown that the particles were microcapsules with a smooth surface when produced at the higher drying temperatures tested, most of them having a diameter lower than 10μm. The conditions that enabled obtaining simultaneously arabic gum microparticles with higherβ-carotene content, higher encapsulation efficiency, and higher drying yield were a wall material concentration of 11.9% and a drying inlet temperature of 173°C. The systematic approach used for the study ofβ-carotene microencapsulation process by spray drying using arabic gum may be easily applied for other core and wall materials.

Optimization for Powder Yield of Spray-Dried Garlic Extract Powder Using Box-Behnken Experimental Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 301-306
Author(s):  
Nattakanwadee Khumpirapang ◽  
Supreeya Srituptim ◽  
Worawut Kriangkrai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Feed Flow Rate ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Liquid Feed

Garlic exerts its pharmacological activities; antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemia, antihypercholesterolemic, and antihypertensive activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine and optimize the influence of the individual and interactive effect of process conditions variables on the yield of garlic extract powders by three factors and three level-Box-Behnken design under response surface methodology. Spray drying processes the transformation of a garlic juice extract into a dried powder, where usually maltodextrin (MD) as a drying agent is used. According to experimental design, the mixing of garlic juice extract (85 – 95 %w/w) and MD (5 – 15 %w/w) were dried at an air inlet temperature 110°C - 150°C and liquid feed flow rate 5 – 35 rpm. The optimum spray-drying process conditions which maximized the yield of garlic extract powder (31%w/w) were found as follows: air inlet temperature of 150°C, the liquid feed flow rate of 16 rpm, and 5 %w/w MD. The experimental values slightly closed to the corresponding predicted values. Hence, the developed model was adequate and possible to use.

scholarly journals Modified taro starch as alternative encapsulant for microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum SU-LS 36

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
R. Haryo Bimo Setiarto ◽  
Harsi Dewantari Kusumaningrum ◽  
Betty Sri Laksmi Jenie ◽  
Tatik Khusniati ◽  
Sulistiani Sulistiani
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Moisture Treatment ◽  
Encapsulated Bacteria ◽  
Optimal Protection

Taro starch was modified and used as an alternative encapsulant for the microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum SU-LS 36 by spray drying. Modification of taro starch was conducted by heat moisture treatment (HMT) and 2 autoclaving-cooling cycles (AC-2C). Microencapsulation of L. plantarum SU-LS 36 by spray dryer was done at constant air inlet (125 °C) and outlet temperature (50 °C), feed flow rate (4 mL min<sup>–1</sup>), drying air flow rate (20 m3 h<sup>–1</sup>) and air pressure (0.196 MPa). The modified taro starch AC-2C as an encapsulant material was able to produce round-shaped microcapsules and provided optimal protection during spray drying. The modified taro starch AC-2C is very promising to be used as an encapsulant for L. plantarum SU-LS36 since it showed better production yield (40.19%), high encapsulation efficiency (89.83%), protected the encapsulated bacteria from high temperature (70 °C), and showed the lowest viability decreasing during storage up to 6 weeks at room temperature.

Survival of Listeria monocytogenes During the Manufacture and Storage of Nonfat Dry Milk

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 740-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL P. DOYLE ◽  
LOUISE M. MESKE ◽  
ELMER H. MARTH
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Dry Milk ◽  
Nonfat Dry Milk ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Moisture Resistant

The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to survive in skim milk during spray drying and to persist in nonfat dry milk during storage was examined. Concentrated (30% solids) and unconcentrated skim milks were inoculated with ca. 105 to 106 L. monocytogenes/ml and spray dried (inlet temperature, 165 ± 2°C; outlet temperature 67 ± 2°C) to a moisture content of 3.6 to 6.4%. The nonfat dry milk was packaged in moisture-resistant film and stored at 25°C for up to 16 wk. A reduction of ca. 1 to 1.5 log10 L. monocytogenes/g occurred during the spray drying process, irrespective of whether the milk was concentrated or not before spray drying. The organism progressively died during storage at 25°C, with a &gt;4-log10 CFU/g decrease occurring within 16 wk of storage.

scholarly journals Process Optimization and Upscaling of Spray-Dried Drug-Amino acid Co-Amorphous Formulations

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Kasten ◽  
Íris Duarte ◽  
Maria Paisana ◽  
Korbinian Löbmann ◽  
Thomas Rades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Drying Chamber

The feasibility of upscaling the formulation of co-amorphous indomethacin-lysine from lab-scale to pilot-scale spray drying was investigated. A 22 full factorial design of experiments (DoE) was employed at lab scale. The atomization gas flow rate (Fatom, from 0.5 to 1.4 kg/h) and outlet temperature (Tout, from 55 to 75 °C) were chosen as the critical process parameters. The obtained amorphization, glass transition temperature, bulk density, yield, and particle size distribution were chosen as the critical quality attributes. In general, the model showed low Fatom and high Tout to be beneficial for the desired product characteristics (a co-amorphous formulation with a low bulk density, high yield, and small particle size). In addition, only a low Fatom and high Tout led to the desired complete co-amorphization, while a minor residual crystallinity was observed with the other combinations of Fatom and Tout. Finally, upscaling to a pilot scale spray dryer was carried out based on the DoE results; however, the drying gas flow rate and the feed flow rate were adjusted to account for the different drying chamber geometries. An increased likelihood to achieve complete amorphization, because of the extended drying chamber, and hence an increased residence time of the droplets in the drying gas, was found in the pilot scale, confirming the feasibility of upscaling spray drying as a production technique for co-amorphous systems.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of a Sulphur Recovery Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ibrahim AY
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Reactor ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Recovery Unit ◽  
Claus Reactor ◽  
Sulphur Recovery ◽  
Refinery Plant

A refinery plant in the middle east started its official production in 2020. All the refinery plant acidic gas is fed to the Sulphur recovery unit plant to produce sulphur and prevent any acidic emissions against environmental regulations. The Sulphur recovery unit was simulated via special package named SULSIM. The results were validated, then the simulation was used in case studies to understand some important parameters of Sulphur recovery plants. The effect of decreasing the combustion air inlet temperature, the effect of decreasing the Claus reactor 1 inlet temperature and the effect of decreasing the thermal reactor feed were studied. Decreasing combustion air outlet temperature on the thermal reactor decreases the thermal reactor burning temperature, increases the concentration of COS and CS 2 by-products. Decreasing Catalytic reactor 1 inlet temperature decreases the hydrolysis reactions of COS and CS 2 but increases the Sulphur conversion efficiency. Decreasing AAG feed to the thermal reactor decreases the waste heat boiler duty.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation Quality and Efficiency of Lactobacillus casei by Spray Drying Using Maltodextrin and Vegetable Extracts

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Hernández-Carranza ◽  
Aurelio López-Malo ◽  
Maria-Teresa Jiménez-Munguía
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Grapefruit Peel ◽  
Drying Conditions

<p>Survival and quality efficiency of <em>Lactobacillus casei </em>microencapsulated by spray drying using different vegetable extracts (asparagus, artichoke, orange or grapefruit peel) were evaluated. Aqueous suspensions of the vegetable extracts with or without maltodextrin (adjusting to 25% w/w) were prepared for the microencapsulation of <em>L. casei</em>. The evaluated spray drying conditions were at a fixed air inlet temperature (Tin) of 145 °C and varying the aqueous suspensions flux (Q) of 10 or 15 g/min. Survival of <em>L. casei</em> was evaluated after the spray drying process and after 60 days of storage at 25 °C. The quality efficiency of the microencapsulated <em>L. casei</em> was evaluated by measuring in the product, physicochemical properties (moisture content, a<sub>w</sub>), determining moisture gain and modeling adsorption isotherms, besides analyzing micrographs. Results demonstrated that moisture content of the different spray drying powders was less than 2% wb and less than 0.30 of a<sub>w</sub>. It was evidently that the use of maltodextrin reduced 50% the powders moisture gain (hygroscopicity) therefore reducing stickiness problems during storage. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed individual particles formation with a homogeneous coat when using vegetable extracts+maltodextrin and hence better powder quality than without it. The microbial reduction of <em>L. casei</em> after the spray drying process was of one log cycle and significantly different (p &lt; 0.05) with the presence of maltodextrin when using orange or grapefruit peel. A microbial population over 10<sup>7</sup> cfu/g of <em>L. casei</em> microencapsulated was maintained after 60 days of storage which guarantees its use to develop functional food.</p>

scholarly journals Investigating Solid and Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification Options for Room Air-Conditioning and Drying Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10582
Author(s):  
B. Kiran Naik ◽  
Mullapudi Joshi ◽  
Palanisamy Muthukumar ◽  
Muhammad Sultan ◽  
Takahiko Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Liquid Desiccant Dehumidification

This study reports on the investigation of the performance of single and two-stage liquid and solid desiccant dehumidification systems and two-stage combined liquid and solid desiccant dehumidification systems with reference to humid climates. The research focus is on a dehumidification system capacity of 25 kW designed for room air conditioning application using the thermal models reported in the literature. RD-type silica gel and LiCl are used as solid and liquid desiccant materials, respectively. In this study, the application of proposed system for deep drying application is also explored. Condensation rate and moisture removal efficiency are chosen as performance parameters for room air conditioning application, whereas air outlet temperature is chosen as performance parameter for deep drying application. Further, for a given range of operating parameters, influences of air inlet humidity ratio, flow rate, and inlet temperature on performance parameters of the systems are investigated. In humid climatic conditions, it has been observed that a two-stage liquid desiccant dehumidification system is more effective for room air conditioning application, and two-stage solid desiccant dehumidification system is more suitable for deep drying application in the temperature range of 50 to 70 °C, while single-stage solid desiccant and two-stage combined liquid and solid desiccant dehumidification systems are more effective for low temperature, i.e., 30 to 50 °C deep drying application.

scholarly journals ENCAPSULATION OF RED GINGER OLEORESIN (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE VAR RUBRUM) WITH CHITOSAN AS WALL MATERIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanudin . ◽  
Rochmadi .
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Red Ginger ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: This research aims to determine the effect of the spray drying condition against encapsulation efficiency and characterization microcapsules of red ginger oleoresin.Methods: Preparation of encapsulation begun with the formation of emulsions by mixing red ginger oleoresin with chitosan solution which was dissolved with acetic acid 2% (v/v). The weight ratio of chitosan with red ginger oleoresin was 1: 1, 2: 1 and 3: 1 and then stirred using a homogenizer while added 2 ml tween 80 for 10 min. The size of emulsion droplet was measured using nanoparticle analyzer (NPA). The emulsion is formed and then inserted into the feed tank of a spray dryer. Inlet temperature of the spray dryer used in the 180 °C, 190 °C and 200 °C; and the spray dryer outlet temperature was 85 °C, feed rate at 2 L/h. The microcapsules formed were then analyzed encapsulation efficiency and characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Results: Based on the research that has been done, the smallest effective diameter of the emulsion droplets was 216.4±1.5 nm and the largest was 2109.2±46.1 nm. The value of encapsulation efficiency ranged between 83.33±0.42%-99.15±0.02%. Increasing the weight ratio of chitosan with red ginger oleoresin and increase the spray drying inlet temperature, the encapsulation efficiency is also increased. The highest encapsulation efficiency was 99.15±0.02% occurred at 200 °C of spray drying inlet temperature and the weight ratio of chitosan with red ginger oleoresin of 3:1. Morphology analysis of the surface of microcapsules using scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the inlet temperature of 200 °C was obtained microcapsules with smooth surfaces. The Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis results indicating the absence of new compounds is formed.Conclusion: This research indicates that the spray drying conditions affecting the encapsulation efficiency and morphological characteristics of the red ginger oleoresin microcapsules.

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