scholarly journals MONITORING OF TECHNOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF URBAN SOILS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF TOMSK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Elena Lyapina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Prevailing Direction ◽  
The City ◽  
General Technical ◽  
Main City

The problem of technogenic mercury pollution in urban areas and the technogenic transformation of soil in urban areas is considered. Quantitative estimates of the distribution of mercury in soils in the territory of the city of Tomsk were obtained, which indicate concentrations do not exceed the MPC, but are characterized by enrichment in mercury. In Tomsk, the formation of mercury dispersion halos is associated with the activities of the main city-forming enterprises, as well as vehicles. In addition, the relief of the city and the prevailing direction of the winds form hotbeds of increased content of elements. In urban soils, mercury is present mainly in the insoluble fraction. However, in the composition of the insoluble fraction, most of element No. 80 is in the form of organocomplexes, which indicates highly toxic and bioavailable pollutant compounds in soils in the territory of the city of Tomsk. Geochemical associations of mercury with other chemical elements belong to the environmental factor of environmental impact. It should be noted that the list of elements with high average contents for 25 years of research has not changed. And the concentration of elements decreased significantly, which indicates a decrease in the coefficient of their technophilicity. At the same time, the general technical properties of soils, as well as their material and mineralogical composition, indicate technogenic transformation in comparison with background territories.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Particulate Matter Sources Based on the Chemical Composition of PM10 in Functional Urban Areas

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Jandacka ◽  
Daniela Durcanska
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
The City

Urban air quality is continuing to deteriorate. If we want to do something about this problem, we need to know the cause of the pollution. The big problem, not only in Europe, is the high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) in the urban environment. The origin of these particles can be different, including combustion, transport, industry, natural resources, etc. Particulate matter includes a large amount of the finest PM fractions, which can remain in the air for a long time, easily enter respiratory tracks, and damage human health. Particulate matter is also produced by the abrasion of different parts of roads and vehicle fleets and from resuspension road dust, which concerns matter with larger aerodynamic diameters. For this reason, we carried out a series of measurements at various measuring stations in Žilina, Slovakia, during different measuring seasons. The main objective was to find out the diversity of particulate matter sources in Žilina. The search for the particulate matter origin was carried out by particulate matter measurements, determination of the particulate matter fraction concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1), an investigation on the effect of secondary factors on the particulate matter concentrations, chemical analyses, and multivariate statistical analyses. Varied behavior of the particulate matter with respect to the measurement station and the measurement season was found. Differences in the concentrations of investigated chemical elements contained in the PM were found. Significant changes in the concentrations of particulate matter are caused not only by primary sources (e.g., road traffic in the city of Žilina), but mainly by the negative events (combination of air pollution sources and meteorological conditions). Maximum concentrations of particulate matter PM10 were measured during the winter season at the measuring station on Komenského Street: PM10 126.2 µg/m3, PM2.5 97.7 µg/m3, and PM1 90.4 µg/m3 were obtained using the gravimetric method. The coarse fraction PM2.5-10 was mainly represented by the chemical elements Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Cr, Fe, and Ba, and the fine fraction PM2.5 was represented by the chemical elements K, S, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Zn. Road transport as a dominant source of PM10 was identified from all measurements in the city of Žilina by using the multivariate statistical methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA).

scholarly journals Characteristic of soils of Odesa City

2018 ◽  
pp. 293-302
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Khokhryakova ◽  
Elguja Kulidzhanov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Natural Soils ◽  
Full Profile ◽  
Undisturbed Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
The City

In the article, the basic morphological features, physical and chemical properties of soils of Odesa, analyzed indicators nutrient content, humus pHN2O, soil particle size distribution. The composition of salts and absorbed bases in soils is established. The purpose of this study is to characterize the soil cover of Odesa City. 47 full-profile sections were laid in 9 key sections in the city area. Key areas are characterized by the different anthropogenic impact on the soil upper layer and intensity of its use. According to the result of the studies of soils in Odesa City, the following groups of soils are distinguished in the territory of the city: natural undisturbed soils, anthropogenically externally disturbed natural soils, anthropogenically deeply disturbed soils (urban-soils). For natural undisturbed and anthropogenically externally disturbed natural soils, heavy loamy and medium loam granulometric composition is characteristic in most cases. The upper horizons of the soils of the firth overspill have a lighter composition – from light loamy to sandy. The granulometric composition of urban soils is heavy loamy, during a tendency toward its alleviation due to the anthropogenic increase of the content of sand fractions and skeletal material. A characteristic feature of undisturbed soils of the Odesa City is fairly high variability in the nitrogen content of nitrification, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium, and organic substance. The sum of the absorbed bases in natural undisturbed and anthropogenically externally disturbed natural soils, as in urban areas, is low. The ratio between calcium and magnesium ranges from 2:1 to 6:1. Automorphic soils are predominantly weakly solonetzic. Marsh soils are characterized by a certain increase in the proportion of sodium from the sum of the absorbed bases - up to 36.47 %. Natural humus soils are characterized by a lack of salinity. Meadow soils from the surface have a weak degree of chloride type of salinity, and an average and a strong degree of chloride type of salinity is noted down to the profile. Urban soils have a weak degree of chloride-sulfate salinization, associated with the use of mixtures against ice in winter. Marsh soils have a strong degree of soda-chloride type of salinity from the surface. Key words: Odesa, urban soils, anthropogenic transformation of urban soils.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL SPECIFICS OF SOIL AND PLANT COVERING OF URBAN LANDSCAPES (IN THE TOWN OF BROVARY AS AN EXAMPLE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Splodytel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Alnus Incana ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
The City

The results of the pollutants content research in urbanized landscapes soils of Ukraine (on the example of Brovary city, Kyiv region) were shown. The total and mobile contents data of chemical elements (Ni, Co, Zn, V, Pb, Cr, Cu) were obtained and analyzed using the methods of landscape-geochemical studies, analytical and statistical methods. The dependences of the vegetation resistance in cities to the level of soil cover contamination and the degree of heavy metals income have been established. The geochemical characteristics (such as the value of the accumulation coefficients; concentration of soil and vegetation cover; index of biogeochemical activity of the species within Brovary city) were analyzed. Throughout most of the city territory, the level of soil contamination is above average. Soils are characterized by the following association of heavy metals: Cu> Pb> Zn> Co> Cr> V> Mo> Mn> Ni. The dominant association is distributed heterogeneous throughout the city, forming geochemical anomalies depending on the source of contamination. The maximum technogenic load was recorded in urban soils areas within zones of transport infrastructure, production and communal-warehouse facilities.Woody vegetation is the most actively absorbed copper, manganese from the soil, and the least intensively absorbed chromium, vanadium and nickel. The biogeochemical activity coefficient of the research species is the following: Acer platanoides - 7,26, Betula pendula Roth. - 7,07, and Populus deltoides - 7,05, Pínus sylvestris - 1.32 and Alnus incana - 3.37. The biological absorption coefficients of manganese and copper are high because these metals have the ability to form strong complexes with organic matter. Biological absorption coefficients of vanadium and chromium is low for the researched plant species because these chemical elements are immobile in soils. For the city of Brovary, the presence of polyelemental contamination of soil and vegetation has been established. According to the indicators of the gross content of VM, the main pollutants are Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn. Concentrations of gross and mobile forms of VM exceed background values ​​and maximum concentration limits in 17-28 times. The maximum of man-caused load was recorded in the urban soils of the transport infrastructure zone and the zone of production and communal-warehouse facilities. Regularities of formation of elemental composition of plants of urban areas undergo significant changes in comparison with natural conditions, which is due to the strengthening of the role of foliar absorption of pollutants from the air and their high content in soils. The greatest ability to bioaccumulate has a male thyroid (Dryopteris filix-mas Schott) and birch (Convolvulus arvensis). The highest coefficient of biogeochemical activity of the studied species is Acer platanoides - 7.26, hanging birch (Betula pendula Roth.) - 7.07 and Canadian poplar (Populus deltoides) - 7.05, the lowest - Scots pine (Pínus sylvеstris ) - 1.32 and gray alder (Alnus incana) - 3.37. Weakly and very weakly, most of the studied plant species capture vanadium and chromium, which are relatively sedentary in the soil. Further research is needed to analyze the physicochemical parameters of soils, the coefficients of transition of metals to plants relative to their content in organic and mobile form in order to establish the relationships that characterize the process of translocation of chemical elements. Keywords: landscape-geochemical conditions, heavy metals, soils, vegetation.

scholarly journals Рatterns of spreading of heavy metals in soils of urbanized landscapes (on the example of Brovary city)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-590
Author(s):  
Anastasiia O. Splodytel
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Technogenic Pollution ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
The City

Results of the study about pollutants content in soils of urbanized landscapes are presented. Patterns of their migration and accumulation in main soil types of Brovary are grounded. Correlation relationships between the individual components of ecologicalgeochemical system of urbanized territory were analyzed. Dependences of landscape resistance to technogenic pollution on the level of conservation of natural geochemical parameters of soils, degree of their anthropogenic transformation and level of heavy metals were determined. According to geochemical criteria technogenic associations of heavy metalsin soils are determined, which are represented by the following elements: Cu>Pb>Zn>Co>Cr>V>Mo>Mn>Ni. Level of gross content of chemical elements compounds in soils of different zones of the city is heterogeneous. City zones with the highest polyelement contamination of soil have been identified. Maximum technogenic load is recorded in urban areas of transport infrastructure zone and zone of production and communal-warehouse facilities. Ecological and geochemical assessment on the total index of pollution by using methods of Y.E. Saeta, is shown. Value of this topsoil parameter in Brovary (0-10 cm) ranges from 30 to 106, the average is 65, which corresponds to hazardous level of soil pollution. According to the total indicator of technogenic pollution, Brovary belongs to cities with high pollution level. Soils in all parts of the city, except for residential areas, are classified as hazardous. Studied soils of the city are characterized by plumbum geochemical specialization. High levels of zinc, manganese, cobalt and chromium were also found (the maximal permissible concentrations in soil exceeds by 1.7-4.7 times). Especial attention is paid to the patterns, mechanisms of pollutants influence on the complex of soil properties and processes that determine the ecological condition of soils and their resistance to anthropogenic flows. Soil contamination by pollutants leads to changes in their physical and chemical properties (cation exchange capacity pH, organic matter content) which causes a low buffering capacity of soil cover of the city.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of heavy metal content in soils of different urban agglomerations: methodological approaches to environmental monitoring

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
I.M. Andrusyshyna ◽  
◽  
I.O. Holub ◽  
V.F., Demchenko ◽  
O.G. Lampeka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Geochemical Associations ◽  
The City

Objective: We studied the regional characteristics of soil pollution with heavy metals and other chemical elements, presented their comparative ecological and hygienic assessment. Materials and methods: We detected the content of 12 elements in the soils of urban agglomerations of the city of Kyiv (park, residential and transport zones), Donetsk oblast (Mariupol, Pisky etc.) and in the vicinity of the city of Halych (Ivano-Frankivsk oblast) with the help of the method of optical emission spectrometry. We studied the gross content of heavy metals in soils, determined their mobile forms, calculated the concentration coefficients and the indicator of the total soil cover pollution of urban agglomerations, established characteristic relationships between metals and their technogenic geochemical associations. Results and discussion: Among the analyzed chemical elements in soils of urban areas, the high content of Al, Mn and Crattracts a special attention. In the number of cases, it was higher than the MAC and the background level. The characteristic technogenic geochemical associations of heavy metals for studied territories were established: Cu > Cr > Pb > Zn > Ni > Mn. The mobility of heavy metals in technologically polluted soils increases in comparison with the background levels. Conclusion: A comparative assessment of soil pollution in the surveyed regions of Kyiv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Donetsk showed that they are under complex environmental pressure because of anthropogenic and technogenic environmental pollution with heavy metals.

Urbanization of fauna on the example of marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Korzh ◽  
T. V. Zahovalko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Corrective Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, the number of published works devoted to the processes of synanthropization of fauna, is growing like an avalanche, which indicates the extreme urgency of this theme. In our view, the process of forming devices to coexist with human and the results of his life reflects the general tandency of the modern nature evolution. Urbanization is characteristic for such a specific group of animals like amphibians, the evidence of which are numerous literature data. Many researchers use this group to assess the bioindicative quality of the environment. For this aim a variety of indicators are used: from the cellular level of life of organization up to the species composition of the group in different territories. At the same time, the interpretation of the results is not always comparable for different areas and often have significantly different interpretations by experts. Urban environment, primarily due to the contamination is extremely aggressive to amphibians. As a consequence, the urban populations of amphibians may be a change in the demographic structure, affecting the reproductive ability of the population, the disappearance of the most sensitive species or individuals, resizing animals, the appearance of abnormalities in the development, etc. At the same time play an important amphibians in the ecosystems of cities, and some species in these conditions even feel relatively comfortable. Therefore, it is interesting to understand the mechanisms of self-sustaining populations of amphibians in urban environments. To assess the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the development of amphibian populations were used cognitive modeling using the program Vensim PLE. Cognitive map of the model for urban and suburban habitat conditions were the same. The differences concerned the strength of connections between individual factors (migration, fertility, pollution) and their orientation. In general, factors like pollution, parasites, predators had negative impact on the population, reducing its number. The birth rate, food and migration contributed to raising number of individuals. Some of the factors affected on the strength to of each other as well: the majority of the factors affected the structure of the population, had an influence on the fertility. Thanks to it the model reflects the additive effect of complex of factors on the subsequent status of the population. Proposed and analyzed four scenarios differing strength and duration of exposure. In the first scenario, a one-time contamination occurs and not subsequently repeated. The second and third scenario assumes half board contamination, 1 year (2 scenario) and two years (scenario 3). In the fourth scenario, the pollution affected the population of amphibians constantly. In accordance with the results of simulation, much weaker than the natural populations respond to pollution - have them as an intensive population growth and its disappearance at constant pollution is slow. Changes to other parameters of the model showed that this pollution is the decisive factor -only the constant action leads to a lethal outcome for the populations. All other components of the model have a corrective effect on the population dynamics, without changing its underlying trand. In urban areas due to the heavy impact of pollution maintaining the population is only possible thanks to the migration process – the constant replenishment of diminishing micropopulations of natural reserves. This confirms the assumption that the form of existence metapopulations lake frog in the city. In order to maintain the number of amphibians in urban areas at a high level it is necessary to maintain existing migration routes and the creation of new ones. Insular nature of the placement of suitable habitats in urban areas causes the metapopulation structure of the types of urbanists. Therefore, the process of urbanization is much easier for those species whicht are capable of migration in conditions of city. In the initial stages of settling the city micropopulationis formed by selective mortality of the most susceptible individuals to adverse effects. In future, maintaining the categories of individuals is provided mainly due to migration processes metapopulisation form of the species of existence is supported). It should be noted that the changes in the previous levels are always saved in future. In the case of reorganizations of individuals we of morphology can assume the existence of extremely adverse environmental conditions that threaten the extinction of the micropopulations. 

Epizootological features of demodicosis in homeless animals in the city of Tyumen ЭПИЗООТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДЕМОДЕКОЗА У БЕЗДОМНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ В ГОРОДЕ ТЮМЕНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
The City

Широкое распространение безнадзорных животных на территории городов несет за собой потенциальную угрозу распространения зооантропонозных заболеваний, одним из которых является демодекоз. Невозможно разработать мероприятия, направленные на борьбу с заболеванием и его профилактику, без анализа данных особенностей возникновения и распространения инвазии среди всей популяции восприимчивых животных. Поэтому целью нашей работы явилось изучение распространения демодекоза среди безнадзорных собак и кошек в городе Тюмени. В задачи исследования входило изучение распространения демодекоза и его клинического проявления среди бездомных собак и кошек в условиях города Тюмени и определение сезонной динамики заболевания. Работу выполняли в 2016-2018 гг. на базе кафедры анатомии и физиологии ФГБОУ ВО ГАУ Северного Зауралья, в лаборатории акарологии ВНИИВЭА – филиала ТюмНЦ СО РАН, а также в производственных условиях на базе пункта временного содержания безнадзорных домашних животных МКУ «ЛесПаркХоз». Демодекозная инвазия распространена среди бездомных кошек и собак. Наиболее часто демодекоз встречается у собак, экстенсивность инвазии от 0,65 до 0,72%. Заболевание демодекозом у бездомных собак регистрировали на протяжении всего года, но 54,6% больных собак поступали в апреле и мае. Большинство больных демодекозом – это молодые собаки в возрасте от 1,5 месяцев до 2-х лет – 75,76%, животные старше двух лет гораздо реже страдали от демодекоза – 24,24%. Генерализацию демодекоза регистрировали у 21 собаки (63,64%), а локализованные очаги – у 12 собак (36,36%). Наиболее распространенной формой проявления демодекоза у бездомных собак является пустулезная, или пиодемодекоз. Данная форма заболевания была отмечена у 16 собак (48,49%), чешуйчатая форма отмечалась у 10 собак (30,30%), а смешанная – у 7 собак (21,21%). The widespread use of stray animals in urban areas carries with it the potential threat of the spread of zooanthroponotic diseases, one of which is demodicosis. It is impossible to develop measures aimed at combating the disease and its prevention without analyzing the data on the characteristics of the occurrence and spread of invasion among the entire population of susceptible animals. Therefore, the purpose of our work was to study the distribution of demodicosis among street dogs and cats in the city of Tyumen. The objectives of the study included the study of the spread of demodicosis and its clinical manifestation among stray dogs and cats in the conditions of the city of Tyumen and the determination of the seasonal dynamics of the disease. Demodectic invasion is common among stray cats and dogs. Most often, demodicosis occurs in dogs, with extensive invasion from 0.65 to 0.72%. Demodecosis in stray dogs was recorded throughout the year, but 54.6% of sick dogs were reported in April and May. The majority of patients with demodicosis are young dogs between the ages of 1.5 months and 2 years old - 75.76%, animals older than two years suffer less from demodicosis, only 24.24%. Generalization of demodicosis was recorded in 21 dogs (63.64%), and localized foci in 12 dogs (36.36%). The most common form of demodicosis in stray dogs is pustular or pyodemodecosis. This form of the disease was observed in 16 dogs (48.49%), scaly form, was observed in 10 dogs (30.30%), and mixed in 7 dogs (21.21%).

PHYTOMONITORING AS A METOD OF THE ASSESSMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION BY URBAN ENVIRONMENT BY FINE DUST

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Irina Glinyanova ◽  
Valery Azarov ◽  
Valery Fomichev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Random Functions ◽  
The City

Fine dust: (PM2.5, PM10) is a priority pollutant that contributes to the development of numerous dis-eases in urban areas. The purpose of this scientific work is to study the dispersed composition of dust parti-cles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone of Volgograd. The novelty of the work lies in the study of the dispersed composition of dust particles on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus armeníaca) in the residential zone in the city of Volgograd near the construction industry enterprise, me-chanical engineering, leather production and railway transport line in comparison with the conditionally clean (control) zone of the SNT “Orocenets” ”(Sovetsky District, Volgograd) from the standpoint of random functions expressed by integral distribution curves of the mass of particles over their equivalent diameters. As a result of the research, the dispersed composition of dust on the leaves of apricot trees (Prúnus ar-meníaca) in the residential area of Volgograd was revealed. Fine particles were found: PM2.5, PM10 in each of the studied points, which by their values, both in their number and mass fraction, significantly exceed the data on fine dust in a conditionally clean area (control) in the SNT “Oroshanets” (Sovetsky district Volgo-grad), which creates certain environmental risks for local residents. The dispersed analysis of particles from the standpoint of random functions in the future will allow with a sufficiently high degree of accuracy to pre-dict the dust content of urban atmospheric air in the range of monthly and / or seasonal average values compared to the traditional measurement of fine dust concentration in atmospheric air of the urban environ-ment as the maximum single or daily average. At the same time, further studies of dust on the leaves of plants in an urban environment, namely, the study of the density of its sedimentation, will also reveal a group of ur-ban plants that are best suited to retain PM2.5 and PM10 on leaf plates in this region, which can significantly increase the quality of the atmospheric air of the urban environment and be of a recommendatory nature for the state-owned landscaping services of the city of Volgograd when improving the green areas of a megacity.

scholarly journals Changes in Water Quality of the River das Antas as It Passes through Rural and Urban Areas

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Valdemir Antoneli ◽  
Manuel Pulido-Fernández ◽  
João Anésio Bednarz ◽  
Leonardo Brandes ◽  
Michael Vrahnakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
The City

The catchment area of River das Antas (Irati, Paraná, Brazil) is of high importance both for human consumption and irrigation. Within Irati, this river passes through a rural area and through the city of Irati, crossing both poor and rich neighbourhoods. We selected three study areas downstream (a rural area, poor community, and rich neighbourhood) in which we measured turbidity, the concentration of sediments and pH during rainy days. Our results showed downstream trends of increasing turbidity and concentrations of sediments with decreasing pH. The values of turbidity and of concentration of sediments were significantly different in the rural area, while the pH values were significantly different between the three study areas. These findings highlight the effect of agricultural activities in the generation of sediments and turbidity. The—presumably expected—effects of organic urban waste from the poor neighbourhood were also detected in the pH values. We conclude that efforts should be made to ensure that land planning and training/education programmes on sustainable farming practices are undertaken by the authorities to reduce water pollution and its effects on water bodies during rainfall events, since paving streets is not a feasible option in the short term due to the high costs associated with this measure.

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