scholarly journals Morphological illustration of alterations in the arterial endothelium in ischemic and reperfusion injuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Pshennikov ◽  
Roman V. Deev
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Ischemic And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Arterial Endothelium

Background. Reperfusion syndrome is an inevitable event in recovery of the blood flow after a longstanding ischemia. The article is dedicated to the study of the expressiveness of this condition. Aim – to compare the depth of morphological alterations of the arterial endothelium in ischemic and reperfusion injury in experiment. Materials and Мethods. The work was conducted on 90 laboratory animals – rats of Wistar line. Models of ischemia and reperfusion were obtained by compression of the abdominal part of the aorta (1st group) with further conditioning (2nd group). The animals were withdrawn from the experiment and the vessel wall was taken on the 1st, 3d, 5th, 7th day. Preparations were studied in a transmission electron microscope «Libra 120» with automatic scanning of images. Results. Comparison of pathomorphological data obtained in examination of the aortas and iliac arteries of the two groups of animals («ischemia» and «reperfusion») showed that the cascade of pathomorphological changes includes several main stages. Transient ischemia leads to injury (alteration) of the main components of the vessel wall. Under action of this factor endotheliocytes exhibit a nonspecific response changing their synthetic activity that was manifested by a complex of morphological signs in the nucleus, karyolemma, cytoplasm and plasmalemma. In some cells the changes took an irreversible character and were accompanied by rupture of mitochondrial membranes, of general purpose organelles and of plasmalemma. Such endotheliocytes died and were desquamated. Because of short duration of ischemia these changes were insignificant. Subendothelial structures underwent edema which is logical in view of derangement of the barrier function of the epithelium and presence of a mild inflammatory component (in response to death of a part of endotheliocytes and cells of the vascular wall stroma). Examination of the ultrastructure of the vessel wall in the ischemiareperfusion group revealed adaptive and pathological changes in the endothelial cells. Data were obtained that evidence a significant disorder in microhemodynamics in tissues in reperfusion. Conclusion. No significant structural and ultrastructural differences in injuries and reactive changes in «ischemia» and «reperfusion» groups were found. In view of this, for subtle differentiation of pathomorphogenesis of these two conditions it is reasonable to use examination methods with higher resolution.

scholarly journals Morphological illustration of alterations in the arterial endothelium in ischemic and reperfusion injuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Pshennikov ◽  
Roman V. Deev
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Ischemic And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Arterial Endothelium

Background. Reperfusion syndrome is an inevitable event in recovery of the blood flow after a longstanding ischemia. The article is dedicated to the study of the expressiveness of this condition. Aim – to compare the depth of morphological alterations of the arterial endothelium in ischemic and reperfusion injury in experiment. Materials and Мethods. The work was conducted on 90 laboratory animals – rats of Wistar line. Models of ischemia and reperfusion were obtained by compression of the abdominal part of the aorta (1st group) with further conditioning (2nd group). The animals were withdrawn from the experiment and the vessel wall was taken on the 1st, 3d, 5th, 7th day. Preparations were studied in a transmission electron microscope «Libra 120» with automatic scanning of images. Results. Comparison of pathomorphological data obtained in examination of the aortas and iliac arteries of the two groups of animals («ischemia» and «reperfusion») showed that the cascade of pathomorphological changes includes several main stages. Transient ischemia leads to injury (alteration) of the main components of the vessel wall. Under action of this factor endotheliocytes exhibit a nonspecific response changing their synthetic activity that was manifested by a complex of morphological signs in the nucleus, karyolemma, cytoplasm and plasmalemma. In some cells the changes took an irreversible character and were accompanied by rupture of mitochondrial membranes, of general purpose organelles and of plasmalemma. Such endotheliocytes died and were desquamated. Because of short duration of ischemia these changes were insignificant. Subendothelial structures underwent edema which is logical in view of derangement of the barrier function of the epithelium and presence of a mild inflammatory component (in response to death of a part of endotheliocytes and cells of the vascular wall stroma). Examination of the ultrastructure of the vessel wall in the ischemiareperfusion group revealed adaptive and pathological changes in the endothelial cells. Data were obtained that evidence a significant disorder in microhemodynamics in tissues in reperfusion. Conclusion. No significant structural and ultrastructural differences in injuries and reactive changes in «ischemia» and «reperfusion» groups were found. In view of this, for subtle differentiation of pathomorphogenesis of these two conditions it is reasonable to use examination methods with higher resolution.

scholarly journals Leukotrienes in Atherosclerosis: New Target Insights and Future Therapy Perspectives

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziano Riccioni ◽  
Alessandra Zanasi ◽  
Nicola Vitulano ◽  
Barbara Mancini ◽  
Nicolantonio D'Orazio
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Leukotriene Receptor ◽  
Future Therapy

Atherosclerosis represents an important chronic inflammatory process associated with several pathophysiological reactions in the vascular wall. The arachidonic acid, released by phospholipase A2, is an important substrate for the production of a group of lipid mediators known as leukotrienes, which induce proinflammatory signaling through the activation of specific BLT and CysLT receptors. The interaction of these substances in the vascular wall determines important morphological alterations like the early lipid retention and the accumulation of foam cells, the development of intimal hyperplasia, and advanced atherosclerotic lesions, and it plays an important role in the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. Many studies regarding myocardial ischemia and reperfusion show that leukotriene signaling may be involved in the development of ischemic injury. For these, reasons both leukotriene synthesis inhibitors and leukotriene receptor antagonists have been suggested for inducing beneficial effects at different stages of the atherosclerosis process and may represent a new therapeutic target in the treatment of atherosclerotic vessel diseases, in particular in acute coronary syndrome.

Current uses of intracranial vessel wall imaging for clinical practice: a high-resolution MR technique recently available

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 642-650
Author(s):  
Felipe Torres PACHECO ◽  
Luiz Celso Hygino da CRUZ JUNIOR ◽  
Igor Gomes PADILHA ◽  
Renato Hoffmann NUNES ◽  
Antônio Carlos Martins MAIA JUNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Vessel Wall Imaging ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Intracranial Vessel ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
Wall Imaging

ABSTRACT Intracranial vessel wall imaging plays an increasing role in diagnosing intracranial vascular diseases. With the growing demand and subsequent increased use of this technique in clinical practice, radiologists and neurologists should be aware of the choices in imaging parameters and how they affect image quality, clinical indications, methods of assessment, and limitations in the interpretation of these images. Due to the improvement of the MRI techniques, the possibility of accurate and direct evaluation of the abnormalities in the arterial vascular wall (vessel wall imaging) has evolved, adding substantial data to diagnosis when compared to the indirect evaluation based on conventional flow analyses. Herein, the authors proposed a comprehensive approach of this technique reinforcing appropriated clinical settings to better use intracranial vessel wall imaging.

scholarly journals THE MAIN VECTORS OF ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENT IN A DIGITAL ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
pp. 140-151
Author(s):  
Petro Putsenteilo ◽  
Andrii Dovbush
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Inventory Systems ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
General Purpose Technologies ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
Main Components

Purpose. The aim of the article is the analysis of scientific approaches to the interpretation of the peculiarities of the development of digital technologies of modern accounting in the digital economy. Methodology of research. The study was conducted using a dialectical approach to the study of the current state of the digital economy. In the course of the research general and special methods were used, in particular: the analytical method was used in the review of normative sources; the method of classification made it possible to differentiate the main components of the digital economy and accounting, and the method of description ‒ to give them a detailed description; monographic method is used in the study of literature sources on digital economics and accounting, system and analytical ‒ in the processing of information. Findings. It is determined that the digital economy is a communication environment of economic activity on the Internet, the result of transformational effects of new general-purpose technologies in the field of information and communication. It is substantiated that significant technological and informatization shifts, as well as growth of potential of digital economic information space stimulate modernization of accounting science, promote development of methodology and organization of accounting process, actualize the problem of positioning of accounting activity. The basic principles of functioning of the digital accounting platform are revealed, which allow to create the newest electronic systems with a significant number of users. Originality. It has been established that the block-chain is a promising accounting technology that eliminates traditional methods of accounting, documentation, processing, registration, inventory systems, while allowing companies to register both parties to the transaction in a joint book in real time, rather than keeping agreed records of financial transactions separately, private database. Practical value. The obtained results of the study will help increase the efficiency of the formation and development of accounting in a digital economy and will be the basis for further research in this area. Key words: digital economy, information technologies, accounting, digital accounting, block-chain, digital platform, digital technologies.

Abstract 5456: Vascular Endothelial Cells Endothelin-1 Deficiency Decreased Vascular Protection in Atherosclerosis Mouse Model

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Wulan Anggrahini ◽  
Noriaki Emoto ◽  
Kazuhiko Nakayama ◽  
Bambang Widyantoro ◽  
Kazuya Miyagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Protection ◽  
Plaque Instability

Endothelium plays important role in protective mechanism of vascular wall. The balance between endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide provide endothelial barrier to lipoprotein retain and macrophage recruitment. In contrasts, ET-1 is also a strong vasoconstrictor. In this study, we aim to determine the role of vascular endothelial cells-derived ET-1 in the development of atherosclerosis. For that purpose, we crossbred Vascular Endothelial Cells-specific ET-1 Knockout (VEETKO) mice to ApoEKO mice. ApoE/VEET-DKO exhibited significantly lower ET-1 plasma and mRNA level as compared to ApoEKO mice. No significant differences of blood pressure, plasma cholesterol or lipid profiles were observed in both mice. Surprisingly, after 8 weeks of western diet, we found that the atherosclerotic lesion was exaggerated in the aortic sinus and brachiochepalic artery of ApoE/VEET-DKO mice (n=7) as compared to those of ApoEKO mice (n=7) (ratio/vessel wall, 0.93±0.13vs.0.49±0.09, p<0.05). We further showed the increase in macrophage plaque content and peritoneal macrophage recruitment in DKO mice. To understand the mechanism of vascular protection, we found lower eNOS mRNA level in DKO mice despite only lower tendency of ETB receptor expression. Functionally, the mice lacking ET-1 in endothelial cells showed impaired NO-mediated endothelial function. Decreased vascular protection further led to increase plaque instability in DKO mice. Here we showed that plaque of DKO mice was more lipid enrich as compared to that of ApoEKO (ratio/lesion, 0.56±0.03vs.0.42±0.04, p<0.05). Moreover, lack of ET-1 significantly reduced matrix synthesis following lower SMCs accumulation in the lesion (ratio/vessel wall, 0.28±0.06vs.0.57±0.08, p<0.05), which was mediated by TGFβ. Interestingly, despite similar advance-typed lesion formed, 15% of DKO mice exhibited plaque hemorrhage in brachiochepalic artery. In conclusion, we demonstrated the increase in atherosclerosis and plaque instability in our model. This further suggests that ET-1 produced from vascular endothelial cells is required for protective mechanism in vascular wall in balance with nitric oxide production. Our data imply for the careful monitoring in the use of ET receptor antagonist in clinical setting.

Biology and pathology of atherosclerosis

2010 ◽  
pp. 2873-2881
Author(s):  
Robin P. Choudhury ◽  
Edward A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Atheromatous Plaque ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Intimal Layer

Formation of an atheromatous plaque—this is an inflammatory process that involves the contribution of endothelial cells, monocytes, and smooth muscle cells in conjunction with the deposition of atherogenic lipoproteins in the intimal layer of the vascular wall. The initial stage involves activation of the endothelium at regions of nonlaminar flow in vessels resulting in increased permeability to Apo B-containing lipoproteins (LDL). Inflammatory cells, in particular monocytes, are recruited into the intimal layer of the vessel wall via the action of chemokines and adhesion molecules mobilized by activated endothelium....

scholarly journals The Online DQM of BESIII

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Ji ◽  
Yanjia Xiao ◽  
Jiada Lu ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Reconstruction Software ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Positron Collisions ◽  
Beijing China

The BESIII is a general-purpose experiment for studying electron-positron collisions at BEPCII which is located at IHEP, Beijing, China. It works in the τ-charm region mainly. Several world’s largest samples in this region had been collected. The BESIII DQM is a lightweight online data quality monitoring (DQM) solution at BESIII. It uses the full offline reconstruction software to reconstruct a part of data for real-time monitoring the data quality. The document gives an overview of the BESIII DQM system, including the framework, main components and data flow. The DQM system separates online DAQ and offline software environment as much as possible and is easy to expand.

Damage To Endothelial Cells In The Ear Artery Of Rabbits On An Atherogenic Diet

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Silver ◽  
A W Sedar ◽  
C M Ingerman-Wojenski ◽  
M Nissenbaum ◽  
D Klerfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Experimental Atherosclerosis ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Purina Chow ◽  
Ear Artery ◽  
Arterial Endothelium

Male New Zealand rabbits were fed a diet containing 2% cholesterol, 6% peanut oil and 92% Purina Chow for periods between 6 and 9 weeks. Examination of the inner surface of the central ear artery by scanning electron microscopy (after perfusion in situ with Tyrode’s solution followed by 1% glutaraldehyde) revealed damage to the endothelium which appeared to be considerably worse at 9 weeks than at 6 weeks. At six weeks the damage included irregularly shaped cells, some breaks at intercellular junctions and occasional holes in the cells. At 9 weeks more severe damage was seen. This included many misshapen cells, cells with holes, and many cells lifting off from the vessel wall and beginning to expose sub-endothelial tissue. In 3 rabbits (respectively on the diet for 6,7 or 9 weeks) arrays of dark “spots” were seen in many cells. Such “spots” were never seen in endothelial cells of normal rabbits. After 1 ml of 0.83 mM sodium arachidonate (AA), instead of Tyrode’s solution, had been perfused through the arteries, further damage was seen. This damage included the lifting off of many cells and formation of many holes. Effluent from the arteries perfused with AA contained 6-keto-PGF1α and TxB2 (measured by specific radioimmunoassays) in amounts similar to those produced by arteries of rabbits fed a normal diet. These metabolites were not detected in effluents of arteries perfused with Tyrode’s solution.This report shows that an atherogenic diet may cause early morphological changes in a peripheral artery of the rabbit and suggests that widespread damage to arterial endothelium may result from atherogenic diets. Apparently, this damage does not impair the ability of the vessel wall to convert AA into prostacyclin. The rabbit ear artery system appears to be a simpler way to study the early changes in arterial endothelium during experimental atherosclerosis than studies on the aorta.

Macrovascular thrombosis is driven by tissue factor derived primarily from the blood vessel wall

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharlene M. Day ◽  
Jennifer L. Reeve ◽  
Brian Pedersen ◽  
Diana M Farris ◽  
Daniel D. Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Blood Vessel Wall ◽  
Wild Type

Abstract Leukocytes and leukocyte-derived microparticles contain low levels of tissue factor (TF) and incorporate into forming thrombi. Although this circulating pool of TF has been proposed to play a key role in thrombosis, its functional significance relative to that of vascular wall TF is poorly defined. We tested the hypothesis that leukocyte-derived TF contributes to thrombus formation in vivo. Compared to wild-type mice, mice with severe TF deficiency (ie, TF–/–, hTF-Tg+, or “low-TF”) demonstrated markedly impaired thrombus formation after carotid artery injury or inferior vena cava ligation. A bone marrow transplantation strategy was used to modulate levels of leukocyte-derived TF. Transplantation of low-TF marrow into wild-type mice did not suppress arterial or venous thrombus formation. Similarly, transplantation of wild-type marrow into low-TF mice did not accelerate thrombosis. In vitro analyses revealed that TF activity in the blood was very low and was markedly exceeded by that present in the vessel wall. Therefore, our results suggest that thrombus formation in the arterial and venous macrovasculature is driven primarily by TF derived from the blood vessel wall as opposed to leukocytes.

scholarly journals The hardness of the vessel wall in patients with arterial hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
O D Ostroumova ◽  
A I Kochetkov ◽  
I I Kopchenov ◽  
T F Guseva ◽  
O V Bondarec
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference

The article deals with the role of the hardness of the vessel wall in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and its complications and cardiovascular mortality. We discussed the factors increasing the hardness of the vessel wall, such as age, blood pressure level, atherosclerosis, smoking and diabetes mellitus. We showed the indicators reflecting the status of the vascular wall and which could play a role of markers of increased risk of cardiovascular complications. We reviewed the data concerning the improvement of the parameters of the hardness of the vessel wall under the influence of antihypertensive therapy using the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker - candesartan. We discussed the possible mechanisms of the candesartan influence on the elastic properties of the vessels. We stressed that the effect on the hardness of the arteries on using antihypertensive drugs, even within the same class, was different, which, apparently, was associated with the difference in the pharmacokinetic properties.

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