scholarly journals Topics in the theory of trusses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bernard Rybolowic
Keyword(s):  
Tensor Product ◽  
Equivalence Class ◽  
Ring Theory ◽  
Minimal Extension ◽  
Specific Choice ◽  
Morita Theory ◽  
Category Of Modules ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Free Modules

In 2017 a truss was defined. Thus one can say that the theory of trusses is new and not yet well-established. In recent years trusses start to gain attention due to their connections to ring theory and braces. Braces are closely related to solutions of set-theoretic Yang-Baxter equations, which can lead to applications of trusses in physics. In this thesis, we study connections among groups, heaps, rings, modules, braces and trusses. In the beginning, one can find a description in details of free heaps and coproducts of Abelian heaps. Both constructions are applied to describe a functor from the category of heaps to the category of groups. We establish a connection between unital near-trusses and skew left braces. We show that for a specific choice of congruence on a unital near-truss the quotient is a brace. We also prove that if one localises a regular unital near-truss without an absorber, the result is a skew left brace. In this thesis, one can find many small results on categories of heaps, trusses and modules over a truss. Methods to extend trusses to unital trusses and rings are presented. Then first one allows us to show that a category of modules over a truss is isomorphic with the category of modules over its extension to the unital truss. The second method establishes a deep connection between rings and trusses, i.e. every truss is an equivalence class of some congruence on some specific ring. We present the ring construction. Using this result, we introduce the definition of a minimal extension of a truss into a ring. We construct tensor product and free modules over trusses. The Eilenberg-Watts theorem for modules over trusses is stated and proven. Thus the Morita theory for modules over trusses is developed. The thesis is concluded with results on projectivity and decompositions through a product of the modules.

scholarly journals Introduction

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 353-368
Author(s):  
Dario Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning

“Zoosemiotics” was introduced in 1963 by Thomas Albert Sebeok, initially as a compromise between ethological and semiotic research. In the beginning, Sebeok was convinced that “zoosemiotics” had to be used mostly as an umbrella term, uniting different scholarly approaches to animal communication). In the light of its most recent developments, a synthetic definition of zoosemiotics can be today that of the study of semiosis within and across animal species.

scholarly journals Certain Types of Complex Lie Group Action

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Khalaf Radhi ◽  
Taghreed Hur Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Tensor Product ◽  
Group Action ◽  
Lie Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Smooth Representation ◽  
Equivalent Relation ◽  
Complex Group ◽  
Lie Group Action ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Definition Of

     The main aim in this paper is to look for a novel action with new properties on       from the  , the Literature are concerned with studying the action of  of two representations , one is usual and the other is the dual, while our  interest in this work  is focused on some actions on complex Lie group[10] . Let G be a matrix complex  group , and  is representation of   In this study we will present and analytic  the  concepts of action of complex  group on    We recall the definition of  tensor  product of two representations of  group and construct  the definition of action of   group on , then by using the equivalent  relation   between  and  , we get a new action : The two actions are forming smooth  representation of    This  we have new action which called     denoted by    which acting on      This  is smooth representation of   The theoretical Justifications are developed and prove supported by some concluding  remarks and illustrations.

scholarly journals Motherland in the Philosophical Constructions of I.A. Ilyin: Literary Projections

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-243
Author(s):  
Evgeny R. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Vladimir Nabokov ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Emigre Literature ◽  
Marina Tsvetaeva ◽  
Typical Sign ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Ideological Structure

This is the first attempt at analyzing philosophical works about Motherland by Ivan Ilyin (written in the 1920s) as the solid ideological structure, which influenced literature of the Russian emigration of the 1920s as well as Russian émigré selfawareness. The article describes the system of Ilyin’s thought in its dynamics: from his first speeches, delivered in Berlin in 1922, towards the speeches (and articles) of the second half of the 1920s. It highlights certain changes in the definition of the Motherland: in the beginning of his philosophical career, Ilyin understands Motherland as related to the Civil War and the interests of the White Army; later, he moves this concept to religious sphere; by the end of the 1920s he relegates Motherland to the context of world history and Russian culture. Several examples show how Ilyin’s philosophy influenced (or sounds in consonance with), main ideas of the early émigré literature (including novels and political articles by Ivan Bunin, Nina Berberova, Vladimir Nabokov, and Marina Tsvetaeva). That Ivan Ilyin, a former professor of law turned into the greatest ideologist of Russia Abroad is a typical sign of the time and the proof of politicization of Russian philosophy.

Historical Account or Discourse on Identity? A Reexamination of Fulbe Hegemony and Autochthonous Submission in Banyo

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Gausset
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Northern Cameroon ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Military

Traditional accounts of the nineteenth-century Fulbe conquest in northern Cameroon tell roughly the same story: following the example of Usman Dan Fodio in Nigeria, the Fulbe of Cameroon organized in the beginning of the nineteenth century a “jihad” or a “holy war” against the local pagan populations to convert them to Islam and create an Islamic state. The divisions among the local populations and the military superiority of the Fulbe allowed them to conquer almost all northern Cameroon. They forced those who submitted to give an annual tribute of goods and servants, and they raided the other groups. In these traditional accounts the Fulbe are presented as unchallenged masters, while the local populations are depicted as slaves who were powerless over their fate; their role in the conquest of the region and in the administration of the new political order is supposed to have been insignificant.I will show that, on the contrary, in the area of Banyo the Wawa and Bute played a crucial role in the conquest of the sultanate and in its administration. I will then re-examine the cliche that all members of the local populations were the slaves of the Fulbe by distinguishing the fate of the Wawa and Bute on one side from that of the Kwanja and Mambila on the other, and by showing the importance of the Fulbe's identity in shaping the definition of slavery. Finally I will argue that, if the historical accounts found in the scientific literature invariably insist on Fulbe hegemony and minimize the role played by the local populations, it is because those accounts are often based on Fulbe traditions, and because these traditions are remodeled by the Fulbe in order to correspond to their discourse on identity.

scholarly journals Hipotiroidismo Subclínico no Idoso

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 766
Author(s):  
Sofia Macedo Silva ◽  
Alexandra Carvalho ◽  
Maria Lopes- Pereira ◽  
Vera Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Electronic Database Search ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an increase of thyroid stimulating hormone levels with normal levels of thyroid hormones, could have a multiorgan impact. There seem to be differences in the elderly (over 65 years of age) which indicate that there should be a different approach in terms of diagnosis and the treatment.Material and Methods: Electronic database search and narrative bibliographical review.Results: Different case studies showing the multiorgan consequences of subclinical hypothyroidism suggest that, in the elderly, there is a minor impact or even a lack of repercussion, especially in those over 80 - 85 years old. Additionally, there is evidence indicating that the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone rise with the age of the patient. The standard treatment, in the beginning, is a low dose of levothyroxine when the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone are over 10.0 mIU/L, when there are noticeable symptoms or positive anti-thyroid antibodies. However, the treatment is not consensual when the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone are between 4.5 and 10.0 mIU/L, in such a way that the TRUST study concluded that no benefits have outcome from treating these patients. Discussion: The non-definition of the reference range and the age gap are the key factors that contribute the most to biased results. However, there is consensus regarding non-treatment of mild thyroid dysfunctions (4.5 - 7.0 mIU/L) in the elderly, particularly above 80 years of age. Nevertheless, for positive anti-thyroid antibodies, suggestive ultrasound changes or iatrogenic side effects, the reference level should be 4.5 mIU/L. Conclusion: The general impact of subclinical hypothyroidism is different in elderly people, meaning that an individualized therapeutic approach and long-term monitoring is the appropriate strategy.

scholarly journals Nested Polyhedra and Indices of Orbits of Coxeter Groups of Non-Crystallographic Type

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Mariia Myronova ◽  
Jiří Patera ◽  
Marzena Szajewska
Keyword(s):  
Tensor Product ◽  
Lie Algebras ◽  
Coxeter Groups ◽  
Reflection Groups ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Simple Lie Algebras ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Branching Rules ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Representation Orbit

The invariants of finite-dimensional representations of simple Lie algebras, such as even-degree indices and anomaly numbers, are considered in the context of the non-crystallographic finite reflection groups H2, H3 and H4. Using a representation-orbit replacement, the definitions and properties of the indices are formulated for individual orbits of the examined groups. The indices of orders two and four of the tensor product of k orbits are determined. Using the branching rules for the non-crystallographic Coxeter groups, the embedding index is defined similarly to the Dynkin index of a representation. Moreover, since the definition of the indices can be applied to any orbit of non-crystallographic type, the algorithm allowing to search for the orbits of smaller radii contained within any considered one is presented for the Coxeter groups H2 and H3. The geometrical structures of nested polytopes are exemplified.

Remarks on Symmetry Classes of Tensors

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 633-642
Author(s):  
Yun Fan ◽  
Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Tensor Product ◽  
Finite Rank ◽  
Symmetry Classes ◽  
Symmetry Operators ◽  
Free Modules

This paper discusses symmetry operators of the tensor product of free modules of finite rank over domains, shows two formulas to calculate the rank of their images, and applies them to the modular symmetry classes of tensors.

scholarly journals Fuzzy Normed Rings

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aykut Emniyet ◽  
Memet Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Prime Ideal ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Maximal Ideal ◽  
Ring Homomorphism ◽  
Ring Theory ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Normed Ring ◽  
Normed Ideal ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
Definition Of

In this paper, the concept of fuzzy normed ring is introduced and some basic properties related to it are established. Our definition of normed rings on fuzzy sets leads to a new structure, which we call a fuzzy normed ring. We define fuzzy normed ring homomorphism, fuzzy normed subring, fuzzy normed ideal, fuzzy normed prime ideal, and fuzzy normed maximal ideal of a normed ring, respectively. We show some algebraic properties of normed ring theory on fuzzy sets, prove theorems, and give relevant examples.

scholarly journals A workplace farmstand pilot programme in Omaha, Nebraska, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 2402-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farryl MW Bertmann ◽  
Hollyanne E Fricke ◽  
Leah R Carpenter ◽  
Daniel J Schober ◽  
Teresa M Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Local Food Systems ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of a workplace farmstand programme through the utilization of an online ordering system to build awareness for local food systems, encourage community participation, and increase local fruit and vegetable availability.DesignA 4-week pilot to explore feasibility of workplace farmstand programmes through a variety of outcome measures, including survey, mode of sale, weekly sales totals and intercept interviews.SettingA large private company in Sarpy County, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.SubjectsEmployees of the company hosting the farmstand programme.ResultsPre-programme, a majority of employees indicated that quality (95·4 %), variety (94·6 %) and cost of fruits and vegetables (86·4 %) were driving factors in their fruit and vegetable selection when shopping. The availability of locally or regionally produced fruits and vegetables was highly important (78·1 %). Participants varied in their definition of local food, with nearly half (49·2 %) reporting within 80·5 km (50 miles), followed by 160·9 km (100 miles; 29·5 %) and 321·9 km (200 miles; 12·1 %). Weekly farmstand purchases (both walk-ups and online orders) ranged from twenty-eight to thirty-nine employees, with weekly sales ranging from $US 257·95 to 436·90 for the producer. The mode of purchase changed throughout the pilot, with higher use of online ordering in the beginning and higher use of walk-up purchasing at the end.ConclusionsThe workplace farmstand pilot study revealed initial interest by both employees and a producer in this type of programme, helped to establish a sustained producer–employer relationship and led to additional opportunities for both the producer and employer.

Sociological analysis on the discourse of crisis in art

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
İnan Keser ◽  
Nimet Keser
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Sociology Of Art ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning

For about a hundred and fifty years, it has been continuously expressed that art has been facing a deadly crisis and this crisis roots itself from the reality that there exists no concrete answer to the question of ‘what is art’. However related with the non-existence of consensus on what art is, it’s nothing more than a weak understanding to claim that it is impossible to talk about art. Thus, it can be acknowledged that the continuous repetition of the question of ‘what is art’ and non-existence of consensus on this subject is a clear proof of existence of a sharp struggle in art; and the state of non-consensus and historical continuity of the struggle can be acknowledged as the main source of dynamism of art. For this reason, in this study, it is acknowledged that non-existence of a concrete definition of art is a historical incident; and this controversial state about what art is and calling it the crisis of art itself was made the subject of a sociological analysis. In this analysis, it is concluded that; the actual crisis is not the crisis of art but that of aesthetics’; and that this crisis roots itself from the replacement of aesthetics regime (which dominated art for a very long time) with the non-aesthetic ‘artist regime’ in the beginning of 20th century and the nonfunctioning of aesthetics by this new regime. Keywords: art, sociology of art, aesthetics, art regime, artistic change.

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