scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI KULIT BATANG BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Klebsiella pneumoniae DAN Staphylococcus epidermidis BESERTA BIOAUTOGRAFINYA

Biomedika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhtadi , MSi. ◽  
Ria Ambarwati ◽  
Ratna Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction

Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) is a tropical plant that has antibacterial properties. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity of bark Belimbing wuluh against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis and their bioautography. Extraction methods used to research is method maceration with a solvent ethanol 96 %. Fractinations done by method partition liquid-liquid with a separating funnel. Test performed in this research covering identi� cation bacteria, the sensitivity bacteria, antibacterial activity, thin layer chromatography, bioautography. The result of antibacterial activity ethanol extract of disk diffusion method with concentrations 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8±0,5; 10,34±0,58; 12,17±0,76 on Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10,17±0,29; 11±0; 11.5±0 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, n-hexane fraction with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8,34±0,29; 9,34±0,29; 10,84±0,76 on Klebsialla pneumoniae, 8,5±0,5; 9,34±0,29; 10,67±0,29 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, ethyl acetate fraction with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 9,17±0,29; 10,34±0,29; 11,17±0,29 on Klebsiella pneumoniae and 9,5±0,5; 10,67±0,29; 12,67±1,26 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, ethanol-water fractions with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/ disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8,17±0,29; 9,17±0,29; 10±0 on Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9±0; 9,67±0,29; 10,34±0,29 on Staphylococcus epidermidis. The TLC show chemical compounds contained in the ethanol extract, n-heksan fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol-water fraction is a compound of the saponins, alkaloids, � avonoids and phenolic. Bioautography showed that ethanol extracts, n-heksan faction, ethyl acetate fraction, and etanol-airfaction Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) bark have not antibacterial activity because there is no clear area around on plate TLC.Keywords: Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.), ethanol extract, fractination, antibacterial, bioautogra� .

scholarly journals SKRINING AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL KERNEL BIJI BUAH LIMUS (Mangifera foetida Lour.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureusDAN Escherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Nurviana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Tetracycline Hcl

<p class="Default"><em>Limus (Mangifera foetida Lour.) Is one of the local Indonesian fruits of the anacardiaceae family. Limus contain secondary metabolites that have pharmacological effects, including the kernel waste of the seeds of the fruit. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on the fraction of kernel seed of limus fruits ethanolic extract in invitro using solid diffusion method with positive control Tetracycline HCl. The extraction process was carried out by maceration method, then fractionation was obtained to obtain the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction. Based on the result of the research, the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of kernel ethanol extract limus fruit seed have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The highest activity was shown by fraction of ethyl acetate with minimum killing concentration (KBM) to Staphylococcus aureus was 5% with diameter equal to 4,33 ± 1.17 mm equal to 30,27 μg / mL Tetracycline HCl, and KBM value to Escherichia coli.4% (7.60 ± 0.14) mm equivalent to 26, 04 μg / mL Tetracycline HCl.<br /> <br /> <strong></strong></em></p><p class="Default"><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Kernel, M. foetida.</em></p>

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Waru Gunung (Hibiscus macrophyllus) dan Fraksinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Afif Rifqie Maulana ◽  
Bawon Triatmoko ◽  
Mochammad Amrun Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction

Infection is one of the main causes of world health problems, especially in developing countries like Indonesia, one of which is an acute respiratory infection caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. Therapeutics are used for the treatment of infections today with antibiotics. However, there are many cases of bacterial resistance to antibiotics that need to develop alternatives derived from plants. One of the plants that have antibacterial activity is the leaves of Waru Gunung (Hibiscus macrophyllus). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the ethanolic extract of H. macrophyllus leaves and their fractions have antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The method used in this antibacterial activity test is the disk diffusion method with a test concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The results of this study indicate that all test samples have antibacterial activity except in the water fraction. The highest antibacterial activity was obtained in the ethyl acetate fraction which attracted semipolar compounds in the ethanolic extract of H. macrophyllus leaves. The antibacterial activity of the test samples in sequence from high to low includes ethyl acetate fraction, ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction, and water fraction.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie ◽  
Sulistiyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Dudi Runadi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%–5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%–2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) terhadap Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Achmad Syarifudin Noor ◽  
Bawon Triatmoko ◽  
Nuri Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Zone Diameter

The leaves of kenikir are known to have many benefits, one of which can be used as medicine. Kenikir leaves are reported to have antibacterial activity against the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S.typhi). S. typhi is a bacterium that causes typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in Asian countries, especially Indonesia. Typhoid fever became the third largest disease in Indonesia in 2010. The study related to the antibacterial activity of kenikir leaf fraction to S. typhi has never been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to the antibacterial activity of extracts and leaf fractions of kenikir to compare their potential against S. typhi. The study was conducted using the disk diffusion method using 5 series of concentrations namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. Tests were carried out on methanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction. The results showed that highest inhibition zone diameter is 7,75 mm which is reached by methanol extract. The order of the highest inhibiting zone diameter are extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction.

scholarly journals Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Etil Asetat dan n-Heksana dari Daun Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.)

KOVALEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Dwi Lestari ◽  
Desy Fitriani ◽  
Serli Anngraeni
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mango Leaves ◽  
Weak Antibacterial Activity

Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) is a typical mango of South Kalimantan. Kasturi mango leaves are reported to have antioxidant activity and are potential for treating various diseases, including diseases related to antibacterial. This study examines the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction and the n-hexane fraction of mango musk leaves on bacteria that cause acne. Experimental research started with plant determination, making extracts and fractions, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes using the disk diffusion method. The study results found that the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions had weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. acnes bacteria, which cause acne

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRUIT BANANA STONE AND MECHANISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Panal Sitorus ◽  
Dwi Suryanto, Hepni
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Cellular Metabolite ◽  
Cell Leakage

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of antibacterial activity of the fraction of banana stone and its mechanism.Methods: The antibacterial activity test was performed using the diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the clear zone around the disc paper.Results: The results of antibacterial activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction was more effective against bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes compared to n-hexane fraction.Conclusion: The resulting cellular metabolite leak showed that cell leakage in the three bacteria due to ethyl acetate fraction had leaked more protein than nucleic acid, while the leakage of more dissolved K+ ion than Ca2 + ions.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE (COFFEA CANEPHORA L.) LEAVES TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
ZAMHARIRA MUSLIM ◽  
YONANIKO DEPHINTO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Robusta Coffee

Objective: This research aims to analyze the ability of robusta coffee leaves fraction extract to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and also determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Methods: Antibacterial activity evaluated by the disc diffusion method observed in four types of fraction of extract robusta coffee leaves (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water). Each extract divided into three various concentrations, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Determination of antimicrobial activity in vitro by the disk diffusion method. Results: Ethyl acetate fraction of coffee leaves extract produced the largest diameter zone of inhibition of bacterial growth compared to other extraction fractions of 17.28 mm in E. coli and 18.58 mm in S. aureus. The MIC of coffee leaves extract fraction water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane on E. coli and S. aureus is 5%, while the fraction ethanol MIC is 10%. Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of ethyl acetate fraction of coffee leaves extract showed an antibacterial effect that was better than the fraction of n-hexane, ethanol, and water.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Activity, Preliminary Phytochemical Screening Profile, and In Vivo Toxicity of Seven Traditional Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyerus Mekuriaw ◽  
Enat Mengistu ◽  
Ayana Erdedo ◽  
Hassen Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Content

The threat of antibiotic-resistance calls for novel antibacterial agents. This study was aimed at screening medicinal plants for their antibacterial properties, phytochemical content and safety. Leaves of Allophylus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Radlk., Dicliptera laxata C.B.Clarke, Ligustrum vulgare L., Solanecio gigas (Vatke) c. Jeffrey and Gymnanthemum myrianthum (Hook.f.) H.Rob.; leaf and stem-bark of Olinia rochetiana A. Juss. and the seed of Cucurbita pepo L. were used. Chloroform and ethanol were used to extract G. myrianthum, D. laxata and O. rochetiana; ethyl acetate and methanol for the rest, and water for all. The extracts were tested against clinical/standard strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus by the agar-diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined. Acute toxicity to mice was checked and preliminary phytochemical screening was done. Thirteen extracts, out of 24, were active (inhibition zone >7 mm) at differing levels (9.67±0.33-25.66±0.57 mm) against at least one bacterial strain. The MICs and MBCs were 1.95-15.6 mg/mL and 7.8-125 mg/mL respectively. The aqueous extract of S. gigas, methanol extracts of L. vulgare and A. abyssinicus, and ethanol extract of O. rochetiana leaf were the most active (MIC 1.95mg/ml) against S. aureus. Ethyl acetate extracts of A. abyssinicus, L. vulgare and S. gigas; aqueous of C. pepo, O. rochetiana and G. myrianthum; and all D. laxata had no antibacterial activity. P. aeruginosa was the least susceptible to any extract, although the methanol and aqueous extracts of S. gigas performed better against it. Preliminary phytochemical screening of selected extracts for phenols, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, steroidal glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, resins and glycosides showed positivity at least for four of these phytochemicals with glycoside and terpenoids in nearly all extracts and resin in none. The plants were not toxic to mice at 2000 mg/kg. Further consideration of S. gigas, L. vulgare, A. abyssinicus and O. rochetiana is recommended in light of their promising potential and safety.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OFMALACCA FRUIT (PHYLLANTUS EMBLICA L.)ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND FRACTIONAGAINSTBACILLUS CEREUS FNCC0057 ANDSHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE ATCC13313

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Tiana Milanda ◽  
Arif Satria Wira Kusuma ◽  
Kuganesh Shanmuganathan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Dried Fruit

Diarrhea is a symptom of a disease, which is characterized by increased frequency of defecation (more than three times a day) with a more fluid of feces. In Ayurvedic medicine, the fruit of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica L.) is often used as an antibacterial and antiviral against various infectious diseases. This study aims to determine:(i) the antibacterial  activities of ethanol extract and its fraction of Malacca fruit, and (ii) determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against diarrhea-causing bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus FNCC0057 and Shigella dysenteriae ATCC13313. The study was  conducted through several processes: (i) the determination of the plant and  preparation dried fruit, (ii) extraction of dried fruit, fractionated extract, antibacterial activity test of ethanol extract and its fractions, (iii) determination MIC and MBC from the most active fractions and (iv) phytochemical screening of fraction. The results showed that ethanol extract, water fraction and ethyl acetate  fraction of Malacca fruit has antibacterial activities against B. cereus FNCC0057 and S. dysenteriae ATCC13313, where the greatest activity was shown by the fraction of ethyl acetate. This fraction has MIC and MBC values of 0.187 - 0.375% (w/v) and and 0.09375 - 0.1875% (w/v) against B. cereus FNCC0057 and S. dysenteriae ATCC13313. The antibacterial activity of this fraction was probably derived from alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, quinone, saponin, monoterpene or sesquiterpene compounds. 

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK MIKROALGA Thalassiosira sp TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Propionibacterium Acne

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Vina Juliana Anggraeni ◽  
Titis Setyaning Wahyu ◽  
Herni Kusriani ◽  
Dewi Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Propionibacterium Acne ◽  
X 24

AbstrakPengembangan obat dan kosmetik dari biota laut kini tengah terjadi di dunia farmasi. Mikroalga Thalassiosira sp merupakan jenis mikroalga yang memiliki kandungan senyawa-senyawa bioaktif. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bawa mikroalga memiliki aktivitas antibakteri.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak mikroalga Thalassiosira sp  terhadap 3 bakteri  yaitu staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis dan propionibakterium Acne di fasa n-heksan, etil asetat dan etanol. Ketiga bakteri ini dapat menyebabkan infeksi kulit. Mikroalga Thalassiosira sp dikultivasi menggunakan medium walne dan di panen pada hari ke-6 setelah penanaman. Pemanen mikroalga dilakukan dengan teknik sentrifuga. Ektrak dilakukan dengan cara  maserasi bertingkat selama 3 x 24 jam. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi kertas cakram atau metode disc diffusion menurut Kirby-Bauer. Hasil ekstrak mikroalga Thalassiosira sp diperoleh paling banyak pada ekstrak etanol sebanyak 24,24%(b/b), ektrak etil asetat sebanyak 19,75%(b/b) dan paling sedikit adalah ekstrak heksan sebanyak 8,64% (b/b). Hasil uji difusi menunjukkan ekstrak n-heksan, etil asetat dan etanol mikroalga Thalassiosira sp memiliki aktivitas terhadap bakteri staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis dan propionibakterium Acne yang ditunjukan dengan adanya zona bening. Kata kunci: mikroalga, Thalassiosira sp, antibakteri, infeksi kulit, metode difusi Abstract Development drugs and cosmetics from marine biota is now being happened in pharmacy word. Microalgae Thalassiosira sp is a type of microalgae that has a bioactive compounds. Several previous studies have shown the existence of microalgae which have antibacterial activity. This study aimed to study the antibacterial activity of extracts of microalgae Thalassiosira sp against 3 bacteria which is staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacterium acne in the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol phases. These three bacteria can cause skin infections. Microalgae Thalassiosira sp was cultivated using walne medium and harvested on the 7th day after planting. Microalgae harvesters are carried out by centrifuge techniques. The extract is done by multilevel maceration for 3 x 24 hours. Antibacterial testing was carried out by the paper diffusion method or Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. The results of the crude extract of microalgae Thalassiosira sp were obtained at most in ethanol extract as much as 24.24% (w/w), extract of ethyl acetate at 19.75% (w / w) and at least hexane extract at 8.64% (w/w). The diffusion test results for n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol microalgae Thalassiosira sp extract have activity on  staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacterium acne which are supported by clear zones. Keywords: mikroalge, Thalassiosira sp, antibacteria, skin infection, diffusion method

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