scholarly journals The Trend of The Returns to Educations in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Nenny Hendajany ◽  
Tri Widodo ◽  
Eny Sulistyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Return To Education ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Young Cohort ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Mincer Equation

This paper describes the rate of return to education in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper was to determine how the trend of return to education from 1993 to 2007. By using Mincer equation, we analyzed return to education in Indonesia with using Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data collected in 1993, 1997, 2000, and 2007. Mincer specification linked between income and education. Income used in this paper was real income of a person who works. The estimation of the rate of return to education started by separating each year data. Then, it used pool data by adding year variable and multiplication variable between year and education. Estimation was also carried out by comparing between men and women. Further, estimation was divided into two age cohorts, young cohort and old cohort. All the results of estimation indicated a decreasing rate of return, the greatest decrease occurred on men with old cohort.Keywords: education, return to education, Mincer equation, trendJEL codes: I26, J30

scholarly journals Perkembangan Tingkat Pengembalian Investasi Pendidikan Antar-Provinsi: Indonesia Family Life Survey 1993–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Nenny Hendajany ◽  
Tri Widodo ◽  
Eny Sulistyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Return To Education ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Study Find ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Keywords Education ◽  
Education Returns

Evolution Returns to Education Across Provinces: Indonesia Family Life Survey 1993–2014This study traces the evolution of return to education using large samples from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). This study apply Mincer Model to find rate of return to education. The rate of return to education decrease from 1993 to 2014 in Indonesia. Interestingly, the declining rate for return to education for men is much larger than for women. Return to education is considerably heterogenic across province and gender. Furthermore, the rate of women is larger than men. Finally, this study find potential experience have not different from 1993 to 1997, but have increased in 2000 and 2014.Keywords: Education; Returns to Education; Mincer ModelAbstrakPenelitian ini melihat perkembangan dari tingkat pengembalian investasi pendidikan (return to education) dengan data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). Penelitian ini menggunakan Model Mincer untuk menentukan tingkat pengembalian investasi pendidikan. Tingkat pengembalian investasi pendidikan menurun dari tahun 1993 sampai 2014. Penurunan tingkat pengembalian investasi pendidikan untuk pria lebih besar dari pada wanita. Hasil tingkat pengembalian investasi pendidikan bervariasi antar-provinsi dan jenis kelamin, namun pada umumnya nilai return pada wanita lebih besar daripada pria. Pengaruh dari pengalaman kerja potensial tidak berbeda dari tahun 1993 sampai 1997, tetapi mulai meningkat di tahun 2000 dan 2014.

Social Norms, Choice, and Work

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gendered Division Of Labor

In modern liberal democracies, the gendered division of labor is partially the result of men and women making different choices about work and family life, even if such choices stem from social norms about gender. The choices that women make relative to men’s disadvantage them in various ways: such choices lead them to earn less, enjoy less power and prestige in the labor market, be less able to participate in the political sphere on an equal basis, make them to some degree financially dependent on others, and leave them at a bargaining disadvantage and vulnerable in certain personal relationships. This chapter considers if and when the state should intervene to address women’s disadvantage and inequalities that are the result of gender specialization. It is argued that political liberals can and sometimes must intervene in the gendered division of labor when persons’ interests as free and equal citizens are frustrated.

scholarly journals ‘Ā’isha, Mother of the Faithful: The Prototype of Muslim Women Ulama

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Fatih Harpci
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Teaching Knowledge ◽  
Ideal Woman ◽  
Muslim Men

Having a unique intelligence and assertiveness, ‘Ā’isha has been regarded Islam’s ideal woman scholar. She was not only as one of the earliest reporters of the authentic sayings of the Prophet Muḥammad, but also a great source for conveying his private family life. The article seeks to show that ‘Ā’isha’s life in the 7th century Arabia is especially remarkable when examined through the lenses of contemporary times. Her main characteristic was her critical, ever-inquisitive, and curious mind. Through the questions she was able to ask, ‘Ā’isha became a bridge between the time of the Prophet and the contemporary Muslim life. The important role she played in the scholarly efforts of Muslim men and women in learning and teaching knowledge needs to be examined and properly emphasized. Her sound scholarship in Islamic disciplines include but was not necessarily be limited to hadith, tafsīr, fiqh, literature, and poetry. Today Muslim women may take ‘Ā’isha not only as a pious example, but follow her intelligence, curiosity, and reasoning.[Dengan kecerdasan dan kepercayaan diri yang khas, Ā’isha terkenal sebagai seorang ulama perempuan yang ideal. Tidak hanya dikenal sebagai perawi hadis, dia juga merupakan rujukan yang hebat mengenai masalah-masalah pribadi dan keluarga. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa kehidupa seorang Ā’isha pada abad ke-7 di Arabia sangatlah luar biasa pada masanya, dengan karakternya yang kritis, penuh rasa ingin tahu, dan bersemangat untuk mempelajari apa saja. Melalui pertanyaan yang dapat diajukan, Ā’isha mampu menjadi jembatan antara Nabi dan kehidupan umat masa itu. Peran penting yang dia mainkan dalam dunia keilmuan serta pembelajaran dan pengajaran sangat perlu diteliti dan digarisbawahi. Pandangan-pandangannya mencakup --tetapi tidak sebatas-- hadis, tafsir, fikih, sastra, dan puisi. Perempuan Islam saat ini tidak hanya dapat mengikuti Ā’isha sebagai teladan kesalihan, tetapi juga mesti mengikuti kecerdasan, keingintahuan, dan penalarannya.]

scholarly journals Perempuan dan Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Sektor Informal di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Vitriyani Tri Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey

Rumah tangga yang dipimpin oleh perempuan cenderung lebih banyak berkerja pada sektor informal yang memiliki pendapatan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kesejahteraan antara pekerja informal dan formal di antara rumah tangga yang dipimpin oleh seorang perempuan. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang berasal dari Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2014, dengan metode analisis Two Stage LeastSquare (2SLS) menggunakan pendekatan instrumental variable. Temuan dari penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa rumah tangga yang dikepalai oleh perempuan yang bekerja di sektor informal memiliki kesejahteraan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga sektor formal. Usia kepala rumah tangga perempuan yang lebih dewasa, memiliki lahan pertanian dan tabungan mampu meningkatkan pengeluaran per kapita bulanan.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa adanya kesenjangan antar sektor namun kepemilikan aset dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan di antara rumah tangga perempuan.

scholarly journals Impact Evaluation of Raskin Program using Matching Method: Case of IFLS 5

JEJAK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Endiarjati Dewandaru Sadono
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
Small Benefit ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Beras untuk Keluarga Miskin (RASKIN) program has been applied since 1998 and has been renamed as Beras Sejahtera (RASTRA) in early 2017, but their effectiveness is still debatable. This study tries to evaluate the impact of RASKIN program on household income. Using data from 3,745 households in Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 that has been estimated using propensity score matching, this study has identified precisely that RASKIN program has a negative and significant effect on household income. This happens because the benefits that reveived by Rumah Tangga Sasaran (RTS) are very small. The small benefit is affected by the amount of rice received, frequency and price that have been paid to get RASKIN is not in accordance with the guidelines. The result of this study is along with previous studies, where the amount and price of rice that distributed through RASKIN program is not exactly correct. Therefore, there must be a change in program format, not just renaming from RASKIN to RASTRA only.

scholarly journals Protective versus risk factors for self-objectification in different age and gender cohorts

Psihologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Rollero ◽  
Silvia Gattino ◽  
Piccoli de ◽  
Angela Fedi
Keyword(s):  
Body Shame ◽  
Body Surveillance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Objectified Body Consciousness ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Self Objectification ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Versus Risk

The harmful effects of objectification and self-objectification have been widely investigated, but few studies have examined factors that may predict self-objectification. This research intends to assess the protective versus risk role of sociodemographic and physical characteristics (age, BMI), psychosocial variables (self-esteem; self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism), and social factors (influence of family and friends; internalization of media standards) on self-objectification in men and women. The selfobjectification was assessed with two subscales of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale: Body Shame and Body Surveillance. Participants were 812 Italian adults of different age cohorts (age range 21?60 years; 50.7% females) recruited via a quota sampling method. Two regression models separately for males and females were performed. Results showed that mass media influence was the strongest predictor for body surveillance and body shame in both men and women, whereas gender-related patterns emerged for physical, psychological, and relational variables with age as moderator.

Gender Inequalities and Risk During the ‘Rush Hour’ of Life

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Bowman ◽  
Eve Bodsworth ◽  
Jens O. Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Rational Action ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Normative Expectations

Increasingly, social policies combine to intensify old risks and create new social risks with unequal consequences for men and women. These risks include those created by changing normative expectations and the resulting tensions between social policy, paid employment and family life. Policy reliance on highly aggregated standardised outcome data and generalised models of autonomous rational action result in policies that lack an understanding of the rationales that structure everyday life. Drawing on two Australian studies, we illustrate the importance of attending to the intersections and collisions of social change and normative policy frameworks from the perspective of individual ‘lived lives’.

scholarly journals Effects of social network diversity in the disablement process: a comparison of causal inference methods and an outcome-wide approach to the Indonesian Family Life Surveys, 2007–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schröders ◽  
Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi ◽  
Maria Nilsson ◽  
Mark Nichter ◽  
Miguel San Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Disablement Process ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Social networks (SN) have been proven to be instrumental for healthy aging and function as important safety nets, particular for older adults in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite the importance of interpreting health outcomes in terms of SN, in many LMICs – including Indonesia – epidemiological studies and policy responses on the health effects of SN for aging populations are still uncommon. Using outcome-wide multi-method approaches to longitudinal panel data, this study aims to outline more clearly the role of SN diversity in the aging process in Indonesia. We explore whether and to what degree there is an association of SN diversity with adult health outcomes and investigate potential gender differences, heterogeneous treatment effects, and effect gradients along disablement processes. Methods Data came from the fourth and fifth waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey fielded in 2007–08 and 2014–15. The analytic sample consisted of 3060 adults aged 50+ years. The primary exposure variable was the diversity of respondents’ SN at baseline. This was measured through a social network index (SNI), conjoining information about household size together with a range of social ties with whom respondents had active contact across six different types of role relationships. Guided by the disablement process model, a battery of 19 outcomes (8 pathologies, 5 impairments, 4 functional limitations, 2 disabilities) were included into analyses. Evidence for causal effects of SN diversity on health was evaluated using outcome-wide multivariable regression adjustment (RA), propensity score matching (PSM), and instrumental variable (IV) analyses. Results At baseline, 60% of respondents had a low SNI. Results from the RA and PSM models showed greatest concordance and that among women a diverse SN was positively associated with pulmonary outcomes and upper and lower body functions. Both men and women with a high SNI reported less limitations in performing activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL) tasks. A high SNI was negatively associated with C-reactive protein levels in women. The IV analyses yielded positive associations with cognitive functions for both men and women. Conclusions Diverse SN confer a wide range of strong and heterogeneous long-term health effects, particularly for older women. In settings with limited formal welfare protection, intervening in the SN of older adults and safeguarding their access to diverse networks can be an investment in population health, with manifold implications for health and public policy.

A Woman's Place … Employment and Family Life for Men and Women

2012 ◽  
pp. 160-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Crompton ◽  
Michaela Brockmann ◽  
Richard D. Wiggins
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Men And Women
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