scholarly journals Estimating the Minimal Size of Training Datasets Required for the Development of Linear ECG-Lead Transformations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Guldenring ◽  
Ali Rababah ◽  
Dewar D Finlay ◽  
Raymond R Bond ◽  
Alan Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Size

scholarly journals Minicircles for Investigating and Treating Arthritic Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Yeri Alice Rim ◽  
Yoojun Nam ◽  
Narae Park ◽  
Ji Hyeon Ju
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Gene Delivery System ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Efficient Delivery

Gene delivery systems have become an essential component of research and the development of therapeutics for various diseases. Minicircles are non-viral vectors with promising characteristics for application in a variety of fields. With their minimal size, minicircles exhibit relatively high safety and efficient delivery of genes of interest into cells. Cartilage tissue lacks the natural ability to heal, making it difficult to treat osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which are the two main types of joint-related disease. Although both OA and RA affect the joint, RA is an autoimmune disease, while OA is a degenerative joint condition. Gene transfer using minicircles has also been used in many studies regarding cartilage and its diseased conditions. In this review, we summarize the cartilage-, OA-, and RA-based studies that have used minicircles as the gene delivery system.

A geometric approach to quantum circuit lower bounds

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Quantum Circuit ◽  
Geodesic Equation ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Minimal Length ◽  
Finsler Metric ◽  
Finsler Metrics ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Circuit Lower Bounds

What is the minimal size quantum circuit required to exactly implement a specified n-qubit unitary operation, U, without the use of ancilla qubits? We show that a lower bound on the minimal size is provided by the length of the minimal geodesic between U and the identity, I, where length is defined by a suitable Finsler metric on the manifold SU(2^n). The geodesic curves on these manifolds have the striking property that once an initial position and velocity are set, the remainder of the geodesic is completely determined by a second order differential equation known as the geodesic equation. This is in contrast with the usual case in circuit design, either classical or quantum, where being given part of an optimal circuit does not obviously assist in the design of the rest of the circuit. Geodesic analysis thus offers a potentially powerful approach to the problem of proving quantum circuit lower bounds. In this paper we construct several Finsler metrics whose minimal length geodesics provide lower bounds on quantum circuit size. For each Finsler metric we give a procedure to compute the corresponding geodesic equation. We also construct a large class of solutions to the geodesic equation, which we call \emph{Pauli geodesics}, since they arise from isometries generated by the Pauli group. For any unitary U diagonal in the computational basis, we show that: (a) provided the minimal length geodesic is unique, it must be a Pauli geodesic; (b) finding the length of the minimal Pauli geodesic passing from I to U is equivalent to solving an exponential size instance of the closest vector in a lattice problem (CVP); and (c) all but a doubly exponentially small fraction of such unitaries have minimal Pauli geodesics of exponential length.

scholarly journals Application of microwave sensor technology in cardiovascular disease for plaque detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wagner ◽  
Sebastian Vogt ◽  
Farabi Ibne Jamal ◽  
Subhajit Guha ◽  
Christian Wenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Microwave Sensor ◽  
Early Diagnose ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
Plaque Detection

AbstractArteriosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality. Improved methods for vascular plaque detection allow early diagnose and better therapeutic options. Present diagnostic tools require intense technical expenditure and diminish value of modern screening methods. Our group developed an microwave sensor for on-site detection of plaque formation in arterial vessels. The sensor is an oscillator working around 27 GHz which is coupled to a microstrip stub line. The final flexible polyimid interposer has a length of 38 cm, a width of 1.2 mm and a thickness of 200 μm. Because of its minimal size the interposer completed a catheter with a diameter of 8F ready for further clinical use in cardiology and heart surgery.

scholarly journals Contrast Echocardiography and Migraine in Divers with Patent Foramen Ovale

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Di Fabio ◽  
Elisabetta Giugni ◽  
Imerio Angeloni ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
Carlo Casali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Patent Foramen Ovale ◽  
Contrast Echocardiography ◽  
Paradoxical Embolism ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Cerebral Embolization ◽  
Contrast Solution

Background:It has been proposed that the patent foramen ovale (PFO) may be associated with migraine, in particular migraine with aura. However, it is not clear whether paradoxical embolism triggers crises of headache. Cerebral embolization is provoked in subjects with PFO through contrast echocardiography, a safe method to diagnose the presence of foramen ovale pervium.Methods:Twenty-four men practicing diving, an activity characterized by increased prevalence of PFO and migraine, underwent trans-thoracic echocardiography with contrast solution, composed of saline and air mixture and checked for the occurrence of migraine in the following 24 hours.Results:A PFO (five of minimal size, i.e. visible only during Valsalva, one of small and two of medium size) was detected in 8/24 divers (33%). No one reported headache over the 24 hours after the procedure.Discussion:Our preliminary data suggest that cerebral micro-embolism, provoked by contrast echocardiography, does not systematically trigger migraine crises when a minimal-to-medium sized patent foramen ovale is present.

Minimal Size of Counters for (Real-Time) Multicounter Automata

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Viliam Geffert ◽  
Zuzana Bednárová
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Representation ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Nondeterministic Automaton ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Weak Space ◽  
Fixed Constant

We show that, for automata using a finite number of counters, the minimal space that is required for accepting a nonregular language is (log n)ɛ. This is required for weak space bounds on the size of their counters, for real-time and one-way, and for nondeterministic and alternating versions of these automata. The same holds for two-way automata, independent of whether they work with strong or weak space bounds, and of whether they are deterministic, nondeterministic, or alternating. (Here ɛ denotes an arbitrarily small—but fixed—constant; the “space” refers to the values stored in the counters, rather than to the lengths of their binary representation.) On the other hand, we show that the minimal space required for accepting a nonregular language is nɛ for multicounter automata with strong space bounds, both for real-time and one-way versions, independent of whether they are deterministic, nondeterministic, or alternating, and also for real-time and one-way deterministic multicounter automata with weak space bounds. All these bounds are optimal both for unary and general nonregular languages. However, for automata equipped with only one counter, it was known that one-way nondeterministic automata cannot recognize any unary nonregular languages at all, even if the size of the counter is not restricted, while, with weak space bound log n, we present a real-time nondeterministic automaton recognizing a binary nonregular language here.

Characterization of the minimal size of synaptobrevin cleaved by tetanus toxin: Antagonist properties of the metabolite on Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release

Peptides 1994 ◽  
1995 ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
F. Cornille ◽  
F. Deloye ◽  
J. M. Soleilhac ◽  
B. Poulain ◽  
M. C. Fournié-Zaluski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetanus Toxin ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Minimal Size

scholarly journals On the Moraic Weight Representation of Geminates in Taguinian Algerian Arabic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Meymouna Bourzeg ◽  
Radwan S. Mahadin
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Minimality Condition ◽  
Tape Recording ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Spoken Arabic

This study sheds light on the moraic representation of geminates in Taguinian Spoken Arabic (TSA), a dialect of Algerian Arabic. The examined data were primarily provided by the first researcher who is a native speaker of the variety under scrutiny. To increase data reliability, the spontaneous speech of five Taguinian native speakers was analyzed by means of note taking and tape recording. The researchers support geminates’ moraicity in TSA by proffering three pieces of evidence, namely bimoraic word minimality condition, word stress, and long vowel shortening before geminates. A systematic analysis of the data via the use of optimality framework comes out with the following findings. First, the presence of CVG words demonstrates that geminates, in this variety, are underlyingly weight bearing since the minimal size of prosodic words is bimoraic. Second, the mechanism by which stress is attracted to CVG syllables proves that CVG syllables are heavy syllables wherein its second mora is carried by the geminate consonant. Third, the non-cooccurrence of long vowels and geminate consonants within the same syllable is another proof for the moraicity of geminates as trimoraic syllables are banned in TSA.

LFSR-Keyed MUX for Random Number Generation in Nano Communication Using QCA

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
Padmapriya Praveenkumar ◽  
Santhiya Devi R. ◽  
Amirtharajan Rengarajan ◽  
John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Random Number ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Random Number Generation ◽  
Linear Feedback ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Quantum Cellular Automata ◽  
Technology Roadmap ◽  
Feedback Shift Register

Nano industries have been successful trendsetters for the past 30 years, in escalating the speed and dropping the power necessities of nanoelectronic devices. According to Moore's law and the assessment created by the international technology roadmap for semiconductors, beyond 2020, there will be considerable restrictions in manufacturing IC's based on CMOS technologies. As a result, the next prototype to get over these effects is quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). In this chapter, an efficient quantum cellular automata (QCA) based random number generator (RNG) is proposed. QCA is an innovative technology in the nano regime which guarantees large device density, less power dissipation, and minimal size as compared to the various CMOS technologies. With the aim to maximise the randomness in the proposed nano communication, a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) keyed multiplexer with ring oscillators is developed. The developed RNG is simulated using a quantum cellular automata (QCA) simulator tool.

scholarly journals Human Spermatogenesis Tolerates Massive Size Reduction of the Pseudoautosomal Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1961-1964
Author(s):  
Maki Fukami ◽  
Yasuko Fujisawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Ono ◽  
Tomoko Jinno ◽  
Tsutomu Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Male Meiosis ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Pseudoautosomal Region ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses ◽  
Human Spermatogenesis ◽  
Complete Deletion ◽  
Chromosomal Recombination

Abstract Mammalian male meiosis requires homologous recombination between the X and Y chromosomes. In humans, such recombination occurs exclusively in the short arm pseudoautosomal region (PAR1) of 2.699 Mb in size. Although it is known that complete deletion of PAR1 causes spermatogenic arrest, no studies have addressed to what extent male meiosis tolerates PAR1 size reduction. Here, we report two families in which PAR1 partial deletions were transmitted from fathers to their offspring. Cytogenetic analyses revealed that a ∼400-kb segment at the centromeric end of PAR1, which accounts for only 14.8% of normal PAR1 and 0.26% and 0.68% of the X and Y chromosomes, respectively, is sufficient to mediate sex chromosomal recombination during spermatogenesis. These results highlight the extreme recombinogenic activity of human PAR1. Our data, in conjunction with previous findings from animal studies, indicate that the minimal size requirement of mammalian PARs to maintain male fertility is fairly small.

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