scholarly journals Some notes on the pedagogical value of historical pathological science examples from Chemistry and Physics, and related sciences

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 747-760
Author(s):  
Sérgio Paulo Jorge Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Human Dimension ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Scientific Fraud ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pathological Science ◽  
Successes And Failures

ResumoOs dados biográficos sobre cientistas, e em particular de químicos e físicos, podem ser usados como elemento motivador dos estudantes e público assim como um instrumento humanizador da ciência e demonstrativo da forma como esta funciona na prática. A dimensão humana da ciência emerge naturalmente da análise de apontamentos biográficos que enfatizem os dilemas e os sucessos e fracassos dos cientistas. Os episódios históricos e as atitudes e acções dos cientistas mostram como funciona a ciência e dão aos estudantes e público a possibilidade de reflectirem sobre a ciência e a sua humanidade, assim como de desenvolverem a capacidade de desconfiar do anacronismo, da pseudo-ciência, da ciência patológica e da fraude científica, para melhor apreciarem e entenderem o desenvolvimento da ciência. Começando com uma breve revisão dos sintomas e critérios propostos na literatura para distinguir desvios anormais, neste trabalho são analisados alguns casos de produção de ciência patológica nos campos da química e da física, procurando, a partir destes, evidenciar caminhos pedagógicos que fomentem o espírito crítico dos estudantes e do público. Palavras-chave: Biografias de cientistas, estratégias pedagógicas, humanidade da ciência, pseudo-ciência, ciência patológica. Abstract Biographical data about scientists, and in particular about chemists and physicists, can be used for engaging students and the public, humanizing the science image, and for demonstrating how it works in the practice. The human dimension of science emerges naturally from the analysis of biographical aspects that emphasize the dilemmas and the successes and failures of scientists. The historical episodes and the attitudes and actions of scientists show how science works and offer students and public the opportunity to reflect about science and its humanity, as well as to develop the capacity to distrust anachronism, pseudo-science, pathological science, and scientific fraud in order to better appreciate and understand the action and development of science. Starting with a brief review of the symptoms and criteria proposed in the literature to distinguish deviations from normal science, this work analyzes some cases of production of pathological science, focusing on chemistry and physics, seeking pedagogical paths that foster the critical spirit of students and the public.Keywords: Biographies of scientists, pedagogical strategies, the humanity of science, pseudo-science, pathological science.

scholarly journals Thin Edge of Barbwire: Pedagogical Strategies Against Borders

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heath Schultz
Keyword(s):  
White Supremacy ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Art Students ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
Collaborative Art ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Successes And Failures

“Thin Edge of Barbwire,” a reference to Gloria Anzaldúa’s poetry, doubles as the title of this paper and a collaborative art project undertaken by university art students resulting in the creation of a 30’ wall. This project was, in effect, a response to the Trump presidency and students’ fear of increased violence on the border. This paper describes in detail the month-long unit that included readings, dialog, and creative responses to recent histories of the border and students’ personal relationship to violence on the border. I use the project as a case study to consider antiracist pedagogies, confronting white-supremacy in the classroom, and successes and failures of the project. Finally, I reflect broadly on the role of creative and artistic response to political crises. 

scholarly journals Aprendizaje Basado en la Investigación (ABI) como potencializador del estudio fisiológico de especies agrícolas y arbóreas del bosque Alto Andino, Colombia / Research-based learning (ABI) as a potentializer of the physiologic study of agricultural and arboreal species in the high andean forest, Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Martha Patricia Ochoa Reyes ◽  
Miguel Antonio Murcia Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
The Public

ABSTRACT Pedagogical strategies following both the ABI model and the interest pedagogy were implemented in order to vegetal physiology lesson students to promote their motivation, basic competences and research abilities, and to develop in a holistic way the conceptualization of plants as open, complex and cybernetic systems. So, higher levels of motivation and researching abilities were achieved, as expressed by better resolutions of biological questions, along with empowering of the experimental design and the statistical method, in addition to a high expository capacity of both written and verbal results during the public defens of talks in national congresses.RESUMENCon el propósito de promover la motivación, las competencias básicas (interpretativa, argumentativa y propositiva) y las  habilidades  investigativas, en los estudiantes del curso de fisiología vegetal del programa de biología de la Universidad de Pamplona, se implementaron estrategias pedagógicas siguiendo el modelo ABI y la pedagogía de los intereses, para la comprensión integral del concepto de planta como sistema abierto, complejo y cibernético. Desde el punto de vista conceptual, se logró construir, participativamente, una visión holística de la planta; desde lo pedagógico, se alcanzaron mayores niveles de motivación  y de capacidad investigativa, expresada en una mejor resolución de las preguntas biológicas, con empoderamiento del diseño experimental y del método estadístico, alta capacidad expositiva de los resultados tanto escritos como verbales, junto con la defensa pública en ponencias a nivel de semilleros de estudiantes y congresos nacionales.

scholarly journals Democratizing Knowledge: Using Wikipedia for Inclusive Teaching and Research in Four Undergraduate Classes

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Angela Pratesi ◽  
Wendy Miller ◽  
Elizabeth Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Women Artists ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Art Educators ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Public Nature ◽  
Student Information ◽  
Public Audience ◽  
Literacy Research

In four undergraduate arts-related courses taught by three faculty, undergraduate students learned how to edit Wikipedia to present authentic research to a public audience. The goal was to increase free and open access to information about women and minoritized individuals in the arts, while simultaneously facilitating the acquisition and practice of student information literacy, research, and writing skills. This article outlines the assignments for each class, summarizes the reflections of students regarding their perception of learning, and discusses the pedagogical strategies and impact of using Wikipedia editing as a research assignment. While each faculty had diverse parameters and outcomes for her respective assignment and course, overall the public nature of writing for Wikipedia and the demonstrated need for presenting the contributions of women art educators, women artists, and Haitian artists created a common motivation for students and faculty to work together as knowledge constructors.

Jewish Medical Practitioners in the Medieval Muslim World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efraim Lev
Keyword(s):  
Muslim World ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Court Orders ◽  
Cairo Genizah ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Successes And Failures

This book aims to bring together all available biographical data on Jewish medical practitioners (physicians and pharmacists) across all the socio-economic strata, living in urban as well as in rural locations in the Muslim world during the 9th-16th centuries. The biographies are based mainly on information gathered from the wealth of primary sources found in the Cairo Genizah (letters, commercial documents, court orders, lists of donors) and Muslim Arabic sources (biographical dictionaries, historical and geographical literature). Each one of the biographies presented in the book is a small case study! The biographies enable a unique insight into all aspect of life of Jewish physicians/pharmacists in the medieval Muslim world. The analysis of the more than 600 biographies that are presented in the book exposes readers to various issues such as: professional, personal and daily lives; their successes and failures; families and dynasties of practitioners, clarifying their communal and even financial affairs as well as their inter-religious relationships. Both the biographies and the discussion elucidate various views and aspects of the medicine practiced at that period by Muslim, Jews and Christians. Therefore, the book demonstrates an important and different angle on medieval Arabic medicine.

Fixing the SIC

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Organizational Conflict ◽  
The Public ◽  
Crisis Events ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Communication Practices ◽  
Media Message ◽  
Public Views ◽  
Successes And Failures

Social media platforms provide channels for both individuals and organizations to engage with global audiences. A successful social media message can reach millions and shape the way the public views a particular person, group, or cause. As organizations become more engaged with the public through social media platforms, a new area of organizational risk has also developed. It is possible for an organization to create a self-inflicted crisis through the unintentional transmission of a poorly worded or ill-conceived social media message. This type of self-induced crisis event creates organizational conflict that must be managed quickly. This chapter explores three cases of organizational conflict resulting from self-inflicted crisis events. All three events caused major conversations to erupt on social media platforms. The author examines the social media-based communication practices of three organizations and draws lessons from both successes and failures for how organizations should respond to self-inflicted crises.

Learning about Conspiracy Theories

2018 ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay T. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Scientific Fraud ◽  
Public Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Vocal Minority ◽  
Fukushima Disaster

The triple disaster of the earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear reactor meltdowns that struck Japan in March 2011 led to the release of massive amounts of radioactive isotopes into the environment. My research and that of other professionals in the international scientific community demonstrates that the short- and long-term impacts of these releases on environmental and human health will be difficult to detect. Most of the public response to my work on the Fukushima disaster has been positive. However, a vocal minority, enamored of conspiracy theories, responded with personal threats, accusations of scientific fraud, and attacks on my professional and personal integrity.

The Politics of Management Improvement in the States

1953 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. Bosworth
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
The State ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
Successes And Failures ◽  
Management Improvement

In the wake of the Hoover Commission reports, a great majority of the states authorized special inquiries into the organization and operation of their executive institutions. With very few exceptions, the numerous postwar movements for state reorganization appear to have resulted in only moderate or negligible legislative acceptance of the reorganization proposals. The spectacle of such meager accomplishment from so much effort invites reflection on the politics of management improvement in the states.Through the generous cooperation of professional colleagues about the country, data were assembled on the successes and failures of these reorganization movements, upon the initiation, organization, and scope of the surveys, and upon the methods of presenting the survey reports to the legislatures and to the public. The data cover thirty states, in twenty-four of which the state legislature has had at least one chance to consider commission recommendations. In the remaining six states the reports are still in the process of preparation, or await legislative consideration. Included in the twenty-four are four states in which the study group has made some reports but continues in existence to make further reports, so that the success of the efforts in these states must be, tentatively judged on the basis of legislative reception of reports so far received.

scholarly journals Fraud in biomedical literature

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Vuckovic-Dekic
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Deviant Behaviour ◽  
Scientific Fraud ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Grave Danger

The basic ethical principles in science are internationally recognised in all disciplines of science. The first among these is honesty - both towards oneself and towards others. The betrayal of this principle can be seen as deviant behaviour, which may result in the most serious violation of the high ethical standards of science - scientific fraud. Fraudulent behaviour in biomedical sciences is particularly damaging, since all diagnostic and treatment decisions are based on what is published in medical literature. The betrayers of science undermine, to a great extent, the public trust in science, and may destroy the confidence scientists have in each other as well, which is a grave danger to science itself. In this article, several high profile cases of scientific fraud - involving falsification, fabrication of data, and plagiarism - are described. The damaging effect they had on both science and the scientific community led to the codification of the concept of Good Scientific Practice (GSP) - an international quality standard for designing, conducting, recording, and reporting research. The concept of GSP sets internationally valid benchmarks for quality assurance, and also provides safeguards against scientific dishonesty and fraud.

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