UM PANORAMA SOBRE A INOVAÇÃO SUSTENTÁVEL NAS PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS: REVISÃO DA LITERATURA E PRINCIPAIS DESAFIOS

The debate on eco-innovation, although recent, is gaining relevance in the practical context of business and academia. The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristics and determinants of eco-innovation in SMEs from a systematic review of the literature. After reviewing the literature on eco-innovation in databases, it was possible to identify a list of relevant aspects on eco-innovation in the field of SMEs. Some of the main conclusions point to the need to contemplate in eco-innovation projects the three dimensions Of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental; The lack of neutrality in regulation and policies, which prioritises large companies to the detriment of SMEs; Specific actions for SMEs, technological advice, and awareness-raising, and training programs should be taken to improve cooperation with external stakeholders. Among the main barriers were the lack of resources (capital, knowledge, and skills), the focus of short-term management and the difficulty in radically innovating. Finally, the determinants and critical factors are associated with the innovative behaviour of SMEs in using networks to overcome their shortcomings, the role of the owner in driving innovation and its orientation towards sustainability within the enterprise, the long-term orientation of firm and, above all, the need for greater investment in innovation.

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Tactile and Visual Reading

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x7506900401 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 145-154

Author(s):

Barry E. Hampshire

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Sensory Register ◽

Sense Of Touch ◽

Visual Reading

Based on a review of the literature on reading, including the details of its information processing aspects and the role of the sensory register, short-term memory, and long-term memory, it is concluded that both visual and tactile reading involve the same basic processes. Taking into account what is known about visual reading and the results of recent experiments on the sense of touch, it is suggested that certain simplifications in the braille code and changes in the mode of presentation (dynamic-rhythmic rather than spatial) would considerably improve the efficiency of braille reading.

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Examining Succession and Replacement Planning in Work organizations

European Journal of Business Management and Research ◽

10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.2.192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Peace Ifidon Gabriel ◽

Chris Samuel Biriowu ◽

Eli Legg-Jack Dagogo

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Succession Planning ◽

Knowledge Capital ◽

Work Organizations ◽

Short Term ◽

Specialty Area ◽

Systematic Effort ◽

And Training

Succession planning and replacement planning are both strategies that are incredibly important to the lifeline of any organization. Succession planning is a deliberate and systematic effort by an organization to ensure leadership continuity in key positions, retain and develop intellectual and knowledge capital for the future, and encourage individual advancement. Replacement planning is the process of identifying short-term and long-term emergency backups to ﬁll critical positions or to take the place of critical people. This paper examines the role of succession and replacement planning in improving organizational performance. It established the importance; types; features and objectives of succession planning in the workplace. The paper juxtaposed replacement and succession planning in the workplace, established the development plan of replacement planning and examines how succession and replacement planning helps to improve on the performance of the organization. The paper identified that succession planning and replacement planning are two different strategies; succession planning is oriented around developing people through training, mentoring, coaching, while replacement planning is focused on meeting the demands of emergencies in the organization. The paper further identified that from the perspective of the workplace succession planning helps the organization to access the risk in key position, minimizes risk through appropriate compensation, recognition and management, and assuring the readiness of successors by identifying and training high potential employees. Replacement planning assumes a stable and unchanging organizational structure, which encourages silo-d thinking about talent since in most cases; replacements come from a specific specialty area. The paper concludes that these strategies are incredibly important to the lifeline of any organization as they both assists to improve organizational performance. The paper recommends that Organizations should make use of replacement planning and succession planning; together they can mitigate the risks of any organization going out of business.

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Role of Milrinone in the Management of Congestive Heart Failure

DICP ◽

10.1177/106002808902300501 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 357-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniel E. Hilleman ◽

William P. Forbes

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Congestive Heart Failure ◽

Oral Dosage ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Short Term ◽

Short Term Treatment ◽

Duration Of Action ◽

Term Management

Milrinone is a bipyridine derivative with positive inotropic and vasodilating properties. The intravenous form of the drug has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for short-term management of congestive heart failure (CHF). The FDA has requested additional mortality data prior to approval of the oral form. Milrinone produces positive inotropic and vasodilating effects through unknown mechanisms, and causes a dose-dependent increase in cardiac index and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. It is extensively absorbed following oral administration with an elimination half-life of approximately 1.5–2 hours and a corresponding duration of action of 3–6 hours. Its major route of elimination is renal (83 percent). The intravenous dose is 50 μg/kg given over ten minutes, followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.375–0.75 μg/kg/min titrated to the desired hemodynamic response. The average effective oral dosage is 7.5–10 mg four to six times daily. Milrinone is most effective in the short-term management of CHF where the majority (60–80 percent) of patients have symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement as well as increases in exercise duration. However, many patients do not derive long-term benefit from milrinone therapy. Available evidence suggests that milrinone does not arrest the natural progression of CHF, and some investigators feel it may actually worsen CHF and shorten patients' length of survival. Milrinone has been generally well tolerated with a low risk of major organ toxicity. The most common adverse reactions with intravenous milrinone include ventricular arrhythmias (12 percent) and supraventricular arrhythmias (4 percent). Oral milrinone may cause gastrointestinal disturbances (11 percent), cardiac arrhythmias (7 percent), headache (7 percent), dizziness (6 percent), palpitations (6 percent), fatigue (3 percent), tachycardia (2 percent), and increased hepatic enzymes (2 percent). Although not proven, the major concern with milrinone is its potential to be proarrhythmic, leading to a higher incidence of sudden death in patients treated over the long term. Experience with milrinone indicates that its usefulness may be limited to the short-term treatment of CHF. Until mortality evaluations are complete, the role of milrinone in the long-term management of CHF will remain undefined.

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Impact of FII’s and FDI’s on Indian Stock Market

Adhyayan A Journal of Management Sciences ◽

10.21567/adhyayan.v1i1.10220 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Kamlesh Kumar Shukla

Keyword(s):

Stock Market ◽

Financial Markets ◽

Global Economy ◽

Short Term ◽

Earnings Growth ◽

The Past ◽

Bull Market ◽

Indian Stock Market

FIIs are companies registered outside India. In the past four years there has been more than $41 trillion worth of FII funds invested in India. This has been one of the major reasons on the bull market witnessing unprecedented growth with the BSE Sensex rising 221% in absolute terms in this span. The present downfall of the market too is influenced as these FIIs are taking out some of their invested money. Though there is a lot of value in this market and fundamentally there is a lot of upside in it. For long-term value investors, there’s little because for worry but short term traders are adversely getting affected by the role of FIIs are playing at the present. Investors should not panic and should remain invested in sectors where underlying earnings growth has little to do with financial markets or global economy.

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Introduction: Kinship Bereavement in Later Life

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.2190/bd9q-rqyb-1x18-9evp ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brian De Vries

Keyword(s):

Adult Child ◽

Later Life ◽

Short Term ◽

Traumatic Grief ◽

Death Of A Parent ◽

De Vries ◽

Longitudinal Effects ◽

Analysis Of Variation

This article introduces a volume devoted to the examination of later-life bereavement: an analysis of variation in cause, course, and consequence. Six articles address and represent this variation and comprise this volume: 1) Prigerson et al. present case histories of the traumatic grief of spouses; 2) Hays et al. highlight the bereavement experiences of siblings in contrast to those spouses and friends; 3) Moss et al. address the role of gender in middle-aged children's responses to parent death; 4) Bower focuses on the language adopted by these adult children in accepting the death of a parent; 5) de Vries et al. explore the long-term, longitudinal effects on the psychological and somatic functioning of parents following the death of an adult child; and 6) Fry presents the short-term and longitudinal reactions of grandparents to the death of a grandchild. A concluding article is offered by de Vries stressing both the unique and common features of these varied bereavement experiences touching on some of the empirical issues and suggesting potential implications and applications.

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Shades between Black and Green Investment: Balance or Imbalance?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13095024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 5024

Author(s):

Vítor Manuel de Sousa Gabriel ◽

María Mar Miralles-Quirós ◽

José Luis Miralles-Quirós

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Oil Prices ◽

Oil Price ◽

Short Term ◽

Environmental Indices ◽

Long Run ◽

Green Investment ◽

Bounds Test

This paper analyses the links established between environmental indices and the oil price adopting a double perspective, long-term and short-term relationships. For that purpose, we employ the Bounds Test and bivariate conditional heteroscedasticity models. In the long run, the pattern of behaviour of environmental indices clearly differed from that of the oil prices, and it was not possible to identify cointegrating vectors. In the short-term, it was possible to conclude that, in contemporaneous terms, the variables studied tended to follow similar paths. When the lag of the oil price variable was considered, the impacts produced on the stock market sectors were partially of a negative nature, which allows us to suppose that this variable plays the role of a risk factor for environmental investment.

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The key role of contact time in elucidating the mechanisms of enhanced decontamination by Fe0/MnO2/sand systems

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91475-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Viet Cao ◽

Ghinwa Alyoussef ◽

Nadège Gatcha-Bandjun ◽

Willis Gwenzi ◽

Chicgoua Noubactep

Keyword(s):

Contact Time ◽

Diffusive Transport ◽

Iron Hydroxides ◽

Iron Corrosion ◽

Short Term ◽

Batch Studies ◽

Water Decontamination ◽

Co Precipitation

AbstractMetallic iron (Fe0) has shown outstanding performances for water decontamination and its efficiency has been improved by the presence of sand (Fe0/sand) and manganese oxide (Fe0/MnOx). In this study, a ternary Fe0/MnOx/sand system is characterized for its discoloration efficiency of methylene blue (MB) in quiescent batch studies for 7, 18, 25 and 47 days. The objective was to understand the fundamental mechanisms of water treatment in Fe0/H2O systems using MB as an operational tracer of reactivity. The premise was that, in the short term, both MnO2 and sand delay MB discoloration by avoiding the availability of free iron corrosion products (FeCPs). Results clearly demonstrate no monotonous increase in MB discoloration with increasing contact time. As a rule, the extent of MB discoloration is influenced by the diffusive transport of MB from the solution to the aggregates at the bottom of the vessels (test-tubes). The presence of MnOx and sand enabled the long-term generation of iron hydroxides for MB discoloration by adsorption and co-precipitation. Results clearly reveal the complexity of the Fe0/MnOx/sand system, while establishing that both MnOx and sand improve the efficiency of Fe0/H2O systems in the long-term. This study establishes the mechanisms of the promotion of water decontamination by amending Fe0-based systems with reactive MnOx.

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Reform in the international food aid regime: the role of consensual knowledge

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300001491 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 225-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Raymond F. Hopkins

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

International Organizations ◽

Epistemic Community ◽

Food Aid ◽

Local Production ◽

Short Term ◽

The 1950S ◽

Food Imports

The principles and norms adopted by the regime governing food aid in the 1950s have changed substantially during the subsequent three decades. Explaining the changes necessarily includes analyzing the efforts of an international epistemic community consisting of economic development specialists, agricultural economists, and administrators of food aid. According to the initial regime principles, food aid should be provided from donors' own surplus stocks, should supplement the usual commercial food imports in recipient countries, should be given under short-term commitments sensitive to the political and economic goals of donors, and should directly feed hungry people. As a result of following these principles, the epistemic community and other critics argued, food aid often had the adverse effects of reducing local production of food in recipient countries and exacerbating rather than alleviating hunger. The epistemic community (1) developed and proposed ideas for more efficiently supplying food aid and avoiding “disincentive” effects and (2) pushed for reforms to make food aid serve as the basis for the recipients' economic development and to target it at addressing long-term food security problems. The ideas of the international epistemic community have increasingly received support from international organizations and the governments of donor and recipient nations. Most recently, they have led to revisions of the U.S. food aid program passed by Congress in October 1990 and signed into law two months later. As the analysis of food aid reform demonstrates, changes in the international regime have been incremental, rather than radical. Moreover, the locus for the change has shifted from an American-centered one in the 1950s to a more international one in recent decades.

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Economic valuation and the commodification of ecosystem services

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment ◽

10.1177/0309133311421708 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 613-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 295

Author(s):

Erik Gómez-Baggethun ◽

Manuel Ruiz-Pérez

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Environmental Policy ◽

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Economic Valuation ◽

Short Term ◽

Valuation Of Ecosystem Services ◽

Equity Of Access ◽

The Way

In the last decade a growing number of environmental scientists have advocated economic valuation of ecosystem services as a pragmatic short-term strategy to communicate the value of biodiversity in a language that reflects dominant political and economic views. This paper revisits the controversy on economic valuation of ecosystem services in the light of two aspects that are often neglected in ongoing debates. First, the role of the particular institutional setup in which environmental policy and governance is currently embedded in shaping valuation outcomes. Second, the broader economic and sociopolitical processes that have governed the expansion of pricing into previously non-marketed areas of the environment. Our analysis suggests that within the institutional setup and broader sociopolitical processes that have become prominent since the late 1980s economic valuation is likely to pave the way for the commodification of ecosystem services with potentially counterproductive effects in the long term for biodiversity conservation and equity of access to ecosystem services benefits.

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