scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Ultrasound Cavitation and Gas in the Water Disinfection

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-582
Author(s):  
Iryna Koval ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Cavitation Action

The paper considers water purification processes from Bacillus bacteria type under the conditions of gases bubbling only (argon, helium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide), cavitation and combined action of gas and cavitation. The synergistic effect was found under conditions of simultaneous action of gas and cavitation (kd(gas/US ) >kd(gas) + kd(US) almost double) and it was shown that kd(gas/US) >kd(gas) by almost an order of magnitude. Relative series of effective destruction of microbial cells was established: Ar/US > О2/US >Не/US > СО2/US. Destruction degree of the cells reaches 70 %at the short-term Ar/US exposure (~8 min), which is 7 times more active than cavitation action and 13.5 times more than bubbling of Aralone.

scholarly journals Cavitation action on the cocci bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Iryna Koval ◽  
Amir Hajiali
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Cavitation Action

Features of growth of microorganisms on a nutrient medium and their microscopic researches were studied. Cavitation treatment (22 kHz, 91 W, 1.65 W/сm3) of water with the simultaneous action of bubbled inert gases (argon and helium) on the viability of microbial cells (Diplococcus and Sarcina) are presented. The highest water disinfection was obtained for water samples with Sarcina lutea cells for both used gases under cavitation conditions. Both investigated types of cocci bacteria were destroyed faster under Ar/US-action after comparison of the effectiveness of the gas nature action on the water disinfection.

Comparison of the Combined Effects of Hyperthermia with Ionizing Radiation or Cisplatin on Yeast and Mammalian Cells

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Пронкевич ◽  
M. Pronkevich ◽  
Е. Евстратова ◽  
E. Evstratova ◽  
С. Белкина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Combined Actions

Purpose: To compare radiation responses of yeast and mammalian cells to combined actions of various agents and on this basis to draw a conclusion about the possibility of synergy ideas application in medical radiology. Material and methods: The yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were exposed to the combined action of hyperthermia (22–58 °C, exposure time 0–9 hrs) with ionizing radiation (25 MeV bremsstrahlung 5 and 25 Gy/min or γ-rays 60Co, 2, 10, and 80 Gy/min, acute irradiation) or anti-tumor drug cisplatin (0,05 or 0,25 mg/ml, exposure time 0–3 hrs). The result of synergistic interaction for yeast cells was assessed by the survival curves obtained by the authors after separate exposure to hyperthermia, ionizing radiation, cisplatin and after combined action of hyperthermia with ionizing radiation or cisplatin. To quantify the synergistic interaction of similar combined actions on mammalian cells, the data published by other authors have been used who did not evaluate the synergistic effect themselves. Results: The synergistic interaction of hyperthermia with ionizing radiation or cisplatin was established for yeast and mammalian cells. It is shown that the synergistic effect of the simultaneous action of these agents is observed only within a certain temperature range, within which there is an optimal temperature at which the greatest synergism occurs. This optimal temperature is shifted to lower values with a decrease in the dose rate of ionizing radiation or concentration of cisplatin. For sequential application of hyperthermia and ionizing radiation the effect of combined action increases with an increase in acting temperature up to a certain limit, after which it remains constant. These results are interpreted using the mathematical models previously proposed, in accordance with which the synergism is determined by the formation of additional damage due to the interaction of sub-damage that are not effective after separate application of agents. Despite the fact that all of the data presented were obtained at temperatures far beyond the ambient temperature, it is not excluded that there could be optimal intensities of harmful agents existing in the biosphere and capable of interacting with physiological heat of animals and man in a synergistic manner. Hence, the assessment of health or environmental risks from numerous natural and man-made agents at the level of intensities found in environmental and occupational settings should take into account synergistic interaction between harmful agents. Conclusion: The general regularities of synergistic effects of combined action of hyperthermia with ionizing radiation or with cisplatin for yeast and mammalian cells have been established – the existence of optimal parameters for acting agents providing the highest synergy and its dependence on the intensity of agents applied.

scholarly journals Influence of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide on Water Purification from Bacteria and Yeast Under Cavitation Conditions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Simultaneous Action ◽  
Age Related

Purpose is to study the purification process of water polluted by containing Bacillus cereus bacteria type and Saccharomyces сerevisiae yeast type under cavitation conditions and atmosphere of different gases nature (oxygen and carbon dioxide); to evaluate and to compare the destruction efficiency of bacterial with yeast cells, and to determine the effective gas nature during cavitation treatment of the aqueous system. Methods. The investigated model media were sounded by the action of an ultrasonic generator (UZDN-2T) with a frequency of 22 kHz, with a power of 35 watts. Оxygen and carbon dioxide were gas bubbles as an additional embryos of cavitation. Microorganisms number before and after sonication was determined by counting of the colonies grown on the nutrient medium in a Petri dish and expressed in colony-forming units (CFU). Results. The results of the morphological characteristics of bacteria and yeast, as well as images of cells according to the results of microscopic studies at a corresponding magnification characteristic of a particular microorganisms types are presented. Degrees of microorganisms destruction, expressed in a percentage, were calculated. According to the results of studies, Bacillus cereus bacteria type were more likely to be destroyed, compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast type at the conditions of simultaneous action of gas and cavitation. The resistance of yeast cells is explained by the result of the specific effect of cavitation on the yeast cell wall and their inter-genetic difference in cell wall structures. Higher efficiency of oxygen in the processes of cavitation treatment of both bacteria and yeast, compared to the action of carbon dioxide is shown experimentally. Conclusions. More active destruction of bacterial cells compared to yeast in the gas/cavitation conditions shown that is explained by the age-related signs of the bacteria. It has been investigated that oxygen under cavitation conditions is described by a larger value of the microorganisms destruction, that is explained by the nature of the gas action at the experimental conditions. It is shown that the efficiency of water purification from microorganisms depends on the nature of the gas bubbled under cavitation conditions.

DISINFEKSI UNTUK PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Disinfection Process

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2),  Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

Synergistic effect of phosphomolybdic acid on rhodium-based metal-organic frameworks for the efficient selective photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurong Shan ◽  
Dexiang Liu ◽  
Chunyan Xu ◽  
Peng Zhan ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Phosphomolybdic Acid ◽  
Photocatalytic Reduction ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Spherical Structure ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

In this work, PMA@NH2-MIL-68(Rh) with a mangosteen spherical structure was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method for the photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. The electronic structure and morphology of the...

Short-term variation in fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in cultivated and forested organic boreal soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Maljanen ◽  
Pertti J. Martikainen ◽  
Heikki Aaltonen ◽  
Jouko Silvola
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Boreal Soils

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF A HYBRID WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
A.S. MAKSIMOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
National Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Verbal Model

This article is devoted to identifying and characterizing the threat to national security of Russian Federation in the context of a hybrid war. The main aim of the study is to assume that the huge problem for national security of Russia today is the threat of a hybrid nature. This paper proposes the author's classification of hybrid threats, which made it possible to distinguish five functional groups of threats («triads») ‒ in the spiritual and socio-cultural, military-political, economic, information and international legal spheres. The specificity of the «triads» is that each of the three elements of the «triad» is capable of producing the appearance of the second and third elements of the «triad» and maintaining their activity. A variant of ranking «triads» according to the level of their threat intensity is presented, the rates of their intensification in the short term were determined. According to the author's conclusions, the synchronous activity of the «triads» creates a synergistic effect, exerting a complicated negative impact on the state of national security of Russia. The novelty of the research, the results of which are presented in the article, are the classification of hybrid threats and the verbal model of the functioning of the «triads» of threats. The findings of the study can contribute to the development of effective techniques and strategies for countering hybrid threats to national security of Russia.

Short-term stimulation of the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl− cotransporter by vasopressin involves phosphorylation and membrane translocation

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (3) ◽  
pp. F502-F509 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Mutig ◽  
T. Saritas ◽  
S. Uchida ◽  
T. Kahl ◽  
T. Borowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nephron Segments ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Effector System ◽  
Apical Trafficking ◽  
Fine Regulation ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Effective Site ◽  
Stimulation Of

Vasopressin influences salt and water transport in renal epithelia. This is coordinated by the combined action of V2 receptor-mediated effects along distinct nephron segments. Modulation of NaCl reabsorption by vasopressin has been established in the loop of Henle, but its role in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), an effective site for fine regulation of urinary electrolyte composition and the target for thiazide diuretics, is largely unknown. The Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) of DCT is activated by luminal trafficking and phosphorylation at conserved NH2-terminal residues. Here, we demonstrate the effects of short-term vasopressin administration (30 min) on NCC activation in Brattleboro rats with central diabetes insipidus (DI) using the V2 receptor agonist desmopressin (dDAVP). The fraction of NCC abundance in the luminal plasma membrane was significantly increased upon dDAVP as shown by confocal microscopy, immunogold cytochemistry, and Western blot, suggesting increased apical trafficking of the transporter. Changes were paralleled by augmented phosphorylation of NCC as detected by antibodies against phospho-threonine and phospho-serine residues (2.5-fold increase at Thr53 and 1.4-fold increase at Ser71). dDAVP-induced phosphorylation of NCC, studied in tubular suspensions in the absence of systemic effects, was enhanced as well (1.7-fold increase at Ser71), which points to the direct mode of action of vasopressin in DCT. Changes were more pronounced in early (DCT1) than in late DCT as distinguished by the distribution of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 in DCT2. These results suggest that the vasopressin-V2 receptor-NCC signaling cascade is a novel effector system to adjust transepithelial NaCl reabsorption in DCT.

scholarly journals SYNERGISTIC EFFECT OF NANO ZERO-VALENT IRON AND CYCLODEXTRINS: A NANO-STRUCTURE FOR WATER PURIFICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil KRAWCZYK ◽  
Stanisław WACŁAWEK ◽  
Daniele SILVESTRI ◽  
Rafael TORRES-MENDIETA ◽  
Vinod PADIL V.T. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Nano Structure ◽  
Nano Zero Valent Iron

scholarly journals A short review of titania-graphene oxide based composites as a photocatalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Katarina Stepić ◽  
Radomir Ljupković ◽  
Jovana Ickovski ◽  
Aleksandra Zarubica
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactions ◽  
Chemical Wastes

New and effective methods of water purification are necessary to minimize pollution. Many methods have been used in wastewater treatment, but sorption is considered as an easy and economic process. The efficiency of any sorption process mainly depends on the physicochemical properties of the used adsorbent. Since photocatalysts can initiate reactions of decomposition organic contaminants under ultraviolet or sunlight irradiation without using chemicals or producing chemical wastes, photocatalytic reactions are considered a sustainable way to remove a variety of environmental pollutants. Ultraviolet water purification became the most effective method of water disinfection and purification. Heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysts have recently emerged as an efficient material for purifying water. The crystal structure is crucial for photocatalytic activity and efficiency of semiconductors, thus optimal parameters must be provided during the preparation of photocatalysts. To overcome problems with semiconductors usage, the use of co-catalysts and photocatalyst carriers is one of the solutions. Recently, much emphasis has been placed on using graphene oxide (GO) supported semiconductor photocatalysts. In this paper, a short review of composites of titanium dioxide and graphene oxide-based materials is given.

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