THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF A HYBRID WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
A.S. MAKSIMOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
National Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Verbal Model

This article is devoted to identifying and characterizing the threat to national security of Russian Federation in the context of a hybrid war. The main aim of the study is to assume that the huge problem for national security of Russia today is the threat of a hybrid nature. This paper proposes the author's classification of hybrid threats, which made it possible to distinguish five functional groups of threats («triads») ‒ in the spiritual and socio-cultural, military-political, economic, information and international legal spheres. The specificity of the «triads» is that each of the three elements of the «triad» is capable of producing the appearance of the second and third elements of the «triad» and maintaining their activity. A variant of ranking «triads» according to the level of their threat intensity is presented, the rates of their intensification in the short term were determined. According to the author's conclusions, the synchronous activity of the «triads» creates a synergistic effect, exerting a complicated negative impact on the state of national security of Russia. The novelty of the research, the results of which are presented in the article, are the classification of hybrid threats and the verbal model of the functioning of the «triads» of threats. The findings of the study can contribute to the development of effective techniques and strategies for countering hybrid threats to national security of Russia.

scholarly journals PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF NATIONAL SECURITY FINANCING UNDER HYBRID WARFARE CONDITIONS: GLOBAL AND UKRAINIAN CONTEXTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 275-291
Author(s):  
Vitalina Kuryliak ◽  
Alexander Sokhatsky
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Equipment Development ◽  
Political Economic

The paper made analysis of the world security situation and confirms the expansion of conflict zones and change in warfare forms. The main feature of the international confrontation in the 21stcentury is the use of not only military force but also political, economic, information and other means of non-military character meant by the hybrid warfare concept. The authors singled out the tendency for national security expenses increase and change of priorities in their use. The main shortcomings of the system of national security functioning were identified, the consequence was used by Russia to re­venge its influence, invade the territory of Ukraine and occupy the Crimea. The necessity of counteracting the imperial ambitions of Russia in the context of its hybrid warfare set Ukraine the urgent task to create an effective security and de­fence sector, build up and restructure its military spending. The paper emphasizes that the priority areas for financing the security and defence sectors in Ukraine are modernization of armaments and military equipment, development and procurement of the latest types of weapons, growth of research and development projects in the field of military affairs and related branches like aviation and space.

scholarly journals “Hybrid Threats” to Russia’s Security: Identification and Counteraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-71
Author(s):  
S. I. Kodaneva
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
National Security ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Hybrid War

In the scientific literature, it is customary to consider and analyze war exclusively as a violent (conventional) confrontation of subjects of international politics. However, this does not take into account that modern wars are increasingly unfolding in the “grey zone”, that is, outside the framework of international law, they are conducted both in physical and in other dimensions – informational, cybernetic, cultural, cognitive – and mainly by non-military means and with the involvement of irregular formations (rebels, terrorists, etc.). As a result, today’s interstate confrontation is becoming more complex and hybrid, presenting new mechanisms for non-nuclear deterrence.It is important to understand that the inability to recognize the enemy’s ongoing war in time, to determine the direction of the strike destroyed many states, starting with the Roman Empire and ending with the USSR. This determines the relevance and timeliness of this study, which is aimed at analyzing the content of the phenomenon of hybrid war, determining the main methods of its conduct used today and proposing counteraction measures.It should be recognized that in the modern scientific literature there is no single approach to understanding what a hybrid war is, which is quite understandable precisely because of its essence – the variability and complexity of ways of it conducting, as well as flexibility and adaptability to specific circumstances. There are quite a lot of disparate studies on individual components of hybrid war, such as “soft power”, information, economic and cyberwar, “color revolutions”, etc.The subject of this research is the phenomenon of hybrid warfare, its content and specific ways of conducting hybrid warfare. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the subject of research, as well as to structure the manifestation that form the phenomenon of hybrid war in its complex, determine their correlation and mutual influence of various methods of conducting hybrid war, as well as to develop specific proposals for countering threats to Russia’s national security.The importance of developing comprehensive strategic approaches aimed primarily at identifying vulnerabilities, as well as including spiritual security as the basis of the entire security system and countering hybrid threats is emphasized.Taking into account the specified subject and purpose, the introduction reveals the relevance of the study of the phenomenon of hybrid war and the danger that this type of interstate confrontation poses for Russia. Then we analyze the concept of hybrid war and its content, as well as the four main ways of conducting it. The results of the analysis are followed by conclusions and proposals on countering threats to Russia’s national security.

MECHANISMS FOR NEUTRALIZING HYBRID THREATS TO RUSSIAN NATIONAL SECURITY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF AN INVERSE VECTOR MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-103
Author(s):  
A.S. MAKSIMOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Vector Approach

The article is devoted to the development of relevant mechanisms for neutralizing hybrid threats based on the author's inverse vector model. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the possibilities of the vector approach in the development of relevant mechanisms for ensuring Russia's national security in the spiritual and socio-cultural spheres in the context of a hybrid war being waged against it. In preparing the article, the approaches and methods of political science were used. The article proposes the author's inverse vector model and the mechanisms based on it for neutralizing hybrid threats to Russia's national security. The proposed model takes into account the specifics of the hybrid confrontation between the collective West and Russia, the possibilities of a vector approach to the development of hybrid war problems, the limited resource base for full-scale countering hybrid threats in all areas known to specialists. The novelty of the research, the results of which are presented in this article, are the analysis of the applicability of the vector approach to the problem of hybrid war, the development of an inverse vector model and the determination of the possibility of its application to the development of effective mechanisms for countering hybrid threats, its verification, a number of practical recommendations regarding the functional content of the proposed mechanism for neutralization of threats in the spiritual and sociocultural sphere. The findings of the study can contribute to the development of an integrated strategic approach to ensuring Russia's national security in the context of a hybrid confrontation with the West.

scholarly journals Transformation of the concept of state security

Legal Ukraine ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Serhii Hordiienko
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
State Security ◽  
Political Sovereignty ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The paper considers the genesis of the theory of the concept of state security in Ukraine, its legal dimension, the definition of a set of state bodies, each of which has its own competence. Based on the fact that the most acceptable definition of the state is its definition as an organization of political power, it is noted that the security of the state as a system of political power in Ukraine depends on its political, economic, scientific and scientific-technological components. The author notes that the term «state security» is defined as a qualitatively defined by law state of functioning of the state as a political institution of power, which is achieved by predicting, preventing, detecting and minimizing the negative impact of existing and likely threats to the main features of the state, sovereignty, monetary and tax systems) and allows the state to effectively implement its social purpose to ensure the further development of the individual (citizen), society and the state. Thus, the hypothesis that the security of the state as an apparatus of power and management is provided by a large number of its bodies, each of which has its own competence, finds its preliminary confirmation. In the future, the author substantiates this in more detail on the example of other theoretical developments and existing legislation. Key words: national security, components of national security, threats to national security of Ukraine, qualitative state of state security, rules of definitions, state security and state security, security of state-political, constitutionally legitimized political system of state, security of state formation and constructive policy, political sovereignty, territorial integrity of Ukraine and inviolability of its borders, security of institutions of state power, security of national-state interests in the sphere of economy.

scholarly journals Hybrid threats in the national security context of Nepal

Unity Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Padam Kumar Angbo
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Zero Tolerance Policy ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Hybrid War

Of late, hybrid warfare has emerged as a widely contested but practically tested war strategy anticipated in the future. This paper revolves around strategies to deter, mitigate and counter hybrid threats to national security in the context of Nepal. Prevailing geopolitical and geostrategic environments exhibit that different actors, including state and non-state hybrid strategies pose a clear challenge to Nepal's national security interests. Hence, there is a need for a national security strategy to counter hybrid threats which demands fresh thinking, expanding the traditional enemy-centric threat assessment and response. But the general understanding of hybrid warfare is underdeveloped because hybrid means are ambiguous and complex, such as unorthodox, unpredictable and constantly changing. Ultimately, developing and implementing effective national security policy, ensuring political stability, zero tolerance policy on corruption, good governance, economic and resources development, trusted law enforcement, effective stakeholders including security and intelligence system, building resilience are the best ways to prevent a hybrid war before it erupts. This article argues that Nepali Army, as a key responder, too needs to have an updated military doctrine and strategy on its role in countering it.

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF THE MODEL OF INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Gaiduchok ◽  
◽  
Oleksiy Stupnytskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Political Economic

In modern times, it is believed that by reducing the risk of military intervention, military security has lost its relevance, and economic security has become a priority of national interests. The principle of economic security is as follows: national interests are supported through an economic system that supports free exchange and ensures the upward mobility of the nation. The analysis of economic security is based on the concept of national interests. It is well known that the problem of national security and its components cannot be considered only from the standpoint of current interests; it is closely related to the possibilities of their implementation over a significant, long-term period. Each stage of realization of national interests of the country is characterized by its assessment of its geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic conditions, security threats and the main carriers of these threats, the mechanism of realization of national interests (each of the stages has its own assessment of the main definitions and categories of security, the main vectors of geoeconomic policy). Economic security is the foundation and material basis of national security. A state is in a state of security if it protects its own national interests and is able to defend them through political, economic, socio-psychological, military and other actions. There is a close connection between economic security and the system of national and state interests, and it is through this category that the problems of economic potential and economic power of the state, geopolitical and geoeconomic positions of the country in the modern world are intertwined. At a time when regional forces are trying to expand markets, provide access to finance and the latest technology, economic security has become a necessary component of the ability of regional forces to expand their influence. The article is devoted to the study of economic security of Ukraine and its components using the model of quantitative assessment of economic security of Ukraine. Using the Fishburne method, a model is built that allows to obtain an integrated assessment of the level of economic security based on the synthesis of nine partial indicators.

SOCIAL ASPECTS OF NATIONAL SAFETY OF THE STATE

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
O. B. Berezovska-Chmil
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Security ◽  
National Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

  In this article theoretical and еmpirical analysis of social security are conducted. Ways of the optimization social security are argumented. The author notes that significant transformation processes are taking place in the country. They affect the state of security. It is noted that with the development of scientific and technological progress the number of threats and dangers does not decrease. At the same time, the essence of the phenomenon of "danger" is revealed. Empirical studies have been carried out on the basis of an analysis of problems related to ensuring the necessary safety of people. It is established that in recent times organized crime, including cybercrime, has spread widely in Ukraine. It has a negative impact on ensuring national security and sustainable development. A number of factors have been singled out. They are a potential threat to national security. Groups of possible dangers are determined. Summarizing the opinions of scientists, the essence of the concept of "social security" is characterized. It is emphasized that its state is influenced by the level of economic development, the effectiveness of social policy of the state and state regulation of social development. The authors have grounded the formation of national and social security, have proved that sustainable development is connected with the observance of social standards; have considered the development and implementation of a balanced social and environmental and economic policy. This policy would involve active use of the latest production technologies, minimizing the amount of harmful emissions to the environment, strengthening the role of the state in solving social and economic problems and sustainable development.

THE VALUE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN PREDICTING SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR KLATSKIN TUMOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Yuriy Zharikov ◽  
Tatyana Zharikova ◽  
Vladimir Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Preoperative Treatment ◽  
Klatskin Tumor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oncological Patients

The objective of this review study was to analyze the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and postoperative short-term outcomes morbidity in patients with Klatskin tumor who underwent surgical treatment. Low index skeletal muscle mass had a negative impact factor on postoperative morbidity following resection of Klatskin tumor and should therefore be considered as preoperative risk assessment. The further study of body composition in oncological patients allowed revealing the group of patients with high probability of postoperative complications and this factor needed to be added to future models predictive scale of short-term outcomes with the aim of making the most rational preoperative treatment algorithm.

scholarly journals The interplay of gender, social context, and long-term unemployment effects on subjective health trajectories

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Altweck ◽  
Stefanie Hahm ◽  
Holger Muehlan ◽  
Tobias Gfesser ◽  
Christine Ulke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Baseline Values

Abstract Background While a strong negative impact of unemployment on health has been established, the present research examined the lesser studied interplay of gender, social context and job loss on health trajectories. Methods Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel was used, which provided a representative sample of 6838 participants. Using latent growth modelling the effects of gender, social context (East vs. West Germans), unemployment (none, short-term or long-term), and their interactions were examined on health (single item measures of self-rated health and life satisfaction respectively). Results Social context in general significantly predicted the trajectories of self-rated health and life satisfaction. Most notably, data analysis revealed that West German women reported significantly lower baseline values of self-rated health following unemployment and did not recover to the levels of their East German counterparts. Only long-term, not short-term unemployment was related to lower baseline values of self-rated health, whereas, in relation to baseline values of life satisfaction, both types of unemployment had a similar negative effect. Conclusions In an economic crisis, individuals who already carry a higher burden, and not only those most directly affected economically, may show the greatest health effects.

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