scholarly journals GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 94, 2021 (94) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Andriy Babushka ◽  
◽  
Lyubov Babiy ◽  
Borys Chetverikov ◽  
Andriy Sevruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normalized Burn Ratio ◽  
Sentinel 2

Earth remote sensing and using the satellite images play an important role when monitoring the effects of forest fires and assessing damage. Applying different methods of multispectral space images processing, we can determine the risk of fire distribution, define hot spots and determine thermal parameters, mapping the damaged areas and assess the consequences of fire. The purpose of the work is the severity assessment connected with the post-fire period on the example of the forests in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. The tasks of the study are to define the area of burned zones using space images of different time which were obtained from the Sentinel-2 satellite applying the method of a normalized burn ratio (NBR) and method of supervised classification. Space images taken from the Sentinel-2 satellite before and after the fire were the input data for the study. Copernicus Open Access Hub service is a source of images and its spatial resolution is 10 m for visible and near infrared bands of images, and 20 m for medium infrared bands of images. We used method of Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and automatically calculated the area damaged with fire. Using this index we were able to identify areas of zones after active combustion. This index uses near and middle infrared bands for the calculations. In addition, a supervised classification was performed on the study area, and signature files were created for each class. According to the results of the classification, the areas of the territories damaged by the fire were also calculated. The scientific novelty relies upon the application of a method of using the normalized combustion coefficient (NBR) and supervised classification for space images obtained before and after the fire in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. The practical significance lies in the fact that the studied methods of GIS technologies can be used to identify territories and calculate the areas of vegetation damaged by fires. These results can be used by local organizations, local governments and the Ministry of Emergency Situations to monitor the condition and to plan reforestation. The normalized burned ratio (NBR) gives possibility efficiently and operatively to define and calculate the area which were damaged by fires, that gives possibility operatively assess the consequences of such fires and estimate the damage. The normalized burned ratio allows to calculate the area of burned forest almost 2 times more accurately than the supervised classification. The calculation process itself also takes less time and does not require additional procedures (set of signatures). Supervised classification in this case gives worse accuracy, the process itself is longer, but allows to determine the area of several different classes.

scholarly journals Coseismic displacements of the 14 November 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake using an optical cubesat constellation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kääb ◽  
Bas Altena ◽  
Joseph Mascaro
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Surface Displacements ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Optical Satellite Images ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract. Satellite measurements of coseismic displacements are typically based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry or amplitude tracking, or based on optical data such as from Landsat, Sentinel-2, SPOT, ASTER, very-high resolution satellites, or airphotos. Here, we evaluate a new class of optical satellite images for this purpose – data from cubesats. More specific, we investigate the PlanetScope cubesat constellation for horizontal surface displacements by the 14 November 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake. Single PlanetScope scenes are 2–4 m resolution visible and near-infrared frame images of approximately 20–30 km × 9–15 km in size, acquired in continuous sequence along an orbit of approximately 375–475 km height. From single scenes or mosaics from before and after the earthquake we observe surface displacements of up to almost 10 m and estimate a matching accuracy from PlanetScope data of up to ±0.2 pixels (~ ±0.6 m). This accuracy, the daily revisit anticipated for the PlanetScope constellation for the entire land surface of Earth, and a number of other features, together offer new possibilities for investigating coseismic and other Earth surface displacements and managing related hazards and disasters, and complement existing SAR and optical methods. For comparison and for a better regional overview we also match the coseismic displacements by the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake using Landsat8 and Sentinel-2 data.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT AFFECTED BY FOREST FIRE UNDER COMPLEX RADIATION CONDITIONS OF FIREFIGHTING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (154) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
S. Azarov ◽  
R. Shevchenko ◽  
S. Shcherbak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Radiation Conditions

The paper deals with the problem of formation of general procedures for experimental study of environmental impact due to forest fire in complex radiation conditions of fire load formation and its further testing on the example of the ChNPP exclusion zone. The study carried out an experimental verification of the adequacy of the previously proposed methodological apparatus and identified the main directions of its further use as a basis for solving the problems of predicting the negative environmental impact on the environment. To this end, the following tasks have been solved:the general procedures of the methodology of experimental study of environmental impact due to forest fire in complex radiation conditions of fire load formation are formulated; a comprehensive experimental study was carried out using the developed method on the example of the fire load of the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Conducted studies in the field indicate that the content of radioactive smoke in the ground atmosphere of the Exclusion Zone can be dramatically increased by several orders of magnitude due to forest fires. Short-term (sever-al days) increased content of radioactive combustion products in the surface air can reach the level of radiation hazard for both the environment and directly for the life of the population living in a clean area at considerable distances (up to 30 km along the track axis) wildfire. The fires in the forests contaminated with Chornobyl radionuclide in the western trace due to the loss of TUE are of particular environmental danger, since the presence of plutonium combustion products in radioactive products results in significant dose loads for the environment and the population. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of their application for carrying out complex ecological audit of the territory, which is subject to secondary radiation influence both inside and outside the exclusion zone of the Chornobyl NPP. Keywords: ecological safety, forest fire, radiation exposure, complex fire load

scholarly journals Forest Fire Area Detection by Using Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Satellite Images: A Case Study in Mugla, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahadir Kurnaz ◽  
Caglar Bayik ◽  
Saygin Abdikan
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Burn Scar ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract Background: Forests have an extremely important place in the ecosystem in terms of ensuring social and environmental balance. The biggest danger for forests that have this importance is forest fires due to various reasons. It is extremely important to estimate the formation and behavior characteristics of fires in terms of combating forest fires. Using the satellite images obtained with the developing technology for this purpose provides great convenience in the detection of the fire areas and the severity of the fire affected. In this study, forest fire that occurred in the Zeytinköy region of Muğla province was investigated using remotely sensed images. According to the reference data provided by the General Directorate of Forestry (GDF), 425 hectares of area was destroyed by fire. In this study, it is aimed to extract burn scar by applying seven vegetation indexes on Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellite images. Additionally, forest fire areas have been determined with the object-based classification technique. Results: As a result of the study, when the obtained results are compared with the values obtained from GDF, it is determined that object based analysis of Sentinel-2 provided the highest accuracy with 98.36% overall accuracy and 0.976 kappa statistics. Comparing the results of spectral indices of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8, Sentinel-2 resulted better results in all indices. Among the indices RdNBR and dNDVI obtained better results than other indices with Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8, respectively. Conclusions: In general, it has been determined that Sentinel-2 data is more suitable than Landsat-8 satellite images for determining Turkish red pine forest fired areas. Red and near infrared based images can be used for rapid mapping of fired areas. The results also indicated that the indices provided by multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data can assist forest management for rapid monitoring of fire scars and also for evolution of reforestation after fire.

Homocysteine, pituitary and thyroid hormones in children with different physical development levels after forest fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Bandazhevskyi ◽  
◽  
N. F. Dubova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Development Levels

Objective We performed a comparative assessment of the blood levels of homocysteine, pituitary and thyroid hormones in children with different levels of physical development before and after forest fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone (ChEZ) in 2015. Methods: We used immunochemical, instrumental, mathematical and statistical methods. Results: The analysis of variable dynamics was performed in 336 adolescents of the Polisskyi and the Ivankivskyi districts of Kyiv region. An association was found between homocysteine (Нсу), hormones of the pituitary-thyroid axis and physical development of children. A statistically significantly higher level of Нсу was observed in the adolescents from the Ivankivskyi district in comparison with the children from the Polisskyi district. Forest fires in the spring and summer of 2015 in the ChEZ should be considered the main cause for the increase in Нсу in the blood of the adolescents. The increased level of Т3 in the peripheral tissues induced by Нсy and TSH contributed to a decrease in the physical development index values. Due to a decrease in the intensity of the Т4 deiodination process, the insufficient formation of Т3 in the peripheral tissues was recorded in the group of children with a disharmonious high physical development.

scholarly journals Monitoring Wildfires in the Northeastern Peruvian Amazon Using Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Imagery in the GEE Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elgar Barboza Castillo ◽  
Efrain Y. Turpo Cayo ◽  
Cláudia Maria de Almeida ◽  
Rolando Salas López ◽  
Nilton B. Rojas Briceño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Normalized Burn Ratio ◽  
Burnt Areas ◽  
Sentinel 2

During the latest decades, the Amazon has experienced a great loss of vegetation cover, in many cases as a direct consequence of wildfires, which became a problem at local, national, and global scales, leading to economic, social, and environmental impacts. Hence, this study is committed to developing a routine for monitoring fires in the vegetation cover relying on recent multitemporal data (2017–2019) of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 imagery using the cloud-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. In order to assess the burnt areas (BA), spectral indices were employed, such as the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Normalized Burn Ratio 2 (NBR2), and Mid-Infrared Burn Index (MIRBI). All these indices were applied for BA assessment according to appropriate thresholds. Additionally, to reduce confusion between burnt areas and other land cover classes, further indices were used, like those considering the temporal differences between pre and post-fire conditions: differential Mid-Infrared Burn Index (dMIRBI), differential Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR), differential Normalized Burn Ratio 2 (dNBR2), and differential Near-Infrared (dNIR). The calculated BA by Sentinel-2 was larger during the three-year investigation span (16.55, 78.50, and 67.19 km2) and of greater detail (detected small areas) than the BA extracted by Landsat-8 (16.39, 6.24, and 32.93 km2). The routine for monitoring wildfires presented in this work is based on a sequence of decision rules. This enables the detection and monitoring of burnt vegetation cover and has been originally applied to an experiment in the northeastern Peruvian Amazon. The results obtained by the two satellites imagery are compared in terms of accuracy metrics and level of detail (size of BA patches). The accuracy for Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 in 2017, 2018, and 2019 varied from 82.7–91.4% to 94.5–98.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinemia in children and forest fires in the Chоrnobyl exclusion zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Bandazhevsky ◽  
◽  
N.F. Dubova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Folate Metabolism ◽  
Wood Combustion ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer ◽  
Folate Cycle

Objective: We determined a role of folate metabolism genotypes in the occurrence of hyperhomocysteinemia in children after a forest fire in the Chоrnobyl exclusion zone (ChEZ). Material and methods: In the study, we applied immunochemical, Real-time PCR, mathematical and statistical methods. Results: A survey of 84 adolescents from the Poliske district, Kiev region revealed changes in their metabolic processes in the form of increased homocysteine production in connection with a forest fire in the ChEZ which was recorded during April 26-29, 2015. A comparative analysis of the specific gravity of the folate cycle genotypes in the subgroups of the children with hyperhomocysteinemia before and after a forest fire showed that an endogenous factor in the form of a genetic apparatus, controling synthesis of folate cycle enzymes, was not involved in this phenomenon. Сonclusions: Forest and peat fires in the Chernobyl exclusion zone are one of the main causes for the elevation in blood homocysteine levels in children from the adjacent districts, regardless of the state of folate metabolism genetic system. Monitoring of the blood homocysteine levels in children and adults living under conditions of the exposure to wood combustion gases, containing radioactive elements, is a key component of the programmer for the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals POST-FIRE HAZARD DETECTION USING ALOS-2 RADAR AND LANDSAT-8 OPTICAL IMAGERY

2020 ◽  
Vol VI-3/W1-2020 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
S. Mutai ◽  
L. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normalized Burn Ratio

Abstract. This study investigates the use of Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2 (ALOS-2) equipped with an enhanced L-band SAR sensor imagery alongside with Landsat-8 optical sensor in detection and mapping of burnt and unburnt scars occurring after a bushfire in Victoria, Australia. The bushfires had recently occurred in the period of 2018–2019. The analysis was explored using a contextual classifier Support Vector Machine (SVM), as SVM allows us to integrate spectral information and spatial context through the optimal smoothing parameter without degrading image quality. The training and test set datasets consisting of burnt and unburnt pixels were created from Landsat-8 scenes used as reference data. The backscatter intensity maps (acquired before and after the forest fires) from ALOS-2 data were compared and investigated, with a special concern on topographic influence removal. The dual polarizations (HH and HV) have been used to improve the forest fire mapping capability. These change detection techniques were based on image feature differences, index calculation such as normalized burn ratio. The burnt area and unburnt area were then classified via a threshold given by the pre- and post- disaster differences. The classification result achieved an accuracy of 80% Landsat-8 and 89% ALOS-2. This result shows the limitations of burnt area mapping with ALOS-2 due to effect local incidence angle and topography were of greater impact resulting in shadows. Nevertheless, the results in both areas verify the use of satellite SAR sensors and optical in forestry application.

The burned area extracting in Chernobyl Exclusion Zone using Random Forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hu ◽  
Shunji Kotsuki ◽  
Yasunori Igarashi ◽  
Mykola Talerko ◽  
Kazuhito Ichii
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Thermal Anomaly ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Radionuclides ◽  
Infrared Band

<p>The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) accident that happened in 1986 is the largest source of anthropogenic radionuclides released into the environment in history. In recent 20 years, the climate and land-use changes have increased the frequency of large forest fires in and around the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. It is critical to extract the burned areas accurately because they are the basis to estimate the biomass burning emission and then analyze the second diffusion of radioactive residue released from the CNPP accident. In this study, we established a burned area extracting method based on the random forest (RF) algorithm using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD09GA / MYD09GA and LANDSAT -7 ETM+ /-8 OLI images. The field observation in 2015 and MODIS MOD14A1 (thermal anomaly data) product were adopted to generate sampling points for RF. The reflectance difference spectroscopy of near-infrared band and difference in vegetation indices (NDVI, NBR, NDWI) between pre- and post-fire imagery were used as input data for the RF classifier. Subsequently, the historical burned area in 2015 and 2020 were detected using the trained RF classifier. The preliminary results of the identified burned area show good consistency with the MODIS MCD64A1.006 product of NASA and FireCCI51product of ESA. It should be noted that our RF algorithm can even detect the relatively small fire scars compared to the two existing products due to the usage of high-resolution LANDSAT image.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals REMOTE SENSING & GIS INTEGRATION FOR MONITORING THE AREAS AFFECTED BY FOREST FIRES: A CASE STUDY IN IZMIR, TURKEY

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W4 ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Çolak ◽  
A. F. Sunar
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Burned Areas ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Normalized Burn Ratio ◽  
Sentinel 2

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A forest fire is stated as an ecological disaster whether it is man-made or caused naturally. İzmir is one of the regions where forest fires are most intensified in Turkey. The study area located at Aegean region of Turkey suffered two forest fires in 2017; Menderes and Bayındır areas. This study presents the integration of remote sensing (Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 satellite images) and GIS data to map and evaluate the forest burned areas due to both forest fires. For this purpose, different indexes such as Burn Area Index (BAI), Mid Infrared Burn Index (MIRBI), Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and Normalized Burn Ratio Thermal (NBRT) Burn Index are applied besides different classification algorithms. The results showed that different vegetation types/zones are being affected. Sentinel 2 and Landsat 8 data are integrated to the GIS established with fieldwork data to analyse and also validate the results. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data produced from ASTER satellite is also overlaid to the outcomes to emphasize the destructed forest areas. The efficiency of using two different satellites are outlined by comparing the accuracy of forest fire maps produced.</p>

Wasur National Park Hall's Role In Raising The Local People's Income Wasur Village

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Paul Adryani Moento ◽  
Nikolaus Unawekla
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Counseling Center ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Park Area

  The welfare level of the population in Wasur Park village is still very low and most still hang its life by taking the result of the forest. This study aims to analyze the role of Wasur Park National Park in increasing local people's income. The method by which researchers use a qualitative approach, while the data collection techniques consist of library studies and field studies through observation, interviews. The process of data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, and the conclusion of the empowerment of the National Park Wasur Park Hall is counseling to the local community in the framework of the Empowerment Program of local Kampung Wasur Park. In the empowerment, Wasur Park National Park is coordinating with local governments to see the development of local community data. The real evidence of Wasur Park National Park through empowerment is the establishment of a rural forestry Counseling Center (SPKP). The establishment of a rural forestry Counseling Center (SPKP) in Wasur Village, implemented after the implementation of education and training of village studies in participatory. Furthermore, Wasur Park National Park Hall conducts construction. The construction is a construction of small industry of eucalyptus oil refining, the manufacture of salted fish, medicinal plants, and the cultivation of commercial crops. Then the community in providing coaching through socialization by providing science about preserving the forest and protection and safeguarding the potential of Wasur National Park area. Then Wasur Park National Park Hall conducts supervision. Supervision conducted by the National Park Hall Wasur Park is monitoring against the hunting of many protected animals located in Wasur Park National Park area. In the Garden Hall program, Wasur Park is monitoring and evaluation of habitat and population. The Wasur Park National Park Hall conducts a regular patrol, preventing wild hunters from Wasur Park National Park. Then patrol is also done to prevent forest fires.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document