STAGES OF FORMATION OF THE VOLUME AND SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY OF CHRIST IN TERNOPIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Diachok O ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
State Register ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

Scientific research is devoted to the historical stages of development of one of the oldest churches in Ternopil - the Church of the Nativity of Christ, built in the early XVII century, which is one of the best examples of Podillya sacred architecture. The church is included in the state register of the national cultural heritage of Ukraine. Complicated socio-political processes in the Ternopil region and confessional transformations changed the architectural image of the shrine. The church managed to survive despite the war when almost the entire historic part of the city was destroyed. The Soviet occupation caused the greatest damage to the sacred complex. The indifference of the authorities to the architectural monument in the modern period and the emergency around the monument almost led to the destruction of the shrine. There is data on the gradual change in the volume and planning structure of the church, which began during the Reformation. The changes were also related to the intensification of national and cultural revival and the organization of the Orthodox Brotherhood at the church. The reconstructions in 1700 were associated with a change of denomination and the conversion of the parish to the Greek Catholic faith. The modernization of the church took place in 1808 to give the cathedral features and the traditional scheme of the Ukrainian three-story church: an additional volume was added to the western facade and the church was crowned with two more decorative heads. As a result of a reconstruction in 1936–1937, the church acquired a modern look. The Soviet period was the most destructive for the church, the church was first transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church, later closed. In 1958, during the expansion of the central street of the city, the bell tower and the fence were demolished. Restoration work began with Ukraine's independence. The article provides data on research during restoration surveys, which confirmed the fact that the church fortress was part of the general defence system of Ternopil and the hypothesis of researchers that part of the temple was part of the Kamyanets entrance gate of the city.

scholarly journals Museum of the Voronezh Church History and Archeology Committee: 1900–17

2020 ◽  
pp. 929-939
Author(s):  
Andrey А. Pripadchev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Church History ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
System Method ◽  
Ancient Manuscripts ◽  
Private Donations ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church ◽  
Historical System

The article discusses the formation the Museum of the Voronezh Church History and Archeology Committee established in 1900. Its relevance is connected with scholars’ interest in the Museum's collections and their acquisition. The research novelty springs from researching the previously unexplored church societies activities in preservation of historical and cultural heritage of the Russian Orthodox Church. The main purpose of the research is to study the Museum's collections. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are formulated: to determine the composition of the Committee Museum fonds; to characterize its main exhibits; to study the nature of acquisition; to identify the donors of the Museum. The framework covers the period of the Voronezh Voronezh Church History and Archeology Committee functioning in 1900-17. The research methodology is based on the application of special historical methods: personality-oriented approach, historical-genetic, synchronistic, historical-system, method of historicism, which has allowed the author to consider and analyze the evolution of the Museum collection. It was formed mainly by private donations. One of the first donors was priest I. V. Surinov, who transferred materials of random excavations near his parish to the Museum. On the basis of this findings, the Museum’s collection of primitive antiquities was formed. The exhibits of the collection were presented at the XII Russian archaeological Congress in Kharkiv. Members of the Committee and other donors gave to the Museum paleontological finds, coins, church plate, ancient manuscripts. In 1906, the “ancient secular objects” were exchanged for “church” ones. The Museum began to focus exclusively on the Church antiquities. The collection was in formation until Committee’s liquidation in late 1917. The Museum was never officially opened. The fate of the exhibits is unknown. They probably perished either during the Seminary liquidation in 1918 or in 1942, when the city was occupied during the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals COMPREHENSIVE DEVELOPMENT AND ARCHITECTURAL AND ARTIS¬TIC DESIGN OF IVANO-FRANKIVSK DURING “DEVELOPED SO¬CIA-LISM”

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Олег Малярчук
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

The article describes the changes that took place as a result of the socialist industrialization of the western regions of the Ukrainian SSR by the example of the Ivano-Frankivsk region and related urbanization. The architecture of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk (Stanislavov, Stanislav) has absorbed features of different historical epochs. Architectural features different from all other styles as well as the scale of development characterized the Soviet period in the history of the city. The urbanization of Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Chernivtsi, Uzhhorod, and especially Lviv, is unique in its historical experience. It was “overdue” and was preceded by a radical military and postwar change in the ethnic and social composition of the population of cities where Jews and Poles were the dominant majority. The rapid increase in urban population of the western region of the republic was at the expense of the Ukrainian rural population. Among other major Ukrainian cities, Ivano-Frankivsk was notable for being one of the few regional centers (inferior to Lviv), that was Ukrainized, and played a decisive role in the national-religious movement of the second half of the 1980s. The purpose of the study is to analyze in the historical context the specifics of architectural and artistic design, improvement of the city of Ivano-Frankivsk during the rule of the Soviet totalitarian system (“developed socialism”), successes and miscalculations. Objectives: 1) to prove that irreparable damage was caused to the historic part of the city as a result of Soviet reconstruction. Many old buildings could have been in operation for decades, after preventive repairs. They reiterated the fate of their former owners, who were physically destroyed; 2) to generalize the gains and disadvantages in the practice of housing, industrial and communal construction on the example of frequent cases when in the territory of the new building (quarters, neighborhoods and even entire settlements) the inhabitants were not provided with the most necessary elements of improvement. Significant disadvantages were allowed in the landscaping business. To develop the topic, the authors used a whole group of scientific methods: the principles of objectivity and historicism, which involve consideration of particular phenomena and processes in their development and close connection with the system of relevant social relations; historical facts are considered against the backdrop of political processes, which involves the use of a method of comparative analysis, which clarifies the essence of many significant events for Ukrainian socio-political thought. Design and construction organizations while constructing residential complexes did not always take care of the conservation of natural relief, vegetation, green space. The public carried out systematic work on the improvement of cities, towns and villages. The Party-Soviet authorities tried to chalk up all the achievements. The regional center of Ivano-Frankivsk gained the glory of a beautiful city. At one time, it won prizes in urban competitions. This glory was preserved and multiplied by the city’s inhabitants, despite the adverse political conditions of the totalitarian system through creative approach to the renewal and expansion of the city, attentive and careful attitude to the existing capital buildings and nature. Keywords: architectural styles, Ivano-Frankivsk, complex development, residential areas, landscaping, planting.    

scholarly journals DEFENSIVE CHURCH OF SAINT NICHOLAS AND THE MONASTERY OF BERNARDINS IN BEREZHANY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (13) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Bohdan Tykhyi
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
New Town ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church

The article is devoted to the history of the monastery of the Order of Bernardines in Berezhany in Ternopil region. The analysis of the architectural features of the complex is main purpose of the work. The monastery is located in the northwest corner of the city. The territory of the was surrounded by defensive bastion fortifications. The monastery fortifications were a part of the city defensive lines. The mountain, on which the monastery located, is called - "St. Nicholas Mountain". On the place of the present monastery was a boyar's manor in the XIV century, and then the orthodox church of St. Nicholas.The construction of a defensive complex of monastic buildings began in 1630. The Bernardine complex includes - the Catholic Church of St. Nicholas, the house of the monastery cells, defensive walls and ramparts. The complex occupied the highest position in the north-western wing of the city's defense system. It was an important strategic point that controlled the Lviv-Berezhany road. The construction of all the objects of the monastery lasted 112 years until 1742.In 1809–1812, the Austrian authorities liquidated the city's powerful defenses. In particular, the ramparts and bastions that were on the territory of the monastery were eliminated. Today there is only a fragment of a defensive wall and a moat on the southern slope of the mountain, which separated the territory of the monastery from the urban areas of the New Town. The fortifications of the monastery are shown on the map of 1720 by Major Johann von Fürstenhof. The bastion belt of the monastery had underground structures. In 2010, murals were found in the interior of the church. According to the author, the carved stone decoration of the church (columns, capitals) was made by the sculptor Johann Pfister (in 1630–1642). The altars, with carved figures of saints, were probably made by the artist Georg Ioan Pinzel from Buchach. The architecture of the monastery's defensive structures needs further research. In the temple there are several valuable icons of the prophetic series of iconostasis. These are works originating from the famous Krasnopushchany iconostasis by Gnat Stobynsky and Fr. Theodosius of Sichynskyi. This iconostasis was donated in 1912 by Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytskyi. Restoration work on the monastery began in 2007 after a visit by President Victor Yushchenko. First of all, the roof of the temple was repaired. Work is underway to restore and recreate the interior of the temple. Archaeological research of lost fortifications needs special attention.

scholarly journals SOCIAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE KUZBASS METROPOLITANATE OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

2017 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
M. A. Ardashkina
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Church

The article is based on the structural-functional, comparative research methods and critical analysis of sources on the post-Soviet period in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church (hereinafter – ROC), including data reference and information materials, public Internet resources. The author analyzes traditions, continuity and the realization of social policy in the Kuzbass archdiocese at the modern ROC stage. Using the example of Kuzbass archdiocese the author identifies the ROC units responsible for social work, and the main types of social assistance to the church. The conclusion is made that within the period of 1990s-the beginning of XXI century Russian Orthodox Church, with the support of the state, created a major conceptual, legal and organizational base of its social policy, for its implementation involving Orthodox public organizations and associations. Of great importance was the fact that the Church concentrated its efforts on solving social problems, which the state and public organizations could not solve effectively. Therefore, the ROC is hardly criticized for the use of social activities as a mechanism to achieve its main goal – to spread creed. Analysis of the social activities of the Church in the Archdiocese of Kuzbass allowed the author to make a prediction about the promising directions of development of social work in the region.

Palaiologan Constantinople and a New Architectural Idiom

2019 ◽  
pp. 595-619
Author(s):  
Robert G. Ousterhout
Keyword(s):  
Church Of Christ ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Exterior Forms ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

Following the reconquest of Constantinople in 1261, the city experienced a brief cultural revival, marked by significant works of restoration and new construction to reconnect the city to its past glory. Older monastic establishments were expanded, often with large chapels for the privileged burials of the aristocracy. The new architectural style of the period is best represented by the Church of Christ in the Chora Monastery, the best preserved project of the period, characterized by small-scale relationships in its design, picturesque asymmetries, and the lack of a clear relationship between the exterior forms and the interior spaces.

scholarly journals The keeper of Church Books: the biography of E.A. Karmanov in the context of the Soviet Era in the History of the Russian Orthodox Church

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Irina V. Lobanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Church History ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

In the article through the prism of the fate of E.A. Karmanov, a church publisher, editor and bibliophile, shows the complex process of survival of Russian church history science in the Soviet period. Deprived of the possibility of development, it turned out to be focused on the task of preserving its pre-revolutionary heritage and new manuscript evidence, which was to become material for future research. Under these conditions, the role of collectors and keepers of the book culture of the church became very important, as was E.A. Karmanov (1927 1998).

scholarly journals Proměny vztahů ruské pravoslavné církve a státu v době patriarchy Kirilla

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Avanesova ◽  
Vladimír Naxera
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Church

This paper is devoted to the topic of relations between the Russian state, Russian society, and the Orthodox Church after the year 2008, when Patriarch Kirill was elected head of the Church. Such relations in Russia have gone through a significant transformation since the beginning of the Post-Soviet period. In the era of Patriarch Alexy II, the Church gradually began to claim a larger political role, the culmination of which was marked by Kirill’s election. At present, the Russian Orthodox Church operates to a certain degree as an institution of Russian political power. Its representatives, led by Kirill, often play a role that is more political than religious. By drawing from primary sources, official documents, media reports, and also speeches made by religious and political representatives, this article attempts to highlight the main issues and areas of cooperation between the state and the Church (e.g. the education system, elections in 2011 and 2012) and explain the ways in which this alliance is advantageous for both parties in relation to the Russian public. The last part of the article deals with how this connection between church and state is perceived by various sections of the Russian public, which is illustrated using several examples from previous years, e.g. the scandal surrounding the members of the feminist punk rock protest group Pussy Riot.

scholarly journals UKRAINIANIZATION OF THE LITURGICAL LIFE IN 1917–1918

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
T. Pshenychnyi
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Domestic Church ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

Socio-political transformations caused by the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921, made not only political issues relevant but also cultural and even ideological. In the struggle for statehood could not be ignored church problems that became very popular in society not in 1917, but only in 1918. It is this year that the autocephalous movement in the Ukrainian church space of the centre-region, whose members declared their desire to create a Ukrainian Orthodox Church independent of the Russian Orthodox Church, is appearing and actualized. The article reflects the process of Ukrainianization of liturgical life as an integral part of the autocephalous movement. An example of the activities of Ukrainian composers at the beginning of the 20th century shows their place in the creation of church works in Ukrainian, which became part of the spiritual heritage of Ukraine and the world. In addition, the authors point to the educational movement, which was caused by Ukrainianization of church life and its scale. The Ukrainian church tradition is the heritage of the Ukrainian people. It has been formed for centuries and belongs today to the national cultural heritage of the state. It is based on the spiritual experience of generations, which at the genetic level affects the formation of the mentality of the nation. This metaphysical process goes beyond the limits of human rationality and empiricity and is practically not always guided. Domestic cultural space of Ukraine was formed under the influence of various factors. One of them was the church. The place of the church in the life of the Ukrainian people, of course, should not be underestimated. Soviet historiography attempted to deny this fact, to interpret it in its own, ideologically atheistic dogmas, and order. However, from a historic retrospective, today we have a great opportunity to see that, to a large extent, it was in the church environment that we managed to preserve the original traditions of the Ukrainian people, its sacred legacy, language. The authors aim is to show the phenomenon of Ukrainianization of liturgical life in Ukraine in one of the most dramatic periods in the national history of the twentieth century. 1917 became the frontier in the modern history of Ukraine. Revolutionary events intensified the initiatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia that long settled on the margins of social consciousness. Competitions for statehood brought to the general churchreligious issues. The All-Ukrainian Orthodox Church Council in 1918, which gave rise to political battles of the time, frankly testified to the presence in the Ukrainian society of the population who sought ecclesiastical autocephaly for the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. In this regard, the national idea was closely intertwined with the Christian tradition of the people, since the latter was firmly rooted in national culture. Despite all the difficulties that arose during discussions about the theme of the independence of the domestic church space from the Russian Orthodox Church, the Third, the last and the key, the session of the Council became the most significant for the Ukrainian church in the search for its own national identity. She was tried to show through the prism of various factors, in particular – spiritual music and liturgical ritual. Thus, a special Commission on Ukrainianization of the Liturgy was created, which considered the reform of church chants, which included both leading musicians and priests. An urgent issue that was discussed during the meetings of the commission on the Ukrainianization of liturgical life in the Ukrainian church was the introduction of universal church singing in Ukrainian churches. Ultimately, one of the key consequences of the church debate during the First All-Ukrainian Church Council was the question of Ukrainianization of the Ukrainian church in general and its clear separation from the Russian cultural space. Thus, analyzing the entire spectrum of socio-political processes at the end of 1917 – early 1919, we can state the fact that for the first time in many decades Ukrainians have had a real chance to declare themselves on the geographical and political map of Europe.

scholarly journals EL MONASTERIO DE SANTA MARTA. PROCESO DE RESTAURACIÓN Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LA PORTADA DE LA IGLESIA CONVENTUAL DE LA ORDEN DE CLAUSURA DE LAS HERMANAS JERÓNIMAS EN CÓRDOBA, ESPAÑA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Noema Wis Molino
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Gothic Architecture ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
New Period ◽  
Restoration Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

En los albores del siglo XII, se producía en los Reinos de España la caída del Imperio musulmán y la toma de Córdoba. El proceso de Reconquista comenzó en el suroeste de Andalucía, por la provincia de Jaén, y continuó hacia la ciudad más importante de los territorios del Al Ándalus, Córdoba. Se inició una nueva etapa en la historia y el arte, influenciada por las corrientes del Reino de Castilla, ya bajo la dominación de los reyes cristianos. Durante esta nueva etapa surgieron en la ciudad nuevas tipologías arquitec- tónicas con finalidad religiosa, los palacios-conventos. Uno de los más importantes es el convento de Santa Marta y su iglesia, un hito en la arquitectura de finales del gótico, gracias a la familia de canteros y escultores que llegados desde Burgos ejecutaron para la capital este monumento. La portada principal de la iglesia fue esculpida y proyectada en 1511 por Hernán Ruiz I, maestro mayor de la catedral (anti- gua mezquita del califato cordobés). Este frontal es el objetivo de la investigación y de los trabajos de restauración, que pusieron en valor este conjunto arquitectónico de la Córdoba del siglo XVI. Palabras clave.-Convento Santa Marta, Hernán Ruiz I, Córdoba. ABSTRACTIn the early days of the 12th century, the fall of the Muslim Empire and capture of Cordoba was taking place in the kingdoms of Spain. The process of Reconquista that began in the south-east of Andalucía, through the province of Jaen, and continued towards the most important city of the ter- ritories of Al Ándalus, Cordoba. A new period in art and history began, influenced by trends of the Kingdom of Castilla, already under the control of Christian kings. In the course of this new stage, a new architectural typology emerged in the city. It had religious purpose and are known as the pal- ace-convents. One of the most important edifices is the Santa Marta convent along with its church, a landmark in late Gothic architecture. It owes such characteristics to families of stonemasons and sculptors who arrived from Burgos, making the city into this magnificent site. The main façade of the church was sculpted and designed in 1511 by Hernán Ruiz I, master of the cathedral (former mosque of the caliphate). This front is the subject of research and restoration work, which revalued this architectonical assortment of the Cordoba of the 16th century. Keywords.-Santa Marta monastery, Hernán Ruiz I, Cordoba.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC POLICY OF THE CHUVASH AUTHORITIES TO REVIVE THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE LATE 1980s – EARLY 2000s

2018 ◽  
pp. 404-413
Author(s):  
Eugene N. Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
State Support ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
The Church

Introduction. The turn of the 1980s-1990s in the history of our country is characterized by the liberalization of the social system, which changed, in particular, the relations between the state and the Orthdox church. One of the crucial issues in this area is the consideration of state support for the revival of the Church, which allows to determine the place and role of the Orthodox confession in the life of post-Soviet Russia. The article analyzes the features of the historical development of the economic policy of regional authorities aimed at restoring the position of the local eparchy, which was implemented in the late 1980s – early first decade of the 2000s.The purpose of the research is to reveal a comprehensive chronological framework of the historical aspects of economic policy carried out in relation to the Orthodox confession of Chuvashia. Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, both unpublished archival documents and published sources were used. The main source for the article was the materials from the funds of the state historical archive of the Chuvash Republic and the state archive of modern history of the Chuvash Republic (documents of official records management of public authorities and religious organizations), which are first introduced into scientific use. The study is based on the principle of historicism, comparative-historical and descriptive methods, which revealed the content of the research. Results. According to the results of the study of economic policy of the Chuvash authorities to revive The Cheboksary-Chuvash eparchy in the late 1980s–early 2000s, the author gives a comprehensive description of the considered historical processes. In particular, two stages concerning the transformation of state support for Orthodoxy are proposed and described. The first phase covers 1987–1993 and it is connected with the origin and formation of the practice of returning the monuments of Orthodox Church culture to the Cheboksary-Chuvash eparchy, periodic financial assistance for their repair and restoration work. The second stage (1993–2003) is the time of approval and implementation of the conceptual bases of restoration of the property confiscated from the Russian Orthodox Church during the Soviet period of history, fixed in the regional legislation. It is also established that the main directions of economic policy of the Chuvash authorities in relation to the Russian Orthodox Church were the return of the Church from the state jurisdiction of the property confiscated from it during the Soviet era, as well as the allocation of funds and construction materials for the repair of destroyed and the construction of new churches. Discussion and Conclusion. The consideration of the amount of economic assistance provided by the leadership of the Chuvash Republic to the local Orthodox Church testify to their important role in the full revival of Orthodoxy to the beginning of the first decade of the 2000s, which began in the Chuvash Republic in 1987. The process of state revival of the Church until 1993 was not systematic and was carried out as the need for ongoing democratic reforms. Only in 1994–1997 the decrees of the President of the Chuvash Republic were adopted, accelerating not only the free transfer of buildings-monuments of Orthodox architecture to the ownership of the Cheboksary-Chuvash eparchy, but providing significant financial support for its revival. Undoubtedly, by assisting The Cheboksary-Chuvash eparchy in the restoration of Orthodox architecture, the local authorities fulfilled their moral duty to make amends for the crimes committed by the Soviet state against the Orthodox Church in the Republic. Keywords: denominations, Russian Orthodox Church, Chuvash ASSR Orthodoxy, Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary-Chuvash diocese.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document