The Evolution of an Idea

Strategic Instincts ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691137452.003.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 29-47

Author(s):

Dominic D. P. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

International Relations ◽

Evolutionary Biology ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Evolutionary Approach ◽

Psychological Phenomena ◽

Selective Pressures ◽

The Social ◽

History Of ◽

The Brain

This chapter considers how and why international relations might benefit from an evolutionary approach. It explains the evolutionary biology's long history of misunderstanding and resistance in the social sciences since the “sociobiology” debate of the 1970s. It also reviews how the natural and social sciences have both moved on since the 1970s, including the promise for a future of mutual collaboration on strategic instincts. The chapter focuses on evolutionary biology to understand the origins and functions of cognitive biases and comprehend the selective pressures that shaped the brain in the first place. It addresses the question of whether psychological phenomena originate from nature or nurture.

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Contributions of Socioneuroscience to Research on Coerced and Free Sexual-Affective Desire

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnbeh.2021.814796 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Sandra Racionero-Plaza ◽

Lídia Puigvert ◽

Marta Soler-Gallart ◽

Ramon Flecha

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Social Impact ◽

Communicative Interaction ◽

Human Communication ◽

Communicative Acts ◽

New Findings ◽

The Social ◽

History Of ◽

Brain And Behavior ◽

The Brain

Neuroscience has well evidenced that the environment and, more specifically, social experience, shapes and transforms the architecture and functioning of the brain and even its genes. However, in order to understand how that happens, which types of social interactions lead to different results in brain and behavior, neurosciences require the social sciences. The social sciences have already made important contributions to neuroscience, among which the behaviorist explanations of human learning are prominent and acknowledged by the most well-known neuroscientists today. Yet neurosciences require more inputs from the social sciences to make meaning of new findings about the brain that deal with some of the most profound human questions. However, when we look at the scientific and theoretical production throughout the history of social sciences, a great fragmentation can be observed, having little interdisciplinarity and little connection between what authors in the different disciplines are contributing. This can be well seen in the field of communicative interaction. Nonetheless, this fragmentation has been overcome via the theory of communicative acts, which integrates knowledge from language and interaction theories but goes one step further in incorporating other aspects of human communication and the role of context. The theory of communicative acts is very informative to neuroscience, and a central contribution in socioneuroscience that makes possible deepening of our understanding of most pressing social problems, such as free and coerced sexual-affective desire, and achieving social and political impact toward their solution. This manuscript shows that socioneuroscience is an interdisciplinary frontier in which the dialogue between all social sciences and all natural sciences opens up an opportunity to integrate different levels of analysis in several sciences to ultimately achieve social impact regarding the most urgent human problems.

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The Promotion of Knowledge

10.5871/bacad/9780197263129.001.0001 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

International Relations ◽

Academic Community ◽

Current State ◽

Stability And Instability ◽

The Social ◽

The Usa ◽

History Of ◽

The Stability ◽

The Uk

To mark its centenary in 2002, the British Academy invited leading universities around the UK to host public lectures on the current state of and future prospects for a cross section of the disciplines that fall within the Academy's compass. The Academy proposed the discipline and the universities nominated their preferred speakers. Those selected were drawn from Britain, Europe and the USA, and they rose magnificently to the challenge, while interpreting it in a way specific to their discipline. The eight chapters (plus four commentaries) span the disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences, from the history of art to international relations and geography. These are reflections on the stability and instability of the ways in which we organize knowledge and on how far the academic community can and should be involved in the shaping of public policy.

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Reviews: Socialism, Social Science and the Ignoble Savage, Edmund Burke on Government, Politics and Society, Thomas Hobbes in His Time, Hobbes on Civil Association, The Discourses of Niccolo Machiavelli, Politics and Literature in the Eighteenth Century, Socio-Political Thought in African Literature: Weusi? The March of Socialism, Political Terrorism, Violence and the State, Suffragists and Liberals: The Politics of Woman Suffrage in Britain, Perspectives on Presidential Selection, Campaign ‘72: The Managers Speak, Beleaguered Minorities: Cultural Politics in America, Confidential Dispatches: Analysis of America by the British Ambassador, 1939–1945, Soviet and American Society: A Comparison, Yea or Nay? Referend Ain the United Kingdom, Labour: The Unions and the Party, History of Birmingham, Volume III: Birmingham 1939–1970, Brazil since 1964: Modernization under a Military Regime, Democracy and Political Change in Village India, Systems Theory in International Relations, A London Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Eighth Supplement 1972–73 (Vols. 29–31)

Political Studies ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9248.1976.tb00109.x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 209-235

Author(s):

Raymond Plant ◽

David Kettler ◽

Michael Freeman ◽

K. R. Minogue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

International Relations ◽

Edmund Burke ◽

Politics And Literature ◽

Presidential Selection ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

The Social ◽

History Of ◽

Political Terrorism ◽

American Society

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International Relations at the Beginning of the XX Century in the Works of Vladimir Mikhailovich Khvostov

Journal of Educational and Social Research ◽

10.2478/jesr-2019-0074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 218-221

Author(s):

Albina Imamutdinova ◽

Nikita Kuvshinov ◽

Elena Andreeva ◽

Elena Venidiktova

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Foreign Policy ◽

International Relations ◽

Significant Role ◽

Research Activities ◽

History Of

Abstract The article discusses the research activities of Vladimir Mikhailovich Khvostov, his creative legacy on issues and problems of international relations of the early ХХ century; the life of V.M. Khvostov, characterization and evolution of his approaches and views on the history of international relations, foreign policy. A prominent organizer and theorist in the field of pedagogical Sciences, academician Vladimir Mikhailovich Khvostov played a significant role in the formation of the Academy of pedagogical Sciences of the USSR – the all-Union center of pedagogical thought. As its first President, he paid great attention to the development and improvement of the system of humanitarian education in the school, taking into account all the tasks and requirements imposed by the practice of Communist construction in our country. In his reports and speeches at various scientific sessions and conferences, he repeatedly emphasized the exceptional importance of social Sciences in the training of not only educated girls and boys, but also in the formation of politically literate youth.

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The Problem

10.1093/oso/9780198787099.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Mats Alvesson ◽

Yiannis Gabriel ◽

Roland Paulsen

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Academic Research ◽

Social Scientists ◽

Research Papers ◽

Prestigious Journal ◽

The Past ◽

The Social ◽

Academic Researchers ◽

History Of ◽

Wide Gap

This chapter introduces ‘the problem’ of meaningless research in the social sciences. Over the past twenty years there has been an enormous growth in research publications, but never before in the history of humanity have so many social scientists written so much to so little effect. Academic research in the social sciences is often inward looking, addressed to small tribes of fellow researchers, and its purpose in what is increasingly a game is that of getting published in a prestigious journal. A wide gap has emerged between the esoteric concerns of social science researchers and the pressing issues facing today’s societies. The chapter critiques the inaccessibility of the language used by academic researchers, and the formulaic qualities of most research papers, fostered by the demands of the publishing game. It calls for a radical move from research for the sake of publishing to research that has something meaningful to say.

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Historical Overview of Qualitative Research in the Social Sciences

The Oxford Handbook of Qualitative Research ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190847388.013.10 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 21-58

Author(s):

Svend Brinkmann ◽

Michael Hviid Jacobsen ◽

Søren Kristiansen

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Qualitative Research ◽

Social History ◽

Historical Overview ◽

Conceptual History ◽

The Social ◽

History Of ◽

Technological History

Qualitative research does not represent a monolithic, agreed-on approach to research but is a vibrant and contested field with many contradictions and different perspectives. To respect the multivoicedness of qualitative research, this chapter will approach its history in the plural—as a variety of histories. The chapter will work polyvocally and focus on six histories of qualitative research, which are sometimes overlapping, sometimes in conflict, and sometimes even incommensurable. They can be considered articulations of different discourses about the history of the field, which compete for researchers’ attention. The six histories are: (a) the conceptual history of qualitative research, (b) the internal history of qualitative research, (c) the marginalizing history of qualitative research, (d) the repressed history of qualitative research, (e) the social history of qualitative research, and (f) the technological history of qualitative research.

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Women in science: from images to data

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1515/pac-2021-0201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Catherine Jami

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Women Scientists ◽

Working Environment ◽

Women In Science ◽

Standing Committee ◽

Family Responsibilities ◽

Working Lives ◽

The Social ◽

History Of

Abstract In recent decades research in the social sciences, including in the history of science, has shown that women scientists continue to be depicted as exceptions to the rule that a normal scientist is a man. The underlying message is that being an outstanding scientist is incompatible with being an ordinary woman. From women scientists’ reported experiences, we learn that family responsibilities as well as sexism in their working environment are two major hindrances to their careers. This experience is now backed by statistical analysis, so that what used to be regarded as an individual problem for each woman of science can now be identified as a multi-layered social phenomenon, to be analysed and remedied as such. Over the last five years, international scientific unions have come together to address these issues, first through the Gender Gap in Science Project, and recently through the setting up of a Standing Committee for Gender Equality in Science (SCGES) whose task is to foster measures to reduce the barriers that women scientists have to surmount in their working lives.

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THE EARLY MODERN ORIGINS OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS

Social Philosophy and Policy ◽

10.1017/s0265052520000035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 30-54

Author(s):

Richard Boyd

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Early Modern ◽

Cognitive Biases ◽

Adam Smith ◽

Francis Bacon ◽

Economic Rationality ◽

Homo Economicus ◽

Behavioral Psychology ◽

Human Conduct ◽

The Social

AbstractFor all the recent discoveries of behavioral psychology and experimental economics, the spirit of homo economicus still dominates the contemporary disciplines of economics, political science, and sociology. Turning back to the earliest chapters of political economy, however, reveals that pioneering figures such as Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, and Adam Smith were hardly apostles of economic rationality as they are often portrayed in influential narratives of the development of the social sciences. As we will see, while all three of these thinkers can plausibly be read as endorsing “rationality,” they were also well aware of the systematic irrationality of human conduct, including a remarkable number of the cognitive biases later “discovered” by contemporary behavioral economists. Building on these insights I offer modest suggestions for how these thinkers, properly understood, might carry the behavioral revolution in different directions than those heretofore suggested.

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National Internationalists: British and West German Protests against Nuclear Weapons, the Politics of Transnational Communications and the Social History of the Cold War, 1957–1964

Contemporary European History ◽

10.1017/s0960777305002766 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 559-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

HOLGER NEHRING

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

International Relations ◽

Social History ◽

Nuclear Weapons ◽

Political Movements ◽

Protest Movements ◽

The Social ◽

Political Traditions ◽

History Of ◽

The Cold War

This article examines the politics of communication between British and West German protesters against nuclear weapons in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The interpretation suggested here historicises the assumptions of ‘transnational history’ and shows the nationalist and internationalist dimensions of the protest movements' histories to be inextricably connected. Both movements related their own aims to global and international problems. Yet they continued to observe the world from their individual perspectives: national, regional and local forms thus remained important. By illuminating the interaction between political traditions, social developments and international relations in shaping important political movements within two European societies, this article can provide one element of a new connective social history of the cold war.

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