What Is Light, Really?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sönke Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Discrete Energy ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy States

This concluding chapter explains that the modern theory of light falls within the field of quantum mechanics. At first glance, quantum mechanics does not seem that strange—its name is based on the fact that light comes in units and that electrons have discrete energy states. It also includes the uncertainty principle, which states that one cannot know certain pairs of physical properties with perfect precision. Moreover, quantum mechanics involves the wave-particle duality of photons. The chapter then explores two of the most unusual aspects of quantum mechanics: two-slit interference and quantum entanglement. Both violate the most fundamental notions about how the world works.

scholarly journals Qubit, Quantum Entanglement and all that: Quantum Computing Made Simple

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zion Elani
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Hype ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fully Functioning

Quantum computing, a fancy word resting on equally fancy fundamentals in quantum mechanics, has become a media hype, a mainstream topic in popular culture and an eye candy for high-tech company researchers and investors alike. Quantum computing has the power to provide faster, more efficient, secure and accurate computing solutions for emerging future innovations. Governments the world over, in collaboration with high-tech companies, pour in billions of dollars for the advancement of computing solutions quantum-based and for the development of fully functioning quantum computers that may one day aid in or even replace classical computers. Despite much hype and publicity, most people do not understand what quantum computing is, nor do they comprehend the significance of the developments required in this field, and the impact it may have on the future. Through these lecture notes, we embark on a pedagogic journey of understanding quantum computing, gradually revealing the concepts that form its basis, later diving in a vast pool of future possibilities that lie ahead, concluding with understanding and acknowledging some major hindrance and speed breaking bumpers in their path.

scholarly journals Classical and Quantum Physics in Selected Economic Models

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Drabik
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty

Classical and Quantum Physics in Selected Economic ModelsA growing number of economic phenomena are nowadays described with methods known in physics. The most frequently applied physical theories by economists are: (1) the universal gravitation law and (2) the first and second law of thermodynamics. Physical principles can also be applied to the theory of financial markets. Financial markets are composed of individual participants who may be seen to interact as particles in a physical system. This approach proposes a financial market model known as a minority game model in which securities and money are allocated on the basis of price fluctuations, and where selling is best option when the vast majority of investors tend to purchase goods or services, and vice versa. The players who end up being on the minority side win.The above applications of physical methods in economics are deeply rooted in classical physics. However, this paper aims to introduce the basic concepts of quantum mechanics to the process of economic phenomena modelling. Quantum mechanics is a theory describing the behaviour of microscopic objects and is grounded on the principle of wave-particle duality. It is assumed that quantum-scale objects at the same time exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. The key role in quantum mechanics is played by: (1) the Schrödinger equation describing the probability amplitude for the particle to be found in a given position and at a given time, and as (2) the Heisenberg uncertainty principle stating that certain pairs of physical properties cannot be economic applications of the Schrödinger equation as well as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. We also try to describe the English auction by means the quantum mechanics methods.

scholarly journals Non-Stationary States in Physics and Biophysics

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Б. Г. Заславский ◽  
М. А. Филатов ◽  
В. В. Еськов ◽  
Е. А. Манина
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Unstable Systems ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Human Habitat ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Self Organizing

Необходимость изучения неустойчивых систем подчеркивал I. R. Prigogine, но за последние 40 лет эта проблема не рассматривается в науке. Однако за последние 25 лет была доказана статистическая неустойчивость параметров движения в биомеханике в виде эффекта Еськова–Зинченко. Подобные неустойчивые системы имеются и в неживой природе на Земле в виде систем регуляции климата и метеопараметров среды обитания человека. Эти системы в 1948 г. W. Weaver обозначил как системы третьего типа, они обладают особой статистической неустойчивостью, характерной для самоорганизующихся систем. В работе представлены основные свойства таких систем третьего типа и некоторые инварианты для их описания. Существенно, что их моделирование основано на ряде принципов квантовой механики. В частности, принципе неопределенности Гейзенберга и квантовой запутанности. I. R. Prigogine emphasized the need to research unstable systems. However, for the last 40 years, this problem has not been studied well. Still, in the last 25 years, the statistical instability of biomechanical motion properties was proved as the Eskov–Zinchenko effect. Such unstable systems exist in the Earth’s inorganic nature, too, as the human habitat climate/weather regulation systems. In 1948 W. Weather called such systems “3rd kind systems”. They feature a special statistical instability peculiar to self-organizing systems. The study presents the key properties of such 3rd kind systems and some invariants that define these non-stationary systems. Significantly, the simulation is based on some quantum mechanics postulates. Particularly, these are the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and the quantum entanglement principle.

scholarly journals Quantum certainty mechanics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Conservation Of Energy

Quantum certainty mechanics is a theory for measuring the position and momentum of a particle. Mathematically proven certainty principle from uncertainty principle, which is basically one of the most important formulas of quantum certainty mechanics theory. The principle of uncertainty can be proved by the principle of certainty and why uncertainty comes can also be proved. The principle of certainty can be proved from the theory of relativity And in the uncertainty principle equation, the principle of certainty can be proved by fulfilling the conditions of the principle of certainty by multiplying the uncertain constant with the certain values of momentum-position and energy-time. The principle of certainty proves that the calculation of θ ≥π/2 between the particle and the wave involved in the particle leads to uncertainty. But calculating with θ=0 does not bring uncertainty. Quantum certainty mechanics has been established by combining Newtonian mechanics, relativity theory and quantum mechanics. Quantum entanglement can be explained by protecting the principle of conservation of energy.

Quantum fluctuations and the double-slit experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (18) ◽  
pp. 1950139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Giné
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Quantum Fluctuations ◽  
Vacuum Fluctuations ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Double Slit Experiment ◽  
Slit Experiment ◽  
Double Slit

The double-slit experiment is a demonstration of wave-particle duality and one of the most fundamental experiments that help us understand the nature of quantum mechanics. In this work, we give a new explanation of this experiment in terms of the uncertainty principle and vacuum fluctuations. This explanation allows one to understand why the electron interferes with itself when being shot through the double-slit.

scholarly journals Quantum certainty mechanics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Relativity Theory ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Conservation Of Energy

Quantum certainty mechanics is a theory for measuring the position and momentum of a particle. Mathematically proven certainty principle from uncertainty principle, which is basically one of the most important formulas of quantum certainty mechanics theory. The principle of uncertainty can be proved by the principle of certainty and why uncertainty comes can also be proved. The principle of certainty can be proved from the theory of relativity And in the uncertainty principle equation, the principle of certainty can be proved by fulfilling the conditions of the principle of certainty by multiplying the uncertain constant with the certain values of momentum-position and energy-time. The principle of certainty proves that the calculation of θ π/2 between the particle and the wave involved in the particle leads to uncertainty. But calculating with θ=0 does not bring uncertainty. Quantum certainty mechanics has been established by combining Newtonian mechanics, relativity theory and quantum mechanics. Quantum entanglement can be explained by protecting the principle of conservation of energy.

The Event Universe

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leemon B. McHenry
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Alfred North Whitehead ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Linguistic Methods

What kinds of things are events? Battles, explosions, accidents, crashes, rock concerts would be typical examples of events and these would be reinforced in the way we speak about the world. Events or actions function linguistically as verbs and adverbs. Philosophers following Aristotle have claimed that events are dependent on substances such as physical objects and persons. But with the advances of modern physics, some philosophers and physicists have argued that events are the basic entities of reality and what we perceive as physical bodies are just very long events spread out in space-time. In other words, everything turns out to be events. This view, no doubt, radically revises our ordinary common sense view of reality, but as our event theorists argue common sense is out of touch with advancing science. In The Event Universe: The Revisionary Metaphysics of Alfred North Whitehead, Leemon McHenry argues that Whitehead's metaphysics provides a more adequate basis for achieving a unification of physical theory than a traditional substance metaphysics. He investigates the influence of Maxwell's electromagnetic field, Einstein's theory of relativity and quantum mechanics on the development of the ontology of events and compares Whitehead’s theory to his contemporaries, C. D. Broad and Bertrand Russell, as well as another key proponent of this theory, W. V. Quine. In this manner, McHenry defends the naturalized and speculative approach to metaphysics as opposed to analytical and linguistic methods that arose in the 20th century.

The Theory of Accounting in the Context of Modern Paradigm of Scientific Knowledge

2017 ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Vita Semanyuk
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
World Level

Accounting as a practical activity was being developed during millennia but the final forming of accounting science is impossible without the development of its modern theory, which is correspondent to the requirements of scientific doctrines of the 21st century. The existing theory, in many cases, is not good at all and, in general, it is the set of technical approaches of realization of double record. The results of economic investigations of the world level show the impossibility of modern accounting science to fulfill its functions because of its conservative character and it was not changed during many years. All these investigations have a direct impact on economy and show that the understanding of the basic postulates changes and the stress is made on psychological and social aspects and avoiding of material ruling.

Quantum Theory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank S. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Quantum Spin ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Quantum Numbers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

The subject of Chapter 8 is the fundamental principles of quantum theory, the abstract extension of quantum mechanics. Two of the entities explored are kets and operators, with kets being representations of quantum states as well as a source of wave functions. The quantum box and quantum spin kets are specified, as are the quantum numbers that identify them. Operators are introduced and defined in part as the symbolic representations of observable quantities such as position, momentum and quantum spin. Eigenvalues and eigenkets are defined and discussed, with the former identified as the possible outcomes of a measurement. Bras, the counterpart to kets, are introduced as the means of forming probability amplitudes from kets. Products of operators are examined, as is their role underpinning Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. A variety of symbol manipulations are presented. How measurements are believed to collapse linear superpositions to one term of the sum is explored.

scholarly journals On Russell’s 1927 Book The Analysis of Matter

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Said Mikki
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Philosophy Of Nature ◽  
Foundations Of Physics ◽  
The World ◽  
Ordinal Space ◽  
Historical Fact

The goal of this article is to bring into wider attention the often neglected important work by Bertrand Russell on the philosophy of nature and the foundations of physics, published in the year 1927. It is suggested that the idea of what could be named Russell space, introduced in Part III of that book, may be viewed as more fundamental than many other types of spaces since the highly abstract nature of the topological ordinal space proposed by Russell there would incorporate into its very fabric the emergent nature of spacetime by deploying event assemblages, but not spacetime or particles, as the fundamental building blocks of the world. We also point out the curious historical fact that the book The Analysis of Matter can be chronologically considered the earliest book-length generic attempt to reflect on the relation between quantum mechanics, just emerging by that time, and general relativity.

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