Afghanistan Enters the Twenty-first Century

Afghanistan ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Barfield
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Community ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
National Government ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter looks at the first decade of the twenty-first century in Afghanistan. As the twentieth century ended, ever-larger numbers of Afghans had become caught up in political and military struggles from which they had been previously isolated. Whether as fighters, refugees, or just victims of war and disorder, few escaped the turmoil that roiled the country. Ethnic and regional groups in Afghanistan had become politically and militarily empowered, reversing the process of centralization that had been imposed by Amir Abdur Rahman. Yet when the international community set about creating the new Afghan constitution, it did not start afresh but attempted to restore the institutions of old. This brought to the surface long-simmering disputes about the relationship of the national government to local communities, the legitimacy of governments and rulers, and the relationship that Afghanistan should have with the outside world.

DARMSTADT 2014: THE COMPOSER-PERFORMER

Tempo ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (271) ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Viola Yip
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

It seems clear that, by a certain point in the twentieth century, the roles of composer and performer had become increasingly separated, but when we think of composers such as JS Bach, Beethoven and Rachmaninov, we are reminded that the idea of the musician as composer-performer is not new. Today, we can see an increasing number of musicians running a double life as composer and performer. What does it mean to be a composer-performer in the twenty-first century? How does the relationship of compositions to their performances change when the composer is the performer?

Lutheran

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Rusch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
First Century ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Ecumenical Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This chapter describes how Lutheranism has viewed, responded to, and contributed to the ecumenical movement. It defines the nature of Lutheranism and the ecumenical movement. It traces the history of the relationship of Lutheranism to other Christians and their churches from the sixteenth until the twenty-first century. Thus it shows how Lutherans developed their views of the unity of the Church and of its importance. The initial response of Lutheranism to the rise of the ecumenical movement in 1910 was one of caution and fear of doctrinal compromise. During the twentieth century, Lutheran reflection about and involvement in all aspects of the ecumenical movement increased dramatically. One result is that global Lutheranism as represented by the Lutheran World Federation is now a major partner on the ecumenical scene.

scholarly journals International Cooperation in the Twenty-first Century: Familiar Problems and New Challenges

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Harold K. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Community ◽  
First Century ◽  
Nation States ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Twenty First Century

The creation and proliferation of international organizations of various sorts, increasing economic interdependence, the spread of democracy. and the strong leadership played by the United States all worked positively together to facilitate international cooperation during the second half of the twentieth century, overcoming to a great extent the familiar problem of 'cooperation under anarchy. 'But humankind is confronting new challenges as well, arising from the shift in power relations among nation-states and the rise of new issues that call for global. attention. One of the most prominent issues is the protection of environment. It is unclear how easily the formulas that have proved to be so successful in bringing about international cooperation in the twentieth century can be applied to the new challenges. If a series of organised responses to the issue of climate change as shown in the completion and implementation of the Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC) is any indication, however, the international. community seems to have successfully begun to confront them. The relative promptness of action taken by the international community. the manner in which the issue is negotiated where the principle of equity was directly addressed, the comprehensiveness of the Treaty's scope, and responsible behaviour of the states of the world, all point to broad optimism about international cooperation in the twenty-first century.

Paradise Lost in Dutch, 1728–2003

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frans van Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Verse Form ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter offers a history of Dutch translations of Paradise Lost, from the early eighteenth to the early twenty-first century. The focus is on the question of how Dutch translators have grappled with two issues: the epic’s verse form, especially its lack of rhyme and syntactic idiosyncrasies; and its politico-religious dimension, its complex view of the relationship between earthly and divine authority, as well as its anti-predestinarian stance. The history of Paradise Lost in Dutch, which starts with the translation of Van Zanten in 1728, is characterized by an unresolved formal struggle with Milton’s blank verse, embraced unreservedly only in the early twentieth century, with translator Gutteling. Before 1900, the politico-religious dimension of Paradise Lost was at the fore for translators, yet this aspect of the poem has receded in prominence, with translators after 1900 presenting the poem instead as a timeless and self-contained work of literary genius.

Epilogue

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Wuthnow
Keyword(s):  
Turning Points ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
First Century ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Methodist Church ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A CENTURY AND A HALF after Abraham Lincoln lectured at the Methodist Church in Atchison, the principal questions for those of us who ponder the relationship of faith and politics in the twenty-first century are these: What are the decisive turning points that with hindsight can be said to have shaped the region’s political climate—to have produced, in this instance, one of the reddest of the nation’s red states and led to the Religious Right’s lengthy ascendancy? And what broader conclusions can be drawn from this history about the contested place of religion in U.S. politics?...

scholarly journals Intellectual Capital and Challenges of Organizations in the Twenty-First Century

2014 ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khalique ◽  
Shazali Abu Mansor ◽  
Abu Hassan bin Md. Isa ◽  
Jamal Abdul Nassir bin Shaari
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
First Century ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the present century, intellectual capital is recognized as the most important and strategic asset for organizations. Intellectual capital is mainly based on knowledge and useful information. Intellectual capital is playing a critical role to create value from the combination of tangible and intangible assets to enhance the performance of organizations. This chapter looks at the concept and application of intellectual capital and its associated challenges of organizations in a competitive environment. More specifically, this chapter highlights the relationship of intellectual capital with the performance of organizations of various sectors. The relationship of intellectual capital was supported by empirical studies which were done by various renowned researchers in the intellectual capital field. In addition, this chapter discusses the various major components and models of intellectual capital.

scholarly journals Clausewitz and the partisan: Accounting for unlimited enmity in the twenty-first century

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Trinity

Abstract Napoleon harnessed unlimited enmity to transform wars from limited ones to unlimited ones. Accordingly, Clausewitz developed the Trinity to describe this source of power. However, the increasing destruction due to interstate wars has led to a decrease in this type of conflict. At the same time, there has been an increase in partisan wars. The Trinity cannot explain partisan victories or state defeats. Using social psychology to explain the relationship of the partisan to the group, this research shows how partisans harness unlimited enmity to engage in existential wars. Furthering Clausewitzian philosophy, a new analogy, the singularity, is created to describe this power. Implications and conclusions drawn are at the end of the paper.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

The Gallic Singularity and the Royal Mistress

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-66
Author(s):  
Christine Adams
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
Louis Xvi ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Realm

The relationship of the French king and royal mistress, complementary but unequal, embodied the Gallic singularity; the royal mistress exercised a civilizing manner and the soft power of women on the king’s behalf. However, both her contemporaries and nineteenth- and early twentieth-century historians were uncomfortable with the mistress’s political power. Furthermore, paradoxical attitudes about French womanhood have led to analyses of her role that are often contradictory. Royal mistresses have simultaneously been celebrated for their civilizing effect in the realm of culture, chided for their frivolous expenditures on clothing and jewelry, and excoriated for their dangerous meddling in politics. Their increasing visibility in the political realm by the eighteenth century led many to blame Louis XV’s mistresses—along with Queen Marie-Antoinette, who exercised a similar influence over her husband, Louis XVI—for the degradation and eventual fall of the monarchy. This article reexamines the historiography of the royal mistress.

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