Illness as Work: Human Market Transition

Life Exposed ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Petryna
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Family Work ◽  
The Social

This chapter examines the “epidemic” of disability in post-Soviet Ukraine, and more specifically how state laws on the social protection of Chernobyl sufferers have turned suffering and disability into a resource affecting family, work, and social identity. It shows how the line between sickness and health becomes a highly politicized one as traditional forms of Soviet social organization, particularly the labor collective, are being replaced by a new architecture of welfare claims, privileges, laws, and identities. It also discusses the role of the Exclusion Zone in an informal Soviet economy and capitalist transition, as well as the ways in which workers micromanage inflation with a sick role sociality in their everyday lives. Finally, it considers the establishment of medical-labor committees to handle the growing number of disability claims related to the Chernobyl explosion and highlights a city of sufferers where so many individuals have gained their illnesses for life.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty of households

2021 ◽  
Vol 11/1 (-) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Olena POSHYVALOVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Information Basis

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused grave and severe losses in many of the economies across the globe. The impact and the duration of the economic crisis occurring due to the pandemic among certain households is difficult to anticipate since the indeterminacy is being defined through the duration of the crisis and costs for the recovery of the economy. The purpose of the paper is to study theoretical aspects related to the assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty of households. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are modern theories, concepts, hypotheses. Comparative analysis is used. The methodological and information basis of the work are scientific works, materials of periodicals, information resources. Results. The paper incorporates a content analysis of studies focusing on the economic impact of the COVID-19 on the development of national economies. The majority of studies assess economic implications of the COVID-19 however they are concentrated on the macroeconomic and financial impact of the Corona Crisis. The impact on national economies is subsequently reduced to the microlevel, specifically the social and economic impact on individuals. Nonetheless, there is a need for a microanalysis which may better describe the interrelation between sectors and countries (the effect of macroeconomic aggregate indicators) and supplement the macroanalysis, providing more relevant evaluations of the impact of the distribution of income, outline the authorities of households, the role of people's savings, determine the resilience of households. The work establishes main assumptions and restrictions of formulating the model of impact of social and economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty of households Conclusion. Taking into consideration the distribution of incomes for various sectors, the proposed model allows to ensure the assessment of losses in the consumption of households, savings depletion and time for their recovery. It has been proven that without the social protection of the population the Corona Crisis will lead to a massive economic shock for the national economy. Prospects of further studies lie in the assessment of the impact of indirect macro-level factors, role of indeterminacy in the decision-making of households and implications in case of numerous waves of social crisis as well as the possible effect in the condition of concurrent exogenous shocks.

Paul and the Author of 1 Clement as Entrepreneurs of Identity in Corinthian Crises of Leadership

2021 ◽  
pp. 0142064X2110647
Author(s):  
Katja Kujanpää
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Past ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Identity Approach

When Paul and the author of 1 Clement write letters to Corinth to address crises of leadership, both discuss Moses’ παρρησία (frankness and openness), yet they evaluate it rather differently. In this article, I view both authors as entrepreneurs of identity and explore the ways in which they try to shape their audience’s social identity and influence their behaviour in the crisis by selectively retelling scriptural narratives related to Moses. The article shows that social psychological theories under the umbrella term of the social identity approach help to illuminate the active role of leaders in identity construction as well as the processes of retelling the past in order to mobilize one’s audience.

scholarly journals Mobilising Men: Ally Identities and Collective Action in Japan and the Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle P. Ochoa ◽  
Eric Julian Manalastas ◽  
Makiko Deguchi ◽  
Winnifred R. Louis
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Group Efficacy ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Ingroup Identification ◽  
Moral Convictions

Men have an important role as allies in reducing discrimination against women. Following the Social Identity Model of Collective Action (SIMCA), we examined whether men's identification with women would predict their allied collective action, alongside moral convictions, efficacy, and anger. We also examined whether identification with their own ingroup would decrease their willingness to improve women's situation. We tested the SIMCA, extended to consider ingroup identification among men, in Japan (N = 103) and the Philippines (N = 131). Consistent with the SIMCA, moral convictions and group efficacy predicted men's willingness to engage in collective action to fight discrimination against women. However, anger was not significant, and identification with the advantaged and disadvantaged groups played different roles in the two countries. We discuss the possible role of norms and legitimacy in society in explaining the pattern of results.

Nurseries as a special form of social care in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Inna A. Shikunova ◽  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

We consider the formation and development features of the nurseries as a special social institution in the Tambov Governorate in the early of 20th century. The governorate and county levels of declared scientific problem consideration allows to conduct the successful reconstruction of the formation and activities of infant nurseries for foundlings, orphans in both urban and rural areas, which reflected the practice of social care and charity of “trouble children”. We reveal the implementation features of county initiatives for the social protection of foundlings and orphans, as well as the levels and forms of such support for such categories of Russian society by local authorities. We clarify the possibilities of organizing nurseries for foundlings at the governorate and county hospitals and maternity wards. We note the role of particular medical workers in the development of civic initiatives and public service in the rescue of foundlings. We identify the historiographic traditions of both domestic and foreign historians in the study of the orphans charity in the context of the social work organization and the social institutions development, including nurseries. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical sources, it was possible to identify the most successful and effective practices of organizing nurseries both in the peaceful years and in the periods of Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and World War I 1914–1918, which allowed us to consider various little-studied aspects of the stated scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system for orphans through the prism of nursery care. We clarify the position and role of the Orthodox Church on the organization of orphan charity in monasteries during the war years of 1914–1918. We reveal the main posing issues of the prospects for studying a wide range of problems in the history of orphanhood in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of social policy when conducting a study of charitable support and private public initiatives of the considered period.

scholarly journals Regime constitucional da assistência social

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Cristine Oliveira Teles
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Constitutional Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Constitutional System

Resumo: O presente artigo objetiva analisar o regime constitucional da Assistência Social para demonstrar o verdadeiro papel desse subsistema para assegurar o alcance do princípio da universalidade da cobertura e do atendimento, prescrito no artigo 194, parágrafo único, inciso I, da Constituição de 1988. Para tanto, parte-se da prescrição constitucional (artigo 201) de que a previdência social é devida ao trabalhador e seu dependente, mas que existe uma parte da população brasileira que não trabalha ou está em condições precárias de trabalho, e que demanda proteção social diante da sua situação de vulnerabilidade. Para desenvolver esta pesquisa, partiu-se do método dedutivo, em que a assistência social foi estudada preliminarmente no plano constitucional para, depois, ser compendiada a jurisprudência pátria com o intuito de obter resultados teóricos e empíricos da realidade da seguridade social no Brasil, especialmente em relação à concretização da assistência social na busca da universalização.Abstract: This article aims to analyze the constitutional system of Social Assistance to demonstrate the true role of this subsystem to ensure the scope of the principle of the universality of coverage and care, prescribed in article 194, sole paragraph, item I, of the 1988 Constitution, it is based on the constitutional prescription (article 201) that social security is due to the worker and his dependents, but that there is a part of the Brazilian population that does not work or is in precarious working conditions, and that demands social protection before the vulnerability. In order to develop this research, it was based on the deductive method, in which the social assistance was preliminarily studied at the constitutional level and then the country jurisprudence was summarized in order to obtain theoretical and empirical results of the social security situation in Brazil, especially in relation to the realization of social assistance in the search for universalization.

scholarly journals The role of Romanian social enterprises in the alleviation of poverty and social exclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1257-1275
Author(s):  
Ruxandra Argatu
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
Equitable Treatment

Abstract Poverty and social exclusion are nowadays widely debated phenomena as they present highly threatening consequences for the wellbeing of humanity, making it unable to reach adequate living standards and to fully exercise social rights. To alleviate imbalances, adequate programs need to be put into place and for this process to be efficient, coherence and commitment must constitute elementary values to advance social welfare. Social enterprises can also contribute with their value creating potential to the fostering of a sustainable society that places a high emphasis on the defense of vulnerable groups and offers them an equitable treatment. The present paper firstly aims to illustrate conceptual elements referring to poverty, social exclusion and the social protection of marginalized groups. Secondly, the study is complemented by a research on Romanian social enterprises’ perspective (associations, foundations and sheltered units) concerning social threats and the defense of less favored individuals, undertaken through a questionnaire-based survey. The research unveils the social enterprises’ belief that the Romanian social field needs substantial attention from policymakers and that social protection services can aid them in gaining social privileges more adequately.

scholarly journals Evolution in Visual Communication of the Javanese Printed Wedding Invitations

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Diah Kristina ◽  
Nur Saptaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The Social ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Social Document ◽  
Host Evolution

Printed wedding invitations have been one of the most crucial aspects in the social organization among many countries like Brunei Darussalam, Iran, Egypt, and Persia. Javanese people also pay special attention to this social document as it represents social class, social status, prestige, and fnancial support allocated by the host. Evolution of printed Javanese wedding invitations represent social and economic pressures. The diasporic communities who were absent to earn a living brought a noticeable change by setting up the bride’s parents’ photographs in the invitations. 15 invitation texts were selected ranging from 1980 – 2017 used in Tawangmangu, Wonogiri and Sukoharjo, the eastern part of Central Java, Indonesia. There was a consistent regularity in terms of rhetorical structure. Functionally, the invitations have the same role of inviting prospective guests to share happiness in a more family-bound relationship. Inclusion of parents’ photographs, map of the location, pre-wedding photos, wise words, calendar, the profle of the couple were indicators of transformation taking place. Later, the printing decision of the invitations is pretty much customer-driven informed by the customers’ needs, values, and beliefs. Rhetorically the materialistically-driven social phenomenon was shown by an explicit gifts desired.

The Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Support and Affective Commitment

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtane Caesens ◽  
Géraldine Marique ◽  
Florence Stinglhamber
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Two distinct perspectives have emerged in the literature to explain the relationship between perceived organizational support (POS) and affective commitment (AC): a social exchange perspective and, more recently, a social identity perspective. However, these views have never been considered together. Filling this gap, our study aims to examine the conjoint role of felt obligation (i.e., the social exchange perspective) and organizational identification (i.e., the social identity perspective) in the relationship between POS and AC. Based on two different samples, our results indicate that both felt obligation and organizational identification partially mediate the relationship between POS and AC. In sum, this research shows that the two mechanisms play a concomitant role in the link between POS and AC.

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