“Parasites upon Society”

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Municipal Council ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Work Relief

This chapter explores how the metaphor equating the nonworking poor with “parasites” became ingrained in sociological thinking. In the first decade of the Republic, the advent of sociology as a new field of knowledge in China attempted to study “poverty” on a scientific basis. As left-wing intellectuals valorized labor and foreign missionaries promoted “scientific charity” based on work relief, these ideas converged with workhouses and poorhouses that provided custodial detention in the guise of both punishment and charity. In addition, this chapter begins the story of Shanghai's straw hut shantytowns, and the protracted battles between their residents and the International Settlement's Municipal Council.

scholarly journals Production of extra-strong concrete axisymmetric products

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 06011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhridin Khasanov ◽  
Temur Mirzaev
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Intensity Compression

The article presents the results of many years of comprehensive research on the new technology of forming extra-strong unreinforced pipes for hydro-engineering construction by vibro-peristaltic hyper-compacting with simultaneous modifying of the concrete mixtures and concrete itself. The regularities of occurrence of a compacted mixture in a column of high-intensity compression and tension zones varying in time, as well as the placement and configuration of the filtration fields of the formwork forms, taking into account the type and diameter of the holes preventing their blockage in the molding process, are given. As a result of experimental theoretical and industrial research, the scientific basis for the production of highly durable concrete has been developed. Technological bases of its production in axisymmetric products, as well as a new installation for molding concrete unreinforced pipes by vibro-peristaltic pressing, which is protected by copyright certificate and patent of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The installation is intended for forming low-pressure and free-flow pipes with a nominal diameter from 500 to 1500 mm and a length of up to 2000 mm. The purpose of this article is to share the results of research, experience to accelerate the widespread introduction of new technology.

Argentine Neutrality, Mediation, and Asylum During the Spanish Civil War

1963 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-403
Author(s):  
Joe Robert Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Popular Front ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Francisco Franco ◽  
Constituent Assembly ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church

Civil War broke out in Spain in 1936. Following eight years of dictatorship by General Primo de Rivera, who had acted with the approval of King Alfonso XIII, elections were held in June, 1931, for a constituent assembly. The election returns brought in a republican-socialist majority, which forbade the king’s return, confiscated his property, and proclaimed Spain a republic. The republic had enemies on both the right and the left. The large landholders, the army, and the Church had vested interests which the republic proceeded to attack. On the left, the anarchists and socialists became more /radical, competing for the loyalty of the Spanish workers. The republic’s problems were compounded by the traditional separatist movements of Catalans, Basques, and Gallegans. Power shifted from the left in 1931 to the right in 1933, and, finally, in February, 1936, to a “popular front “government. The Popular Front, however, proved to be a coalition for election purposes only. Largo Caballero, the leader of the left wing of the socialists, declined to serve in the moderate Azaña cabinet. In July, 1936, army, monarchist, clerical, and Carlist groups joined with the Falange to bring about a counter-revolutionary coup under the leadership of General Francisco Franco. The Civil War had started. It was to last for three brutality-filled years.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL - PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FODDER PLANTS USED TO PREVENT DESERTIFICATION IN THE CHUST-PAP ADYRS OF THE FERGHANA VALLEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6(75)) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Otabek Normirzoyevich Imomov ◽  
Turakhon Uzakovna Rakhimova ◽  
Saidmakhmud Mirzaev
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Anthropogenic Influences ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
North West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Ferghana Valley ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Local Plants

Adyrs of Chust-Pap, located in the north-west of the Ferghana Valley of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the process of desertification due to anthropogenic influences has been observed over the past 35-40 years. This process was confirmed by scientists, and evidence was provided. The aim of this study was to analyze the threeyear data on the parameters of the water regime in the conditions of rainfed cultivation of such local plants as Salsola orientalis S. G. Gmel., Kochia prostrata (L) Schrad. subsp. grisea prat. Subsp. nov., Krascheninnikovia ewersmanniana (Stschegl. ex Losinsk.) Grubov., Artemisia sogdiana Bge., used in the restoration of plant communities. A scientific basis has been created for the propagation of species to prevent desertification, that adapted to the region and common in natural ecosystems.

scholarly journals РЕФОРМА ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ В РЕСПУБЛІЦІ УЗБЕКИСТАН: НОВІ РИЗИКИ І НОВІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
А. Ф. Расулев ◽  
С. А. Воронин
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Methodological Principles

Using an integrated approach to tax reform creates opportunities for achieving the goals and objectives of the country's socio-economic development. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of tax reform, to consider the conformity of the measures taken with the theoretical and methodological foundations, and on this basis to develop recommendations for improving existing tax instruments. The subject of the study is the development of the tax sphere of Uzbekistan in the context of economic liberalization and the strengthening of market mechanisms. Methods of economic research: analysis and systematization of tax factors, system analysis, scientific abstraction, historical and logical method, classification and groupings, etc. The hypothesis of the study is that ongoing tax reforms should take into account the scientific and methodological principles of taxation and prevailing features national economy. Statement of the main material. The main scientific and methodological foundations of taxation and the features of the functioning of the tax sphere in the Republic of Uzbekistan are identified. The originality and practical value of the study lies in the fact that it provides an assessment of tax reforms implemented in Uzbekistan, an examination of their compliance with the scientific and methodological foundations of taxation. The findings of the study are that the reforms in Uzbekistan did not always take into account the scientific basis of taxation and were aimed primarily at liberalizing the country's socio-economic development. Directions for further development of the tax sphere are proposed, in particular, measures to improve the classification of taxes and mandatory payments in order to create favorable conditions for optimizing the tax burden and strengthening their stimulating function, measures to reduce shadow activity in the economy by optimizing taxation

scholarly journals The Czechoslovak Orient: Carpathian Ruthenia as an Imagined Colonial Space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Geoffrey Brown
Keyword(s):  
Left Wing ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Humanitarian Mission ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Bureaucratic Oversight ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

<p>In 1919 the territory of Subcarpathian Ruthenia joined the new state of Czechoslovakia under the terms set by the Treaty of Saint Germain. During the following twenty years a relationship developed between Czechs and Ruthenia’s Rusyn inhabitants which this study considers as an example of imperialism and colonialism. The Czech media applied a colonial framework in its portrayals of Ruthenia, encouraging the Czech public to see the poor and undeveloped territory as a colony ruled from Prague. Rusyns also used colonial terminology as a means of criticizing the Czech officials who ruled them. The colonial discourse occurred despite a shared Slavic ethnic background and even as representatives of both nations expressed brotherhood and solidarity towards one another. Some Czech officials sent to Ruthenia adopted imperialist attitudes and practices in an environment of minimal bureaucratic oversight, leading to friction with the Rusyn intelligentsia. Faced with the threat of Czechization, Rusyns struggled to achieve autonomy and an anti-imperialist movement supporting Rusyn rights developed among Czech Communists. The Prague government sought to defend its actions in Ruthenia against accusations of mistreatment by the Hungarian revisionist movement.  The existing Anglophone and Czech-language historiography on interwar Ruthenia generally portrays Czech rule as kindly and beneficial for the Rusyn population, focusing on Slavic kinship. Aiming to provide a fresh and detailed analysis of the Czechoslovak administration and the cultural forces at work in forming a colonial discourse, this study draws on an extensive range of government documents, newspapers and archival materials collected in Prague and Brno. By applying the theories of Edward Said, Jürgen Osterhammel, Maria Todorova and Kristin Kopp, the relationship is assessed through the terminology of discursive and material colonialism, together with Orientalism, liberal imperialism and internal colonialism. Three different areas of scholarly interest are the focus of this study: symbolic geography and colonial discourses in European contexts, political and social developments in Ruthenia, and treatment of national minorities in interwar Czechoslovakia.  The study includes eight chapters which alternate between viewing the relationship from the Czech perspective and the Rusyn perspective. The opening chapter analyzes the Czech role as Slavic leaders and benefactors in the new republic and how a Czech humanitarian mission became a mission civilisatrice. The second chapter focuses on the shift in thinking among Rusyns from jubilation after joining the republic to growing disillusionment over denial of political autonomy. Chapters three and four describe the formation of a discursive colonial relationship; the third chapter presents how Czechs imagined Rusyns in the mold of colonial stereotypes, while the fourth chapter analyzes how Czechs and Rusyns imagined their relationship through comparisons to other colonial regions such as Africa, the Orient and Siberia. Chapter five focuses on the experiences of Czech officials working in Ruthenia, highlighting the shift in Rusyn perceptions of these administrators from Slavic brothers to imperialists. The role played by Czech official and publisher František Svojše as a symbol of Czech chauvinism receives special attention in the analysis. The sixth chapter covers the Czech anti-colonial movement among Communists and left-wing authors such as Ivan Olbracht who condemned the imperialist character of the Czech administration in Ruthenia. Chapter seven outlines the Rusyn struggle for autonomy and resistance of Czechization until the achievement of an independent parliament in 1938. The final chapter describes the Czech fear of imperial loss, analyzing how Czech media and politicians defended Czechoslovak rule in Ruthenia against international criticism and the Hungarian revisionist movement.</p>

Alcoholism in the Republic of Ireland

1969 ◽  
Vol 115 (526) ◽  
pp. 1021-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dermot Walsh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
United States Army ◽  
New York State ◽  
Rejection Rate ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
The Republic

The impression that alcoholism is common among the Irish is a very old one. It has been given some scientific basis by comparative studies of alcoholism in various ethnic groups in the United States. Thus, Hyde and Chisholm (1944) found that the rejection rate for enlistees in the United States army because of chronic alcoholism was higher in the Irish than in any other national group. Confirmatory evidence came from Malzberg (1940) in a study of first hospitalization rates for various diagnostic categories in New York State, and Roberts and Myers (1954) in a prevalence study in New Haven found that the Irish had a far higher proportion under treatment for alcoholism and drug addiction than other national groups.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF INHIBITION OF ONION SEEDS BY VARIOUS VEGETABLE PARTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Mirzaosimjon Mirzasoyipovich Mirzasoliev ◽  
Shukhrat Ismatovich Asatov
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
The World ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article provides information on the importance of onion and the volume of its production in the leading countries of the world. It also describes the timing of cultivation in dry hot climates of the Republic, how one-third of its leaves and roots are affected by its viability, duration, growth and development stages, productivity and yield quality. At the same time there is a scientific basis for reducing the number of crop failures and increasing the yield by 4.2 t/ha. KEYWORDS: Onions, varieties, seeds, plants, seedlings, planting scheme, harvesting, breeding.

scholarly journals Scientific Basis for the Treatment and Prevention of Large Abdominal Acidosis in Productive Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Bekjon Norbek Ogli Khayitov ◽  
Bakhtiyar Bakirov ◽  
Nuriddin Bollievich Ruzikulov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
The Republic

The article analyzes the results of clinical observations on the distribution and etiology, as well as experimental studies on the development of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures of rumen acidosis in breeding cows in the conditions of farms of the republic.

scholarly journals Two Conflicting Irish Views of the Spanish Civil War

Oceánide ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Lázaro Lafuente
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Irish Catholics ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
The Media ◽  
Republican Government ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Police Commissioner

The Spanish Civil War sparked a heated debate in the recently created Irish Free State, as the Republic of Ireland was then called. A country that had also gone through an eleven-month civil war after the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 was again divided between those who supported the left-wing democratic Spanish Republican government and those who favoured Franco’s “crusade” against atheists and Marxists. In fact, some Irish volunteers joined the International Brigades to confront Fascism together with the Spanish Republican forces, while other more conservative Irish Catholics were mobilised to fight with Franco’s army against those Reds that the media claimed to be responsible for killing priests and burning churches. Both sections were highly influenced by the news, accounts and interpretations of the Spanish war that emerged at that time. Following Lluís Albert Chillón’s approach to the relations between journalism and literature (1999), this article aims to analyse the war reportages of two Irish writers who describe the Spanish Civil War from the two opposite sides: Peadar O’Donnell (1893–1986), a prominent Irish socialist activist and novelist who wrote Salud! An Irishman in Spain (1937), and Eoin O’Duffy (1892–1944), a soldier, anti-communist activist and police commissioner who raised the Irish Brigade to fight with Franco’s army and wrote The Crusade in Spain (1938). Both contributed to the dissemination of information and ideas about the Spanish conflict with their eyewitness accounts, and both raise interesting questions about the relations between fact, fiction and the truth, using similar narrative strategies and rhetorical devices to portray different versions of the same war.

scholarly journals Korea's Choice for Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
D. Lanko ◽  
◽  
I. Lantsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the Republic of Korea’s role in multiple already working and being negotiated free trade agreements from the viewpoints of the influence of Korea’s domestic affairs on the role and of the political and economic change among its partners in the free trade agreements. It finds that Korea’s position on the free trade agreements remained stable despite the shift to the domination of right-wing parties in Korea’s domestic politics in 2008 and back to domination of left-wing parties in 2017. Both left- and right-wing parties in Korea supported the free trade agreements, despite their rationale was different: in 2000s left-wing parties perceived the free trade agreements to curb negative consequences of the 1990s Asia’s financial crisis, while in 2010s right-wing parties perceived them as a response to the failure of multilateral trade negotiations within the World Trade Organization. It also finds that Korea’s partners in the free trade agreements sometimes seek to re-negotiate the already existing free trade agreements in response to domestic political and economic changes in those countries. In most cases, Korea and its partners managed to find common grounds at re-negotiations and thus to conclude renewed bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements. At the same time, Korea, China, and Japan have so far failed to conclude a trilateral free trade agreement, thus leaving the ASEAN in the position of the exemplary group of countries in the core of the network of Asia’s free trade agreements.

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