Marriage and Lineal Authentication

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Samin
Keyword(s):  
Religious Values ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines marriage patterns in Arabian history and how knowledge of these patterns became a key element of Saudi Arabia's modern genealogical culture. It begins with a review of new historical evidence from the central Arabian oasis town of al-Ghāt, which reveals the way marital patterns preserve knowledge about premodern status hierarchies. It then considers Hamad al-Jāsir's use of marital patterns as a tool of lineal authentication, a practice epitomized in his study of a historically maligned Arabian tribe, Bāhila. It also shows how al-Jāsir made use of Arabian marital patterns as a form of ethnographic data that could serve as a basis for rehabilitating the reputation of historically maligned Arabian tribes and advancing a nativist ethical blueprint for modern Saudi society in which tribal and religious values could cohere harmoniously against perceived external threats.

The queer time of death: Temporality, geopolitics, and refugee rights

Sexualities ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 998-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Shakhsari
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Way

Using the ethnographic data from interviews with the Iranian queer and transgender refugee applicants in Turkey, the UNHCR, and NGOs in Istanbul, Ankara, Denizli, Kayseri, and Nevsehir, I explore the way that refugee rights as a temporally and spatially contingent concept normalizes queer and transgender refugee subjects, while managing the lives and deaths of different populations. Through examining the chronopolitics and geopolitics of rights within the refugee discourse, I point to inconsistencies in the universality of human rights and argue that while the designation of an act as “violation of human rights” committed by states or citizens, is arbitrary and contingent on the place and time of the act, the recognition of the refugee in the human rights regimes relies on essentialist and timeless notions of identity that travel in the teleological time of progress. The Iranian queer and trans refugees in Turkey are suspended in an in-between zone of recognition where rightfulness and rightlessness come together in a temporal standstill. The “protection” of trans and queer refugees under the rhetoric of rights in this in-between zone is tied to the management of life and death of populations through the politics of rightful killing.

Anthropology, Class and the ‘Big Heads’: An Ethnography of Distinctions between ‘Rough’ and ‘Posh’ amongst Women Workers in the UK Pottery Industry

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hart
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Pottery Industry ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Global Corporation ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The Way

In the context of the take-over by a global corporation (Royal Doulton) of a family-owned and run pottery factory in Longton Stoke-on-Trent, known as ‘Beswick’, and the subsequent re-structuring of production, this paper explores the way in which women pottery workers make social distinctions between the ‘rough’ and ‘posh’, ‘proper paintresses’ and ‘big heads’ which cut into and across abstract sociological notions of class. Drawing on ethnographic data I show that for these working class women, class as lived is inherently ambiguous and contradictory and reveal the ways in which class is gendered. I build on historical and sociological studies of the pottery industry, and anthropological and related debates on class, as well as Frankenberg's study of a Welsh village, to develop my argument and draw analogies between factory and village at a number of levels. My findings support the view that class is best understood not as an abstract generalising category, but in the local and specific contexts of women's working lives. I was the first one in our family to go in decorating end and they thought I was a bit stuck-up. My sister was in clay end as a cup-handler and I had used to walk off factory without her, or wait for her to leave before I left, though she said, ‘If it wasn't for me you wouldn't have anything to paint!’ They were much freer in the clay end – had more to do with men – we thought we were one up. 1

The Archaeology of Ancestors: The Saxe/Goldstein Hypothesis Revisited

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Morris
Keyword(s):  
Historical Comparison ◽  
Specific Instance ◽  
Archaeological Interpretation ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The Dead ◽  
New Archaeology ◽  
The Way

Since the mid-1980s, debates between competing schools of archaeological interpretation have become more theoretical and abstruse, moving away from confrontations over specific methods of analyzing our data. This article reopens arguments over one of the more controversial propositions of the New Archaeology - Saxe's claim that the emergence of formal cemeteries corresponds to the appearance of agnatic lineages monopolizing vital resources through inheritance. The hypothesis is examined in three ways: through a generalized ethnological model; through specific ethnographic data from Taiwan and Kenya; and through a historical comparison of Athens from 500 to 100 BC and Rome from 200 BC to AD 200. It is argued that all three methods lead to a similar conclusion, that many societies do indeed talk about the dead in the way the Saxe/Goldstein hypothesis maintains, but that in any specific instance the cemetery/property message may well be subverted by other arguments which the buriers are making.

The Political Effects of Religious Cues

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Westfall ◽  
Özge Çelik Russell
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
The Political ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Political Candidate ◽  
The Way

Religion is a central and comprehensive identity for billions of people all over the world. Politicians and other political actors recognize the vitality of religion and use it for political purposes, deliberately signaling religion, religiosity, or religious values and connecting them to political outcomes or behaviors in an effort to influence the political preferences of religious practitioners. The most efficient way to make the connection between religion and politics is through religious cues. Religious cues create information shortcuts linking religious identity or values with a political candidate or issue. Religious cues are used by political and religious actors in secular and religious contexts and are typically one of two general types: identity cues, which engage an individual’s religious identity and activate an in-group/out-group effect, and linkage cues, which link religious values or beliefs with an issue or candidate. Identity cues are particularly tricky to use in secular contexts because they have been shown to have strong alienating effects on nonreligious people, thereby defeating the intended purpose of the cue sender. For this reason, coded religious language called “implicit cues” is used with greater frequency in political discourse where only the religious cue receiver recognizes the religious cue for what it is. This strategy allows a political candidate to reap the benefits of the cue without risking alienation. While scholars have made substantial progress in using experimental methods to disentangle the ways religious cues influence political behavior, there is ample opportunity for more research exploring different types of religious cues and the way they interact with other forms of cues and identities. Furthermore, most of the research on religious cues has focused on Christian cues in the United States, and a more diverse range of religions and contexts should be explored to understand the way religious cues influence political behavior. Researchers should also expand the definition of “religious practitioners” to explore how religious cues influence the growing number of people who do not affiliate with a religion or engage in practices traditionally associated with religiosity but do identify as religious. This would help to expand conceptualization of political behavior to more accurately reflect lived political experiences. Embracing these opportunities will allow the scholarly community to gain a better understanding of the varied political dynamics of religious cueing, which offers insights into how fundamental identities and attitudes are linked, thereby shedding more light on the complex dynamics of political behavior.

scholarly journals L’ontologie amazonienne: animisme ou non-essentialisme?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
New Model ◽  
Revue De La Littérature ◽  
Psychological Essentialism ◽  
Present Experimental Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Cette Question ◽  
The Way

Titre : « L’ontologie amazonienne : animisme ou non-essentialisme ? »Résumé : Comment les populations indigènes d’Amazonie se représentent-elles les êtres du monde ? En d’autres termes, quelle est leur ontologie ? La plus récente réponse à cette question passe par la réhabilitation d’un concept ancien : l’animisme. Ce modèle de la pensée amazonienne s’est imposé dans les deux dernières décennies, et il occupe aujourd’hui une position hégémonique. Je soutiens ici que le modèle animiste de la pensée amazonienne pose de nombreux problèmes : il rend mal compte des données ethnographiques et échoue à identifier le propre de la pensée amazonienne. Si l’ontologie amazonienne n’est pas animiste, qu’est-elle alors ? Je propose un nouveau modèle selon lequel l’ontologie amazonienne est fondamentalement non essentialiste. Deux types de preuves viennent corroborer cette proposition : je propose d’abord une brève revue de la littérature ethnographique amazoniste, puis présente des données expérimentales que j’ai récemment collectées chez les Huni Kuin du Haut-Purus (Amazonie péruvienne). Je conclus en posant quelques-uns des jalons d’une vaste entreprise de comparaison des ontologies à travers le monde.Mots-clés : Amazonie, animisme, essentialisme psychologique, ethnobiologie, ethnosociologie, Huni Kuin, ontologie, perspectivisme.Title: « Amazonian ontology: animism or non-essentialism? »Abstract: How do indigenous Amazonian people conceive of the beings of the world? In other words, what is their ontology? The most recent response to this question consists in revamping an old concept: animism. Within the last two decades, this model of Amazonian thought has become increasingly influential. I contend that the animistic model of Amazonian thought is problematic in many respects: it does not do justice to ethnographic data and fails to pinpoint the uniqueness of Amazonian thought. If the Amazonian ontology cannot be characterized as animistic, what is it then? I put forth a new model according to which the Amazonian ontology is fundamentally non essentialist. Two strands of evidence corroborate this claim: first, I briefly review some of the Amazonianist ethnographic literature, and next present experimental data I recently collected among the Huni Kuin of the Upper Purus River (Peruvian Amazon). In conclusion, I pave the way for a broader endeavor of comparison of ontologies across the world.Keywords: Amazonia, animism, folkbiology, folksociology, Huni Kuin, ontology, perspectivism, psychological essentialism.

scholarly journals O pravnom poretku Petra I Petrovića Njegoša

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2/2020) ◽  
pp. 62-91
Author(s):  
Matija Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
Original Interpretation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Way

A lot has been written about the legal order of Petar I Petrović Njegoš; this question has puzzled legal historians and theoreticians ever since the 19th century, the main question being, whether such an order ever came to be. The problem is not whether any legal norms at the time had been proclaimed, but rather whether these norms, once they were proclaimed, had ever been systematically implemented in a manner that would enable us to state that they formed a legal order. Therefore, this question includes two components – one regarding historical evidence, the other regarding the way this evidence can be valued within legal theory. This work will provide a critical examination of the historical timeline concerning this problem, and the way it has been treated in literature so far – providing the reader with an original interpretation of both.

scholarly journals RITUAL KHANDURI BLANG: AGAMA DAN ADAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Mugni
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Way

This article aims to see the phenomenon that occurs in rural communities amid the onslaught of electronic media in changing the way of thinking from traditional to rational, but people are not affected by a variety of media attacks, instead khanduri blang ritual activities themselves are exposed on social media such as Facebook. Sosiety communities perform rituals from generation to generation whose beliefs are based on the creator through symbolic activities whose meaning is understood and stored in deep chambers of thought, inherent as long as the union of spirits with bodies. Actualization of religious values is born through rituals.Keywords: Ritual, Religion, Culture

scholarly journals Trust and The Acquisition and Use of Public Health Information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Holland ◽  
Jamie Cawthra ◽  
Tamara Schloemer ◽  
Peter Schröder-Bäck
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
The Way

AbstractInformation is clearly vital to public health, but the acquisition and use of public health data elicit serious privacy concerns. One strategy for navigating this dilemma is to build 'trust' in institutions responsible for health information, thereby reducing privacy concerns and increasing willingness to contribute personal data. This strategy, as currently presented in public health literature, has serious shortcomings. But it can be augmented by appealing to the philosophical analysis of the concept of trust. Philosophers distinguish trust and trustworthiness from cognate attitudes, such as confident reliance. Central to this is value congruence: trust is grounded in the perception of shared values. So, the way to build trust in institutions responsible for health data is for those institutions to develop and display values shared by the public. We defend this approach from objections, such as that trust is an interpersonal attitude inappropriate to the way people relate to organisations. The paper then moves on to the practical application of our strategy. Trust and trustworthiness can reduce privacy concerns and increase willingness to share health data, notably, in the context of internal and external threats to data privacy. We end by appealing for the sort of empirical work our proposal requires.

Lòk: Pandemics and (Im)mobility in Northern Haiti

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Bulamah
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Virtual Communication ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
General Feeling ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Radical Uncertainty ◽  
The Way

Rumors of a new respiratory disease began to reach northern Haiti through reports from relatives from the diaspora; the subject soon took over radio stations, virtual communication apps, and everyday conversations in rural neighborhoods and popular markets. The need for social distancing, however, was met with skepticism—not out of disbelief in its effectiveness, but out of resignation to a situation that did not seem new. In this article, I look at the history of past epidemics in Haiti and how these experiences shaped the way people reacted to the arrival of COVID-19 in the country. Through ethnographic data and recent conversations with Haitian friends, I argue that the general feeling of immobility caused by the pandemic intensified a political and existential situation defined as lòk. Nevertheless, it was through a popular epidemiology centered around the household (lakou) that people were able to cope with this new virus. While discussing creative forms of dealing with this sense of stagnation, I try to show that mobility is a form of vitality, creating and structuring life even in situations of radical uncertainty.

scholarly journals Defining Land Use in a Context of Proximity: Politics of Community Recognition and Identity Dynamics in Washaw Sibi

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Drainage Area ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
The Way

In the mid-2000s, in the Upper Harricana River drainage area, the Abitibiwinni and Washaw Sibi groups may be said to have “overlapping claims.” This article presents a historical overview of the area, emphasising interactions between groups and the way group identities were arbitrarily assigned by colonisers and gradually associated with residence. Ethnographic data underlines how family hunting territories played a pivotal social role for the subsistence of marginalised families. The idea that the claims of these groups “overlap” emerged recently, despite documented historical forms of coexistence, kinship ties and hunting partnerships between the Abitibiwinnik and Cree.

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