Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bhabha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Intercountry Adoption ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Family Reunion ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Economic Migration ◽  
Child Migration

This book examines the complexity of child migration, focusing on three nonmutually exclusive migration groups that pose dilemmas for child migrants, their families, and their advocates, as well as for policy and decision makers: family-related migration (comprising family reunion, family-related deportation, and intercountry adoption); exploitation-related migration (including child trafficking and recruitment related to armed conflict); and survival-related migration (covering refugee- and asylum-driven migration, and economic migration). Piecing together the diverse strands of policy development, law enactment, and institutional implementation, the book shows from the lens of child migration how human rights principles can move from theory to practice. It explores child migration for family reunion and considers a significant aspect of child migration—that primarily driven by the search for survival, opportunity, and a viable life. The book argues that child migrants need to be viewed as agents whose aspirations are relevant to institutional decision making.

Implications of irregular transnational adoptions within international standards: A review of intercountry adoption systems and Guatemalan birthmother perspectives

Childhood ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 090756822110619
Author(s):  
Carmen Monico
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Child Welfare System ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Intercountry Adoption ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Child Abduction

With growing global emergencies, child abduction became a concern in countries of origin and reception of transnationally adopted children. Improved regulations and standards to prevent child trafficking exhibit failures to ensure the best interest of children and the principle of subsidiarity. The article reviews relevant literature documents the Guatemalan birthmothers’ experiences and documented child theft, deception by trafficking networks, fraudulent adoptions, and familial coercion. Human rights and child welfare system implications drawn may be relevant to irregular transnational adoptions elsewhere.

scholarly journals BUILDING ON EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC EXCELLENCE TO DEVELOP AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON INTERMODAL CONNECTIONS FOR LATVIA AND THE REGION

Transport ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambros Mitropoulos ◽  
Giannis Adamos ◽  
Eftihia Nathanail ◽  
Irina Yatskiv (Jackiva) ◽  
Igor Kabashkin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Scientific Excellence ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
And Training

Economic and social factors, including existing trends in urban population and employment growth combined with urbanization, have led to enhanced consumption and thus, increasing freight flows in the cities. Mitigation of transport impacts has led to plans towards a more sustainable urban environment. However, managerial and regulatory barriers restrict the incorporation of technological instruments and solutions to the sustainable dimension of decision-making and planning. This paper has sought to bridge this gap by organizing an educational and training program, which involves the participation of todays and tomorrow’s researchers, decision-makers and practitioners. Towards this direction, a methodology is developed that identifies existing gaps between the transport industry and the existing research, education and training programs and converts identified requirements and gaps into training courses. The paper addresses the context of intermodal interconnections for the case of Latvia and the region for stimulating and strengthening its scientific and technological capacity by providing knowledge in the field of smart interconnecting sustainable transport networks. The 2-level gap analysis that was developed and implemented with respect to the thematic areas of (1) ‘Governance and policy development’, (2) ‘Smart solutions’, and (3) ‘Decision-making’, and the validation process that followed, has revealed several requirements that exist currently for passenger and freight interchanges and educational programs for Latvia and the region. Based on the identified educational requirements for Latvia and the region, 20 educational areas were created that resulted in 12 courses for passenger and freight transport interchanges that are going to be used for training and education in Latvia.

Child Migration and Human Rights in a Global Age

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Bhabha
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
International Ethics ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Global Age ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Child Migration ◽  
Do So

Why, despite massive public concern, is child trafficking on the rise? Why are unaccompanied migrant children living on the streets and routinely threatened with deportation to their countries of origin? Why do so many young refugees of war-ravaged and failed states end up warehoused in camps, victimized by the sex trade, or enlisted as child soldiers? This book provides the first comprehensive account of the widespread but neglected global phenomenon of child migration, exploring the complex challenges facing children and adolescents who move to join their families, those who are moved to be exploited, and those who move simply to survive. It looks at the often-insurmountable obstacles we place in the paths of adolescents fleeing war, exploitation, or destitution; the contradictory elements in our approach to international adoption; and the limited support we give to young people brutalized as child soldiers. The book challenges the prevailing wisdom that widespread protection failures are caused by our lack of awareness of the problems these children face, arguing instead that our societies have a deep-seated ambivalence to migrant children—one we need to address head-on. The book offers a road map for doing just that, and makes a compelling and courageous case for an international ethics of children's human rights.

The development of the Australian environmental offsets policy: from theory to practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE L. MILLER ◽  
JAMES A. TREZISE ◽  
STEFAN KRAUS ◽  
KIMBERLEY DRIPPS ◽  
MEGAN C. EVANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Theory To Practice ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Policy Development Process ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Ecological Equivalence ◽  
Support Decision Making

SUMMARYEnvironmental offsetting involves compensating for the residual adverse impacts of an action on the environment by generating an equivalent benefit elsewhere. As the prevalence of environmental offsetting grows, so does the challenge of translating no-net-loss goals to workable policy. From 2011–2012, the Australian Government developed an Environmental Offsets Policy and an accompanying metric (the Offsets Assessment Guide) to support decision making about offset requirements under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Through extensive stakeholder consultation and in collaboration with academic researchers, the Guide was developed with the aim of accounting appropriately for ecological equivalence in a transparent and flexible manner. This paper outlines the Australian Government's environmental offset policy development process, and describes the approach adopted for evaluating the suitability of proposed offsets in meeting the policy goals. The Guide explicitly estimates the extent to which an offset will improve the target biota and/or avert future losses, the degree of confidence that the offset will be implemented successfully, and the time it will take to deliver a conservation benefit. Since implementation of the Environmental Offsets Policy and the Guide, there has been a shift in focus from estimating offset requirements based on simplistic area ratios, toward directly evaluating the components of an offset action that determine its environmental performance. Achieving a balance between scientific robustness and policy workability is an ongoing challenge. The Environmental Offsets Policy and Guide represent an important step towards consistency and transparency in environmental offset decision-making.

scholarly journals Women Quota in Lebanon: A False Promise?

1970 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Marguerite El-Helou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Local Levels

Demands for the adoption of women quota in public office, whether these positions are by election or appointment, were late in materializing and reaching the agenda of policy-makers in Lebanon. Persistent efforts by some civil society organizations since the 1990s and the appointment of a human rights activist as a Minister of Interior in 2008 led to the submission of two official proposals to this end as part of a general electoral reform. Nothing has materialized so far. The first proposal, calling for a women quota on parliamentary electoral lists, was aborted by Parliament in 2008. The second, calling for the allocation of seats for women on the municipal councils was approved by the Council of Ministers on January 29, 2010 but still awaits adoption by Parliament.1 In light of the prevalent frustration with the decision-makers’ failure to seriously act on this issue, the following sections of this paper aim at providing an assessment of the contributions that the two suggested quota proposals may have made to the enhancement of women representation in public office at the national and local levels respectively, as well as highlighting the factors influencing the decision-making process on this issue.

scholarly journals The role of community participation in primary health care: practices of South African health committees

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Jensen Haricharan ◽  
Maria Stuttaford ◽  
Leslie London
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Health Committee

Abstract Background: Community participation is an essential component in a primary health care (PHC) and a human rights approach to health. In South Africa, community participation in PHC is organised through health committees linked to all clinics. Aims: This paper analyses health committees’ roles, their degree of influence in decision-making and factors impacting their participation. Methods: Data were collected through a mixed-methods study consisting of a cross-sectional survey, focus groups, interviews and observations. The findings from the survey were analysed using simple descriptive statistics. The qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Data on health committees’ roles were analysed according to a conceptual framework adapted from the Arnstein ladder of participation to measure the degree of participation. Findings: The study found that 55 per cent of clinics in Cape Town were linked to a health committee. The existing health committees faced sustainability and functionality challenges and primarily practised a form of limited participation. Their decision-making influence was curtailed, and they mainly functioned as a voluntary workforce assisting clinics with health promotion talks and day-to-day operational tasks. Several factors impacted health committee participation, including lack of clarity on health committees’ roles, health committee members’ skills, attitudes of facility managers and ward councillors, limited resources and support and lack of recognition. Conclusions: To create meaningful participation, health committee roles should be defined in accordance with a PHC and human rights framework. Their primary role should be to function as health governance structures at facility level, but they should also have access to influence policy development. Consideration should be given to their potential involvement in addressing social determinants of health. Effective participation requires an enabling environment, including support, financial resources and training.

Decision making based on intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations with additive approximate consistency

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 4041-4058
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xu Tan ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Real Interval ◽  
Preference Relations ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Fuzzy Preference Relations ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Fuzzy Weights ◽  
Fuzzy Preference

Intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs) have the natural ability to reflect the positive, the negative and the non-determinative judgements of decision makers. A decision making model is proposed by considering the inherent property of IFPRs in this study, where the main novelty comes with the introduction of the concept of additive approximate consistency. First, the consistency definitions of IFPRs are reviewed and the underlying ideas are analyzed. Second, by considering the allocation of the non-determinacy degree of decision makers’ opinions, the novel concept of approximate consistency for IFPRs is proposed. Then the additive approximate consistency of IFPRs is defined and the properties are studied. Third, the priorities of alternatives are derived from IFPRs with additive approximate consistency by considering the effects of the permutations of alternatives and the allocation of the non-determinacy degree. The rankings of alternatives based on real, interval and intuitionistic fuzzy weights are investigated, respectively. Finally, some comparisons are reported by carrying out numerical examples to show the novelty and advantage of the proposed model. It is found that the proposed model can offer various decision schemes due to the allocation of the non-determinacy degree of IFPRs.

strategi dalam pengambilan keputusan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suci Handayani Handayani ◽  
Hade Afriansyah
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Information Time ◽  
Complex Matter ◽  
General Individuals

Decision making is one element of economic value, especially in the era of globalization, and if it is not acceptable in the decision making process, we will be left behind. According to Robins, (2003: 173), Salusu, (2000: 47), and Razik and Swanson, (1995: 476) say that decision making can be interpreted as a process of choosing a number of alternatives, how to act in accordance with concepts, or rules in solving problems to achieve individual or group goals that have been formulated using a number of specific techniques, approaches and methods and achieve optimal levels of acceptance.Decision making in organizations whether a decision is made for a person or group, the nature of the decision is often determined by rules, policies, prescribed, instructions that have been derived or practices that apply. To understand decision making within the organization it is useful to view decision making as part of the overall administrative process. In general, individuals tend to use simple strategies, even if in any complex matter, to get the desired solution, because the solution is limited by imperfect information, time and costs, limited thinking and psychological stress experienced by decision makers.

A Soft Hierarchical Process Approach for Decision Making in A Supply Chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Dhingra ◽  
Preetvanti Singh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison ◽  
Supplier Selection Problem ◽  
Selection Of

Decision problems are usually complex and involve evaluation of several conflicting criteria (parameters). Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is a promising field that considers the parallel influence of all criteria and aims at helping decision makers in expressing their preferences, over a set of predefined alternatives, on the basis of criteria (parameters) that are contradictory in nature. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a useful and widespread MCDM tool for solving such type of problems, as it allows the incorporation of conflicting objectives and decision makers preferences in the decision making. The AHP utilizes the concept of pair wise comparison to find the order of criteria (parameters) and alternatives. The comparison in a pairwise manner becomes quite tedious and complex for problems having eight alternatives or more, thereby, limiting the application of AHP. This paper presents a soft hierarchical process approach based on soft set decision making which eliminates the least promising candidate alternatives and selects the optimum(potential) ones that results in the significant reduction in the number of pairwise comparisons necessary for the selection of the best alternative using AHP, giving the approach a more realistic view. A supplier selection problem is used to illustrate the proposed approach.

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