scholarly journals Prostate cancer: morbidity and mortality trends in Kemerovo Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
A. V. Smirnov, ◽  
Yu. A. Magarill ◽  
T. A. Shternis
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Incidence Increase

Aim. To study current trends in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Kemerovo Region.Materials and Methods. We conducted a descriptive retrospective study by investigating cancer registry of Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary collected in 2010-2018.Results. During the study period, 4965 cases of prostate cancer have been documented. The average standardised incidence rate was 50,080/0000 (95% CI = 46.01; 54.43). We detected a trend towards an increase in standardized incidence from 32.410/0000 in 2010 (95% CI = 28.76; 36.05) to 73.000/0000 in 2018 (95% CI = 67.86 – 78.15) with the average annual increment of 10.22% (р < 0.0001). A significant proportion of cases (48.17% in 2018) occurred in elderly (≥ 70 years). Standardized mortality rates increased from 9.240/0000 in 2010 (95% CI = 7.29; 11.19) to 28,830/0000 in 2018 (95% CI = 25.51; 32.15), average annual increment 13.99% (р = 0.002). Component analysis showed that an incidence increase by 155.81% is primarily associated with existing risk factors (128.19%) rather than with population aging (16.71%) or their combined effect (10.91%).Conclusion. Currently, there is a clear trend to increasing incidence and mortality from prostate cancer in Kemerovo Region, mainly due to existing risk factors.

Epidemiology of prostate cancer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Key ◽  
Alison J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy and the sixth most common cause of cancer death for men worldwide. The highest incidence and mortality rates are in populations that originated in Africa, such as African Americans. Rates are also high in Western countries and generally low in East and South Asia. Incidence rates are increasing in some countries which until recently had low rates, but are not changing much in countries which already have high rates. The only well-established risk factors are increasing age, African ancestry, family history of the disease, and certain genetic factors, none of which is modifiable. Many potential risk factors have been investigated in epidemiological studies and randomized trials. Observational studies have shown that prostate cancer risk is positively associated with the plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I, but is not strongly associated with testosterone or other sex hormones. Studies of nutritional factors suggest that risk may be higher in men with a high intake of animal foods and dairy products, but this relationship is not clear enough to be considered as established. Some studies of other nutritional factors such as fat, lycopene and other carotenoids, vitamin D, vitamin E and selenium have suggested possible associations, but overall do not show any clear relationships. Research on other possible risk factors has shown a small positive association of risk with height, but little association with obesity, smoking or alcohol intake, and evidence on sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infections is inconclusive. Further research is needed, particularly to determine whether potential risk factors may be related more to aggressive than to indolent prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of prostate and kidney cancer in the Aboriginal population of Canada: A systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Chu Lee Wong ◽  
Anil Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Aboriginal Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Reported Data

Introduction: Prostate and kidney cancer rates in the Aboriginal population of Canada is a growing issue.Methods: A systematic review of prostate and kidney cancer epidemiology in the Aboriginal population of Canada was performed with international comparison and evaluation of present epidemiological disparities. PubMed, Medline, and Embase (from January 1946 to June 2016), relevant government-published reports, and the websites of organizations contributing to prostate or kidney cancer guidelines were searched. We included studies that informed any of the three epidemiological questions this review is focused on answering. Results: Two systematic reviews, two meta-analyses, five literature reviews, and 21 single-study papers were included. The incidence and mortality rates of kidney cancer were elevated among Canadian Aboriginals when compared to the provincial or national population and to several international regions. No studies reported data on survival. Prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates were lower in Aboriginals provincially, nationally, and internationally, with incidence and survival reaching statistical significance. Elevated rate of risk factors for kidney cancer was a significant finding among Canadian Aboriginals. Aboriginals were screened for prostate cancer less than the general Canadian population, a trend also observed in the U.S.Conclusions: The elevated incidence and mortality of kidney cancer among Canadian Aboriginals is most likely attributable to the rise in lifestyle-based risk factors. Two correlations concerning prostate cancer are made. However, due to temporal and regional disparities in data, further investigation is required to elucidate these observations.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Prostate Cancer and Its Associated Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Sphincter Muscle ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Human Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Major Factors

This effort was under taken during the tenure of a postgraduate study by Firew Admasu at Jimma University, Jimma Referral Hospital on the case of prostate cancer while discussing with medical doctors about symptom stages, risk factors, diagnosis, complications and its treatments during visiting a surgery patient and organizing while giving the course of human anatomy and physiology at Dilla University. Background: Based on human anatomy and physiology, prostate is a small gland, found only in men, located between penis and bladder, surrounds the urethra and used to produce a thick white fluid that creates semen when mixed with sperm produced by testicles and prostate cancer occurs if abnormal cells develop in the prostate gland to multiply in an uncontrolled mode. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, develops slowly, there may no signs and symptoms appear until prostate become large enough to affect urinary tube and it is a common condition worldwide that have varying incidence and mortality, and it is the third most common cancer in men of developed countries. Objectives: The main objective is to assess epidemiology of prostate cancer and its associated risk, specifically, to identify the major factors that increased chance of developing prostate cancer, to point out the main later stages symptoms, complications, prevention or reduce the risk, detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer. Methods: The assessment of the epidemiological investigations of surveillance and descriptive studies on the distribution and determination of the characteristics of prostate cancer includes major factors, symptoms, complications, preventions, detection and diagnosis methods. Results: The major factors strongly associated to increased chance of developing prostate cancer includes increasing age, positive family history (genetics), nutrition (obesity) and lifestyle. The later stages symptoms and complications include sudden need to urinate but difficulty with discomfort to urinate, bloody urine or semen, and dysfunction of erectile muscle. The risk of prostate cancer can be prevented or reduced by feeding a healthy diet, nutrition, doing physical exercise, and keeping our weight a healthy and it can be detected and diagnosed by a blood test and/or physical examination test and biopsy. In addition, different types of treatment choices at the early-stage of prostate cancer are advisable such as active surveillance, surgery, and radiation therapy are the standard therapy and difficulty to control urine may be happen after surgery due to splitting of sphincter muscle and erectile dysfunction. Therefore, this study and intervention efforts in the region should be focused on understanding its prevention methods, later stages symptoms, differences in treatment, stage at diagnosis, and early detection by socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Current and Future Burden of Prostate Cancer in Songkhla, Thailand: Analysis of Incidence and Mortality Trends From 1990 to 2030

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian S. Alvarez ◽  
Shama Virani ◽  
Rafael Meza ◽  
Laura S. Rozek ◽  
Hutcha Sriplung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Using Data

Purpose Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide, and it poses a significant public health burden that has traditionally been limited mostly to developed countries. However, the burden of the disease is expected to increase, affecting developing countries, including Thailand. We undertook an analysis to investigate current and future trends of prostate cancer in the province of Songkhla, Thailand, using data from the Songkhla Cancer Registry from 1990 to 2013. Methods Joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine trends in age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer and provide estimated annual percent change (EAPC) with 95% CIs. Age-period-cohort (APC) models were used to assess the effect of age, calendar year, and birth cohort on incidence and mortality rates. Three different methods (Joinpoint, Nordpred, and APC) were used to project trends from 2013 to 2030. Results Eight hundred fifty-five cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed from 1990 to 2013 in Songkhla, Thailand. The incidence rates of prostate cancer significantly increased since 1990 at an EAPC of 4.8% (95% CI, 3.6% to 5.9%). Similarly, mortality rates increased at an EAPC of 5.3% (95% CI, 3.4% to 7.2%). The APC models suggest that birth cohort is the most important factor driving the increased incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer. Future incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are projected to continue to increase, doubling the rates observed in 2013 by 2030. Conclusion It is critical to allocate resources to provide care for the men who will be affected by this increase in prostate cancer incidence in Songkhla, Thailand, and to design context-appropriate interventions to prevent its increasing burden.

Prostate cancer incidence and mortality trends in the Baltic States and Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. e2447
Author(s):  
A. Patasius ◽  
K. Innos ◽  
M. Leja ◽  
J. Misins ◽  
A. Yaumenenka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Baltic

Predicting late fecal incontinence risk after RT for prostate cancer: External independent validation.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cicchetti ◽  
Barbara Avuzzi ◽  
Federica Palorini ◽  
Tiziana Rancati ◽  
Claudio Stucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Calibration Plot ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

116 Background: To validating a predictive model for late fecal incontinence (FI) on a recent population (pop) of prostate cancer patients (pts) treated with radical radiotherapy. NTCP model was derived from literature. Methods: Pop included 267 pts treated with IMRT in 2010-2014. Prescribed dose was between 68 and 80 Gy with conventional and hypo-fractionated (HF, from 2.2 to 2.8 Gy) treatment. Rectal toxicity was scored using the LENT/SOMA. Follow-up (FU) was considered up to 2 years. We chose to validate a model for prediction of chronic FI through multiple measures during FU. Mean FI was defined as the average score during the FU period after RT (Mean incontinence > 1). Literature based multivariate model included: mean rectal dose (Dmean), previous diseases of colon (COLO) and previous abdominal surgery (SURG). Dose distributions were corrected EQD in 2 Gy fractions. Results: 186 pts were available. Mean grade > 1 FI was scored in 18 patients (〜10%). Univariate logistic analysis confirmed the risk factors reported in literature. Similar Odds Ratios (OR) were found for Dmean (1.04vs1.05) and SURG (1.90vs1.50). COLO was not a risk factor for this pop. As consequence, NTCP models including Dmean and Dmean+SURG were evaluated through calibration plot. The models showed a clear trend (increasing observed toxicity rates with predicted risk), but the observed toxicity rates were underestimated (slope〜3, R2〜0.7). Including HF (OR = 2.20, 8.6% vs 17.6%) as a variable into the previous model the calibrations improved significantly (slope〜1, R2〜0.9). Conclusions: The study confirms formerly published results on effect of abdominal surgery and dose to large rectal volumes as potential risk factors for late FI. The overfitting in calibrations could be due to an effect of HF, not included in previous models developed on normofractionated treatments. This effect goes beyond the applied standard correction using LQ model for late effects and also beyond the time recovery correction (slope〜2, R^2〜0.8). Probably we should found a more suitable alpha/beta value for the longitudinal definition (toxicity starting in acute phase and persisting during follow-up) instead of using the assumption settled on incidence of late peak events.

Abstract 5210: Incidence and mortality trends of prostate cancer in southern Thailand

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Alvarez ◽  
Shama Virani ◽  
Rafael Meza ◽  
Laura Rozek ◽  
Hutcha Sriplung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Southern Thailand

scholarly journals Cancer in Africa: The Untold Story

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosr Hamdi ◽  
Ines Abdeljaoued-Tej ◽  
Afzal Ali Zatchi ◽  
Sonia Abdelhak ◽  
Samir Boubaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Liver Cancers

BackgroundDespite rising incidence and mortality rates in Africa, cancer has been given low priority in the research field and in healthcare services. Indeed, 57% of all new cancer cases around the world occur in low income countries exacerbated by lack of awareness, lack of preventive strategies, and increased life expectancies. Despite recent efforts devoted to cancer epidemiology, statistics on cancer rates in Africa are often dispersed across different registries. In this study our goal included identifying the most promising prevention and treatment approaches available in Africa. To do this, we collated and analyzed the incidence and fatality rates for the 10 most common and fatal cancers in 56 African countries grouped into 5 different regions (North, West, East, Central and South) over 16-years (2002–2018). We examined temporal and regional trends by investigating the most important risk factors associated to each cancer type. Data were analyzed by cancer type, African region, gender, measures of socioeconomic status and the availability of medical devices.ResultsWe observed that Northern and Southern Africa were most similar in their cancer incidences and fatality rates compared to other African regions. The most prevalent cancers are breast, bladder and liver cancers in Northern Africa; prostate, lung and colorectal cancers in Southern Africa; and esophageal and cervical cancer in East Africa. In Southern Africa, fatality rates from prostate cancer and cervical cancer have increased. In addition, these three cancers are less fatal in Northern and Southern Africa compared to other regions, which correlates with the Human Development Index and the availability of medical devices. With the exception of thyroid cancer, all other cancers have higher incidences in males than females.ConclusionOur results show that the African continent suffers from a shortage of medical equipment, research resources and epidemiological expertise. While recognizing that risk factors are interconnected, we focused on risk factors more or less specific to each cancer type. This helps identify specific preventive and therapeutic options in Africa. We see a need for implementing more accurate preventive strategies to tackle this disease as many cases are likely preventable. Opportunities exist for vaccination programs for cervical and liver cancer, genetic testing and use of new targeted therapies for breast and prostate cancer, and positive changes in lifestyle for lung, colorectal and bladder cancers. Such recommendations should be tailored for the different African regions depending on their disease profiles and specific needs.

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