Epidemiology of prostate and kidney cancer in the Aboriginal population of Canada: A systematic review

Introduction: Prostate and kidney cancer rates in the Aboriginal population of Canada is a growing issue.Methods: A systematic review of prostate and kidney cancer epidemiology in the Aboriginal population of Canada was performed with international comparison and evaluation of present epidemiological disparities. PubMed, Medline, and Embase (from January 1946 to June 2016), relevant government-published reports, and the websites of organizations contributing to prostate or kidney cancer guidelines were searched. We included studies that informed any of the three epidemiological questions this review is focused on answering. Results: Two systematic reviews, two meta-analyses, five literature reviews, and 21 single-study papers were included. The incidence and mortality rates of kidney cancer were elevated among Canadian Aboriginals when compared to the provincial or national population and to several international regions. No studies reported data on survival. Prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and survival rates were lower in Aboriginals provincially, nationally, and internationally, with incidence and survival reaching statistical significance. Elevated rate of risk factors for kidney cancer was a significant finding among Canadian Aboriginals. Aboriginals were screened for prostate cancer less than the general Canadian population, a trend also observed in the U.S.Conclusions: The elevated incidence and mortality of kidney cancer among Canadian Aboriginals is most likely attributable to the rise in lifestyle-based risk factors. Two correlations concerning prostate cancer are made. However, due to temporal and regional disparities in data, further investigation is required to elucidate these observations.

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MO27-2 Risk factors for metastasis in prostate cancer patients: A systematic review

Annals of Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. S315

Author(s):

Billy Susanto ◽

Griffin Geraldo ◽

Jennifer Jesse Limanto ◽

Andree Kurniawan

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cancer Patients

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Prostate cancer incidence and mortality in rural men - a systematic review of the literature

Rural and Remote Health ◽

10.22605/rrh2039 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Zuzana Obertova ◽

Charis Brown ◽

Michael Holmes ◽

Ross Lawrenson

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽

Incidence And Mortality

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Prostate cancer risk calculators for healthy population: A systematic review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.30430 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Bandala-Jacques ◽

Kevin Daniel Castellanos Esquivel ◽

Fernanda Pérez-Hurtado ◽

Cristobal Hernández-Silva ◽

Nancy Reynoso-Noverón

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND Screening for prostate cancer has long been a debated, complex topic. The use of risk calculators for prostate cancer is recommended for determining patients’ individual risk of cancer and the subsequent need for a prostate biopsy. These tools could lead to a better discrimination of patients in need of invasive diagnostic procedures and for optimized allocation of healthcare resources OBJECTIVE To systematically review available literature on current prostate cancer risk calculators’ performance in healthy population, by comparing the impact factor of individual items on different cohorts, and the models’ overall performance. METHODS We performed a systematic review of available prostate cancer risk calculators targeted at healthy population. We included studies published from January 2000 to March 2021 in English, Spanish, French, Portuguese or German. Two reviewers independently decided for or against inclusion based on abstracts. A third reviewer intervened in case of disagreements. From the selected titles, we extracted information regarding the purpose of the manuscript, the analyzed calculators, the population for which it was calibrated, the included risk factors, and the model’s overall accuracy. RESULTS We included a total of 18 calculators across 53 different manuscripts. The most commonly analyzed ones were they PCPT and ERSPC risk calculators, developed from North American and European cohorts, respectively. Both calculators provided high precision for the diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer (AUC as high as 0.798 for PCPT and 0.91 for ERSPC). We found 9 calculators developed from scratch for specific populations, which reached diagnostic precisions as high as 0.938. The most commonly included risk factors in the calculators were age, PSA levels and digital rectal examination findings. Additional calculators included race and detailed personal and family history CONCLUSIONS Both the PCPR and the ERSPC risk calculators have been successfully adapted for cohorts other than the ones they were originally created for with no loss of diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, designing calculators from scratch considering each population’s sociocultural differences has resulted in risk tools that can be well adapted to be valid in more patients. The best risk calculator for prostate cancer will be that which was has been calibrated for its intended population and can be easily reproduced and implemented CLINICALTRIAL CRD42021242110

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Factors affecting health-related quality of life among prostate cancer patients: A systematic review

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/1078155220959414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 1997-2010

Author(s):

Sharon Odeo ◽

Amsalu Degu

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Sexual Function ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Functional Score ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Introduction Prostate cancer is recognized as the leading cause of malignancy-related incidence and mortality in the male population. The treatment regimens have long-term effects detrimental to the patient's quality of life. Hence, this review was aimed to determine the overall HRQOL and its associated among prostate cancer patients. Methods The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases searched were PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and Cumulative Index to the Nursing and Allied Literature (CINAHL), which provided articles that were critically examined, yielding 52 studies that met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Results Out of 52 studies, 30 studies reported poor overall HRQOL in various domains after prostate cancer treatment. Contrastingly, 15 studies reported good overall quality of life after treatment. Among the various domains, sexual function was the most grossly affected functional score by the treatment modalities of prostate cancer. Nonetheless, seven studies showed that the absence of a significant change in the overall quality of life after treatment. According to the studies, older age, comorbidities, higher clinical stage, higher Gleason score, greater cancer severity, African American race, impaired mental health, neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and lower level of education were the major poor predictors of HRQOL among prostate cancer patients. Conclusion The overall HRQOL in prostate cancer patients was generally poor in various functional domains after treatment. Among the various domains, sexual function was the most grossly affected functional score by the treatment modalities of prostate cancer.

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Epidemiology of prostate cancer

10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0058 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Timothy J. Key ◽

Alison J. Price

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Potential Risk ◽

African Ancestry ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy and the sixth most common cause of cancer death for men worldwide. The highest incidence and mortality rates are in populations that originated in Africa, such as African Americans. Rates are also high in Western countries and generally low in East and South Asia. Incidence rates are increasing in some countries which until recently had low rates, but are not changing much in countries which already have high rates. The only well-established risk factors are increasing age, African ancestry, family history of the disease, and certain genetic factors, none of which is modifiable. Many potential risk factors have been investigated in epidemiological studies and randomized trials. Observational studies have shown that prostate cancer risk is positively associated with the plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I, but is not strongly associated with testosterone or other sex hormones. Studies of nutritional factors suggest that risk may be higher in men with a high intake of animal foods and dairy products, but this relationship is not clear enough to be considered as established. Some studies of other nutritional factors such as fat, lycopene and other carotenoids, vitamin D, vitamin E and selenium have suggested possible associations, but overall do not show any clear relationships. Research on other possible risk factors has shown a small positive association of risk with height, but little association with obesity, smoking or alcohol intake, and evidence on sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted infections is inconclusive. Further research is needed, particularly to determine whether potential risk factors may be related more to aggressive than to indolent prostate cancer.

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Epidemiological Study of Prostate Cancer and Its Associated Risk Factors

International Journal of Cancer Research & Therapy ◽

10.33140/ijcrt.04.04.06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Human Anatomy ◽

Sphincter Muscle ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Human Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Detection And Diagnosis ◽

Major Factors

This effort was under taken during the tenure of a postgraduate study by Firew Admasu at Jimma University, Jimma Referral Hospital on the case of prostate cancer while discussing with medical doctors about symptom stages, risk factors, diagnosis, complications and its treatments during visiting a surgery patient and organizing while giving the course of human anatomy and physiology at Dilla University. Background: Based on human anatomy and physiology, prostate is a small gland, found only in men, located between penis and bladder, surrounds the urethra and used to produce a thick white fluid that creates semen when mixed with sperm produced by testicles and prostate cancer occurs if abnormal cells develop in the prostate gland to multiply in an uncontrolled mode. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, develops slowly, there may no signs and symptoms appear until prostate become large enough to affect urinary tube and it is a common condition worldwide that have varying incidence and mortality, and it is the third most common cancer in men of developed countries. Objectives: The main objective is to assess epidemiology of prostate cancer and its associated risk, specifically, to identify the major factors that increased chance of developing prostate cancer, to point out the main later stages symptoms, complications, prevention or reduce the risk, detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer. Methods: The assessment of the epidemiological investigations of surveillance and descriptive studies on the distribution and determination of the characteristics of prostate cancer includes major factors, symptoms, complications, preventions, detection and diagnosis methods. Results: The major factors strongly associated to increased chance of developing prostate cancer includes increasing age, positive family history (genetics), nutrition (obesity) and lifestyle. The later stages symptoms and complications include sudden need to urinate but difficulty with discomfort to urinate, bloody urine or semen, and dysfunction of erectile muscle. The risk of prostate cancer can be prevented or reduced by feeding a healthy diet, nutrition, doing physical exercise, and keeping our weight a healthy and it can be detected and diagnosed by a blood test and/or physical examination test and biopsy. In addition, different types of treatment choices at the early-stage of prostate cancer are advisable such as active surveillance, surgery, and radiation therapy are the standard therapy and difficulty to control urine may be happen after surgery due to splitting of sphincter muscle and erectile dysfunction. Therefore, this study and intervention efforts in the region should be focused on understanding its prevention methods, later stages symptoms, differences in treatment, stage at diagnosis, and early detection by socioeconomic status.

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Use of classical and novel biomarkers as prognostic risk factors for localised prostate cancer: a systematic review

Health Technology Assessment ◽

10.3310/hta13050 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

P Sutcliffe ◽

S Hummel ◽

E Simpson ◽

T Young ◽

A Rees ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Prognostic Risk Factors

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Risk factors for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

10.1101/2020.05.13.20100495 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vanesa Bellou ◽

Ioanna Tzoulaki ◽

Evangelos Evangelou ◽

Lazaros Belbasis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Specific Effect ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

P Value ◽

Meta Analyses

Importance: COVID-19 is a clinically heterogeneous disease of varying severity and prognosis. Clinical characteristics that impact disease course could offer guidance for clinical decision making and future research endeavors and unveil disease pathways. Objective: To examine risk factors associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Data sources: We performed a systematic review in PubMed from January 1 until April 19, 2020. Study selection: Observational studies that examined the association of any clinical characteristic with an adverse clinical outcome were considered eligible. We scrutinized studies for potential overlap. Data extraction and synthesis: Information on the effect of clinical factors on clinical endpoints of patients with COVID-19 was independently extracted by two researchers. When an effect size was not reported, crude odds ratios were calculated based on the available information from the eligible articles. Study-specific effect sizes from non-overlapping studies were synthesized applying the random-effects model. Main outcome and measure: The examined outcomes were severity and progression of disease, admission to ICU, need for mechanical ventilation, mortality, or a composite outcome. Results: We identified 88 eligible articles, and we performed a total of 256 meta-analyses on the association of 98 unique risk factors with five clinical outcomes. Seven meta-analyses presented the strongest epidemiological evidence in terms of statistical significance (P-value <0.005), between-study heterogeneity (I2 <50%), sample size (more than 1000 COVID-19 patients), 95% prediction interval excluded the null value, and absence of small-study effects. Elevated C-reactive protein (OR, 6.46; 95% CI, 4.85 - 8.60), decreased lymphocyte count (OR, 4.16; 95% CI, 3.17 - 5.45), cerebrovascular disease (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.55 - 5.20), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR, 4.44; 95% CI, 2.46 - 8.02), diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.54 - 2.70), hemoptysis (OR, 7.03; 95% CI, 4.57 - 10.81), and male sex (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.30 - 1.75) were associated with risk of severe COVID-19. Conclusions and relevance: Our results highlight factors that could be useful for prognostic model building, help guide patients' selection for randomized clinical trials, as well as provide alternative treatment targets by shedding light to disease pathophysiology.

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