Comparative study between the efficacy of topical sildenafil and topical minoxidil in the treatment of male androgenic alopecia

Background Androgenic alopecia is the most common form of alopecia in men and women. Its incidence increase with age, many treatment modalities are available but results are variable. Androgenetic alopecia is a hereditary thinning of the hair induced by androgens in genetically susceptible men and women. Also known as male-pattern hair loss or common baldness in men and female-pattern hair loss in women. Thinning of hair usually begins between 12 and 40 years old in males and females. Inheritance is polygenic. Aim of the study To evaluate and compare the efficacy, safety and side effects of topical sildenafil and topical minoxidil in the treatment of androgenic alopecia Patients and methods This exploratory pilot study included 30 male patients suffering from androgenic alopecia. Included patients were divided into 2 equal groups based on treatment received; one group received 1% topical sildenafil and the other group received 55 topical minoxidil. Assessment of treatment response was done using trichoscopy. Results Sildenafil treated group showed statistically significant increase in VH and TH count at 18 cm point, 24 cm point after treatment compared to before treatment. While, temporal side showed statistically significant increase in VH only. minoxidil treated group showed statistically significant increase in TH count, T/V hair ratio and hair thickness at 18 cm point and temporal side after treatment compared to before treatment. VH count was significantly decreased after treatment compared to before treatment at 18 cm point. At 24 cm point, only TH was significantly increased after treatment compared to before treatment.

Hemodynamics disorders in vertebra-basilar region in patients with vibration disease, caused by local vibration (data of rheography and transcranial dopplerography)

Brain hemodynamics was studied in vertebra-basilar region in patients with vibration disease, resulting from local vibration. High percentage of clinical and roentgenologic manifestations of cervical octeochondrosis was revealed, as well as incidence increase of cephalgia syndrome while vibration disease progressing. Analysis of rheographic curves (deviation by E.Enin) and transcranial dopplerosonograms showed cerebral circulation dificiency in vertebrabasilar region. The highest level of hemodynamic disorders was marked in vertebral arteries. It is not excluded, that one of the factors, enfluencing hemodynamics disorders, is pathology of the vertebral column.

Information technologies for collecting and processing material on clinical course of HIV infection in epidemiological assessment of risks of contact infection in foci of combined pathology. HIV infection and tuberculosis

Due to the incidence increase of tuberculosis, there is increasing need for epidemiological surveillance of concomitant pathologies among HIV-infected people. The main goal of the authors is to develop information technologies for collecting and processing material on the incidence of HIV infection and tuberculosis in assessing the risks of contamination of contacts in the foci and the effectiveness of epidemiological response. There are descriptive and evaluative epidemiological research methods, the results of clinical studies at the work. There are also presented the features of clinical aspects of concomitant pathology that affect the risk of developing tuberculosis in contact persons. The work presents optimization of use of databases and standard computer programs, which will make it possible to carry out a comprehensive epidemiological assessment of the risks of contamination of contacts in foci of HIV infection and tuberculosis, to determine belonging of the outbreak to groups of high risk of developing tuberculosis in contact, to determine a wider range of contacts and the boundaries of the outbreak.

Acidosis Frequency in Children of Pediatric Acute Diarrhea

Objectives: To Found out the frequency of aidosis in patients of paediatric accute diarrhea. Methods: Two hundred and eighty children fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria admitted in Department of Paediatrics, Services Hospital, Lahore was taken. Informed consent of the parents of children was obtained to include their data in the study. Every children with acute diarrhea was followed through 1-2cc arterial sample sent to the hospital laboratory of the hospital. Results: out of the total 280 patients, 83(29.5%) had acid base abnormality and 197(70.5%) had normal acid base imbalance. Out of 83(29.5%) patients who had acid base abnormality 50(17.5%) males and 22(8%) females had acidosis while only 8(3%) males and 3(1%) females had alkalosis. Conclusion: Acidosis is the most common abnormalities. Its incidence increase with increase in duration of diarrhea. Key Words: Acidosis, paediatric acute diarrhea How to Cite: Zain-ul-Abadin M, Zaheer A, Tariq S, Ans M, Mehmood K, Farooq M. Acidosis Frequency in Children of Pediatric Acute Diarrhea. Esculapio.2020;16(04):14-17.

The Years of the Potential Life Lost due to Breast Cancer Assessment Results in St. Petersburg Population

Data analysis contained in the official forms of medical statistics allows us to state that in St. Petersburg in 20112012 yr. 8% breast cancer incidence increase and 6% mortality rates decrease in women were noted. Years of potential life lost due to breast cancer in 2012 yr. among St. Petersburg female residents in aged 30 to 64 years decreased 8% compared with 2011 yr. data (2632 and 2435 in 20112012, respectively). Years of potential life lost due to breast cancer in 20112012 yr. decreased 16% (1101 and 948 in 20112012 yr. respectively) in St. Petersburg women aged 50 to 59 years (group of maximum incidence rate among patients with malignant neoplasms of the mammary glands). The results of medical care assessment providing to breast cancer patients in St. Petersburg over the past 9 years has allowed to state the positive dynamics in the anticancer fight effectiveness. In 20112018 yr. the incidence of breast cancer in women in St. Petersburg increased by 28,2% (from 45,670/0000 in 2011 yr. to 58,580/0000 in 2018 yr.), and the 5-year survival rate of patients with breast cancer in St. Petersburg increased by 4,9% (from 60,4% to 63,4% in 2011 and 2018 yr. respectively). Considering these data the number of years of potential life lost due to breast cancer in the analyzed period decreased. This circumstance can be regarded as one of the indicators of the medical care quality in breast cancer patients and as an indicator of the proper organization of oncological service functioning in the administrative and industrial center of Russia.

COVID-19 Infections Following Physical School Reopening

BackgroundSchool reopened in August-September 2020 and their effect on COVID-19 infections is unclear.MethodsWe examined Coronavirus Disease-19 incidence following school reopening in Florida.ResultsWe found that counties teaching physically had 1.2-fold incidence increase in elementary schools and 1.3-fold increase in high schools, while counties teaching remotely had no increase.ConclusionsOur results suggest that counties teaching physically could consider teaching remotely, especially in high school, until it is safe to teach physically.What was knownSchools reopened in August-September 2020, with some teaching remotely, since the effect of physical reopening on COVID-19 infections is unclear.What we addedcounties teaching physically had 1.2-fold incidence increase in elementary schools and 1.3-fold increase in high schools. This suggests that counties teaching physically could consider teaching remotely instead, especially at the high school level.

COVID-19 infections following outdoor mass gatherings in low incidence areas: retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveIndoor mass gatherings in counties with high COVID-19 incidence have been linked to infections. We examined if outdoor mass gatherings in counties with low COVID-19 incidence are also followed by infections.MethodsWe retrospectively examined COVID-19 incidence in 20 counties that held mass gathering rallies (19 outdoor and 1 indoor) in the United States in August-September 2020. They were compared to the rest of the United States counties. We utilized a 7-day moving average and compared the change on the gathering date and 15 days later, based on the 95% confidence interval. For control counties we used the median of the gathering dates.SettingThe United StatesPopulation8.4 million in the counties holding mass gatherings, and 324 Million in the rest of the counties in the United States.Main Outcome MeasureChange in COVID-19 incidence rate per 100,000 capita during the two weeks following mass gatherings.ResultsIn the two weeks following the gatherings, the COVID-19 incidence increased significantly in 14 of 20 counties. The county with the highest incidence increase (3.8-fold) had the 2nd lowest incidence before the gathering. The county with the highest decrease (0.4-fold) had the 3rd highest incidence before the gathering. At the gathering date, the average incidence of counties with gatherings was lower than the rest of the United States, and after the gathering, it increased 1.5-fold, while the rest of the United States increased 1.02-fold.ConclusionThese results suggest that even outdoor gatherings in areas with low COVID-19 incidence are followed by increased infections, and that further precautions should be taken at such gatherings.What is already known on the topicMass gatherings have been linked to COVID-19 infections, but it is less clear how much it happens outdoors, and in areas with low incidence.What this study addsCOVID-19 infections increased significantly in 14 of 20 counties that held mass gathering rallies in the United States, 19 of which were outdoors. The county with the highest incidence increase (3.8-fold) was outdoors and had a low incidence before the gathering. The average incidence of all 20 counties with gatherings was lower at the gathering day compared with the rest of the United State, and it increased 1.5-fold following the gatherings. Our findings suggest a need for precautions in mass gatherings, even when outdoors and in areas with a low incidence of COVID-19.

Small-scaled association between ambient temperature and campylobacteriosis incidence in Germany

Campylobacteriosis is the leading bacterial cause of human diarrheal illness worldwide. Campylobacteriosis incidence exhibits seasonality and has been attributed to ambient temperature. However, the role of ambient temperature on campylobacteriosis remains poorly understood. To examine the impact of ambient temperature on local campylobacteriosis in Germany, weekly incidences on NUTS-3 level were analysed using a novel small-scaled approach, regression and time lags. Campylobacteriosis incidence correlated positively with temperatures between − 5 and 28 °C. The sigmoid regression model estimated an incidence increase of 0.52 per 5 °C temperature rise in the observation period. The weekly average of daily minimum temperature was most significant at a time lag of two weeks and showed the steepest incidence increase of 0.13 per 1 °C temperature increase in a temperature corridor of 5.1 to 12.2 °C. The impact of average minimum temperatures on campylobacteriosis incidence is crucial, likely to be indirect and especially relevant in the recent part of the infection chain. Vectors or human behaviour are presumably more directly linked with temperature than the pathogen’s microbiology and should be examined. These variables outweigh the direct temperature-pathogen relationship when the whole chain of infection is considered. In the context of climate change, campylobacteriosis is likely to increase in Germany due to an increased temperature effect.

Prostate cancer: morbidity and mortality trends in Kemerovo Region

Aim. To study current trends in the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Kemerovo Region.Materials and Methods. We conducted a descriptive retrospective study by investigating cancer registry of Regional Clinical Oncology Dispensary collected in 2010-2018.Results. During the study period, 4965 cases of prostate cancer have been documented. The average standardised incidence rate was 50,080/0000 (95% CI = 46.01; 54.43). We detected a trend towards an increase in standardized incidence from 32.410/0000 in 2010 (95% CI = 28.76; 36.05) to 73.000/0000 in 2018 (95% CI = 67.86 – 78.15) with the average annual increment of 10.22% (р < 0.0001). A significant proportion of cases (48.17% in 2018) occurred in elderly (≥ 70 years). Standardized mortality rates increased from 9.240/0000 in 2010 (95% CI = 7.29; 11.19) to 28,830/0000 in 2018 (95% CI = 25.51; 32.15), average annual increment 13.99% (р = 0.002). Component analysis showed that an incidence increase by 155.81% is primarily associated with existing risk factors (128.19%) rather than with population aging (16.71%) or their combined effect (10.91%).Conclusion. Currently, there is a clear trend to increasing incidence and mortality from prostate cancer in Kemerovo Region, mainly due to existing risk factors.