scholarly journals BACTERIA OF THE ORDER BACILLALES AS PROMISING ANTAGONISTS OF FUSARIUM PATHOGENS AND THEIR IMPACT ON WINTER WHEAT PLANTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Vasilchenko ◽  
◽  
A.V. Gorovtsov ◽  
V.A. Chistyakov ◽  
M.S. Mazanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Wort Agar ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The possibility of using bacteria of the order Bacillales as agents of biological control of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium was studied. In the work, 28 soil samples were studied, from which antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Antagonism was detected by cultivating a pasteurized soil suspension with a culture of the fungus Fusarium graminearum on wort agar. In the course of this work, 1040 antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Subsequently, the influence of the selected strains of microorganisms on the germination winter wheat seeds and several other morphometric parameters was studied.

scholarly journals Primary evaluation of newly isolated strains of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
M.I. Baranskaya ◽  
◽  
L.A. Chaikovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Primary Evaluation ◽  
University Laboratory ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Isolation and screening of strains with increased phosphate-dissolving activity are necessary stages of research on the intensification of phosphorus nutrition of plants by pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with effective microorganisms. The purpose of the research was to study the phosphate-dissolving activity of newly isolated bacterial strains and their effect on the sowing qualities of winter wheat seeds. Phosphate-mobilizing bacteria were isolated in 2014–2019 from the сhernozem southern sampled in the fields of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Agro-Industrial College – structural unit of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Laboratory studies were carried out in 2019–2020 in the Department of Agricultural Microbiology of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. The isolation of strains of soil phosphate-mobilizing bacteria was carried out based on the appearance of a clear zone around the colonies on agarized glucose-aspartic (GA) medium supplemented with Ca3(PO4)2. The coefficient of specific phosphate-dissolving activity (Kr) of the strains was calculated according to the method of I. M. Malinovskaya. The quantitative assessment of the phosphate-dissolving activity of bacteria in a liquid medium (P2O5 content) was determined by the colorimetric method. High Kr is typical for the predominant part of the studied strains (22 or 81.5 %). The highest Kr value (10) was noted for strain 0613. Twelve (44 %) strains demonstrated the highest ability to transform Ca3(PO4)2 into a soluble form. The maximum content of P2O5 (212 mg/l) was observed in the culture fluid of strain 1702. When winter wheat seeds were inoculated with strains 0890 and 1702, germination increased by 8–9 %. The same was with germination energy; it also increased compared to control (water) by 2.5 and 7.5 %, respectively. The use of strain 1303 contributed to a significant increase in the energy and germination rate of seeds: by 34.5, 6 and 5.6 %, respectively, compared to control. The strains provided a significant increase in the weight of seedlings compared to control: by 29 % – the reference strain; by 32, 38 and 29 % – newly isolated 0735, 1204, 1701, respectively.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF WINTER WHEAT SEED INOCULATION BY THE BACILLUS BACTERIA PROMISING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIO MEDICINES

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Asaturova ◽  
N. A. Zhevnova ◽  
M. D. Pavlova ◽  
V. M. Dubyaga ◽  
N. S. Tomashevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Positive Effect

As a result of stage screening, there were selected promising bacterial strains to create laboratory samples of biological products on their basis to protect winter wheat from the causative agents of fusarium root rot. The purpose of the work is to determine the growth-stimulating and protective effect of laboratory samples of Bacillus subtilis BZR 336g and B. subtilis BZR 517 on winter wheat plants, as well as to determine the antagonistic effect of strains on Fusarium fungi. As a result of the work, there was established a positive effect of laboratory samples on the growth, development and germination of plants in greenhouse conditions and the ability to significantly inhibit the mycelium of phytopathogenic fungi F. graminearun, F. culmorum and Microdochium nivale in laboratory conditions. The study of the samples artificially infected in a climatic chamber showed not only a high protective effect of these laboratory samples, but also made it possible to determine the regimes for their use. The conducted tests prove the viability of new bioagents as environmentally friendly plant-protective products.

scholarly journals Improving the efficiency of pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with low power coherent optical radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 659 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
M A Taranov ◽  
A S Kazakova ◽  
P V Gulyaev ◽  
M M Ukraintsev ◽  
A S Tatarintsev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Wheat Seeds

THE EFFECT OF MANGANESE AND MOLYBDENUM FERTILIZERS ON THE SOWING QUALITIES OF WINTER WHEAT SEEDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Onishchenko ◽  
Lyubov Vladimirovna Streletskaya ◽  
Daniil Sergeevich Karikov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Seeds

scholarly journals Determination of Main Spectral and Luminescent Characteristics of Winter Wheat Seeds Infected with Pathogenic Microflora

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Alexey M. Bashilov ◽  
Igor Yu. Efremenkov ◽  
Mikhail V. Belyakov ◽  
Alexander V. Lavrov ◽  
Anatoly A. Gulyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Fusarium Infection ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Wheat Seeds

In connection with the constant growth of demand for high-quality food products, there is a need to develop effective methods for storing agricultural products, and the registration and predicting infection in the early stages. The studying of the physical properties of infected plants and seeds has fundamental importance for determining crop losses, conducting a survey of diseases, and assessing the effectiveness of their control (assessment of the resistance of crops and varieties, the effect of fungicides, etc.). Presently, photoluminescent methods for diagnosing seeds in the ultraviolet and visible ranges have not been studied. For research, seeds of winter wheat were selected, and were infected with one of the most common and dangerous diseases for plants—fusarium. The research of luminescence was carried out based on a hardware–software complex consisting of a multifunctional spectrofluorometer “Fluorat-02-Panorama”, a computer with software “Panorama Pro” installed, and an external camera for the samples under study. Spectra were obtained with a diagnostic range of winter wheat seeds of 220–400 nm. Based on the results obtained for winter wheat seeds, it is possible to further develop a method for determining the degree of fusarium infection.

scholarly journals Pyrrolnitrin Biosynthesis From Rhizospheric Serratia Spp. With Antifungal Activity and Binding Interactions of PrnF With Ligands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha P. Pawar ◽  
Ambalal B. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Protein Model ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Rhizophila ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Pyrrolnitrin (PRN) from rhizobacteria displays a key role in biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi in rhizospheric soil. Therefore, different rhizospheric soils were investigated for the prevalence of PRN producer in minimal salt (MS) medium containing tryptophan (0.2 M NaCl; pH 8) using three successive enrichments. Of 12% isolates, only five bacterial strains had shown PRN secretion, screened with Thin Layer Chromatography (Rf 0.8) and antifungal activity (27 mm) against phytopathogen. The phenetic and 16S rRNA sequence revealed the close affiliation of isolates (KMB, M-2, M-11, TW3, and TO2) to Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (KY800458), Enterobacter spp. (KY800455), Brevibacillus parabrevis (KY800454), Serratia marcescens (KY800456) and Serratia nemtodiphila (KY800457). Purified compound from isolates was characterised using UV, IR, HPLC, LCMS and GCMS as PRN. However, BLASTn hit of prn gene sequences from both Serratia species showed 99% similarity with NADPH dependent FMN reductase component (prnF). The homology protein model of prnF was developed from translated sequence of S. marcescens TW3 with chromate reductase of Escherichia coli K-12. Docking with FMN and NADPH was performed. The study demonstrated the possible role of prnF NADPH dependent FMN reductases in prnD for supply of reduced flavin in rhizobacterial strain of Serratia spp. which may pave a way to understand PRN production.

scholarly journals Active Antibiotics Production by Actinomycetes Indigenous To Saudi Arabia Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Fetoon M ◽  
helaiwi Alk ◽  
Ismet Ara ◽  
Nadine Moubayed
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Desert Soils ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Properties

Streptomyces are the most popular among the Actinomycetes groups and found in soils worldwide. They form an important part of the soil ecology within the Actinomycetales order. Streptomyces are diverse as secondary antibiotic metabolites such as Novobiocin, Amphotericin, Vancomycin, Neomycin, Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Nystatin. Thus, the current study was aimed to isolate, identify and assess the active antibiotic metabolites produced by different actinomyces sp. found in Saudi Arabian soils. Six samples were collected from desert soils of the Al Thumamah area and analyzed using GS-MS. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to identify the bacterial strains along with their antibiotic metabolites effectiveness of secondary metabolites (antibiotics) against different Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), negative pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella suis, and Shigella sonnei) as well as the fungal strain Candida albicans was investigated. Thirty active bacterial (F1-30) strains were isolated from the soil samples and the strains F3, F7, F22, F30 have white, gray, pink, yellow and red colours respectively. Only ten strains (F13, F14, F15, F16, FI7, F18, F19, F20, F21, and F22) were found to have antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogen. The optimum growth environment was pH 4-10, temperature (300C), and NaCl (7% w/v) concentration. According to our findings, the extreme desert environment of Al Thumamah from Saudi Arabia is rich in its actinobacterial population with diverse colouring groups and various physiological and biochemical properties. This shows it’s capability of generating secondary metabolite elements that could inhibit pathogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Interlaboratory Comparison of Methods To Quantify Microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae in Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 3846-3853 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Termorshuizen ◽  
J. R. Davis ◽  
G. Gort ◽  
D. C. Harris ◽  
O. C. Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Blinded Fashion ◽  
Dry Soil

ABSTRACT In a comparison of different methods for estimatingVerticillium dahliae in soil, 14 soil samples were analyzed in a blinded fashion by 13 research groups in seven countries, using their preferred methods. One group analyzed only four samples. Twelve soil samples were naturally infested, and two had known numbers of microsclerotia of V. dahliae added to them. In addition, a control was included to determine whether transport had an effect on the results. Results differed considerably among the research groups. There was a 118-fold difference between the groups with the lowest and highest mean estimates. Results of the other groups were evenly distributed between these extremes. In general, methods based on plating dry soil samples gave higher numbers of V. dahliae than did plating of an aqueous soil suspension. Recovery of V. dahliae from samples with added microsclerotia varied from 0 to 59%. Most of the variability within each analysis was at the petri dish level. The results indicate the necessity to check the performance of detection assays regularly by comparing recoveries with other laboratories, using a common set of soil samples. We conclude that wet plating assays are less accurate than dry plating assays.

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