scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF WINTER WHEAT SEED INOCULATION BY THE BACILLUS BACTERIA PROMISING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIO MEDICINES

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Asaturova ◽  
N. A. Zhevnova ◽  
M. D. Pavlova ◽  
V. M. Dubyaga ◽  
N. S. Tomashevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Positive Effect

As a result of stage screening, there were selected promising bacterial strains to create laboratory samples of biological products on their basis to protect winter wheat from the causative agents of fusarium root rot. The purpose of the work is to determine the growth-stimulating and protective effect of laboratory samples of Bacillus subtilis BZR 336g and B. subtilis BZR 517 on winter wheat plants, as well as to determine the antagonistic effect of strains on Fusarium fungi. As a result of the work, there was established a positive effect of laboratory samples on the growth, development and germination of plants in greenhouse conditions and the ability to significantly inhibit the mycelium of phytopathogenic fungi F. graminearun, F. culmorum and Microdochium nivale in laboratory conditions. The study of the samples artificially infected in a climatic chamber showed not only a high protective effect of these laboratory samples, but also made it possible to determine the regimes for their use. The conducted tests prove the viability of new bioagents as environmentally friendly plant-protective products.

scholarly journals BACTERIA OF THE ORDER BACILLALES AS PROMISING ANTAGONISTS OF FUSARIUM PATHOGENS AND THEIR IMPACT ON WINTER WHEAT PLANTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Vasilchenko ◽  
◽  
A.V. Gorovtsov ◽  
V.A. Chistyakov ◽  
M.S. Mazanko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Soil Suspension ◽  
Wort Agar ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Fusarium Pathogens ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The possibility of using bacteria of the order Bacillales as agents of biological control of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium was studied. In the work, 28 soil samples were studied, from which antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Antagonism was detected by cultivating a pasteurized soil suspension with a culture of the fungus Fusarium graminearum on wort agar. In the course of this work, 1040 antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Subsequently, the influence of the selected strains of microorganisms on the germination winter wheat seeds and several other morphometric parameters was studied.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYTOLECTINS AND LECTIN COMPOSITIONS APPLICATION FOR SPRAYING PLANTS DURING VEGETATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
O. V. Kyrychenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Spraying Plants ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Mass Spring ◽  
Positive Effect

The effectiveness of the soybean plants spraying with the soybean seed lectin solution during vegetation (against the background of seed inoculation with nodule bacteria and without seed inoculation), as well as the effectiveness of the winter wheat plants spraying with lectin-bacterial composition in green-house and field experiments was investigated respectively. It was found that spraying of soybeans in the phase of two trifoliate leaves development with a specific lectin against the background of pre-sowing seed inoculation with rhizobia caused a significantly positive effect on the functional activity of the symbiotic apparatus. The nitrogen-fixing activity of the rhizosphere microbiota remained unchanged, which may indicate the vector of lectin action when sprayed through the plant. At the same time, the activation of plants vegetative growth was noted, which was maximally manifested by the height of their above ground part. The activity of exogenous sprayed lectin was less pronounced on the background of seed inoculation with rhizobia compared to non-inoculated plants. Plants spraying with soybean lectin against the background of seed inoculation provided an increase in harvest compared to non-inoculated control by 12.8 g/plant, but by the factor of lectin action this increase was only 1.15 g/plant and was insignificant. Non-inoculated soybean plants when sprayed with lectin formed a harvest that was significantly higher (by 3.86 g/plant) than that of plants in the absence of lectin. At this, the increase by the factor of lectin action was 22%. The spraying of winter wheat plants in the phase of mass spring germinations with the Azolec preparation (without pre-sowing seed inoculation) contributed to a significant increase in harvest by 1.6 c/ha. Therefore, the application of soybean and wheat plants spraying, respectively, with soybean seed lectin and lectin-bacterial Azolec preparation (wheat lectin),without involving pre-sowing seed inoculation, provided a greater degree of plants productive potential realization compared to control (without pre-sowing seed inoculation and plants spraying during vegetation).

Positive effect of preparations with antiviral properties on potato productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Kolychikhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Production Conditions ◽  
Chitosan Lactate

In the small-plot experiment of the Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy against potato viruses in 2014-2019 were tested some kinds of preparations with antiviral activity: Pharmayod, GS (100 g/l of iodine); Immunocytophyte, TAB (20 g/kg arachidonic acid ethyl ester); Ecogel, WS (30 g/l of chitosan lactate); Amulet, TAB (composition of linear polyaminosaccharides (chitosan) in succinic acid solution); Zerox, WS (3000 mg /l colloidal silver); Viron, WS (biostimulant based on urea and citric acid with the addition of essential oils). According to the results of the studies, it was found that, in addition to the effect on the causative agents of viral diseases of potatoes, all tested preparations had a stable tendency to maintain or increase the yield of tubers of infected plants. The increase in the yield of tubers ranged from 0.5 to 1.3 kg/m2. In 2016 under the production conditions of Astrakhan region on the potato variety Impala infected with the PVM + PVS and PVM + PVS + PVY virus complexes a comparative assessment of the effect of Pharmayod and Immunocytophyte revealed a significant increase in the gross and marketable yield of potato plants in the areas with the use of these preparations compared to with control.

Effect of precursors, fertilizers and soil cultivation on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops in the zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
T.S. Vinnichuk ◽  
L.M. Parminskaya ◽  
N.M. Gavrilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
No Till ◽  
Harmful Organisms

In the article the research the results of studies of the phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowing with three soil treatments - plowing (22-24 cm), shallow (10-12 cm) and zero (no - till) with various doses of fertilizers: N56 Р16 К16 , N110-130 Р90 К110 and N145-165 Р135 К150 , without fertilizers (control) for the two predecessors - soybean and rapeseed. The influence of these methods on the development and prevalence of powdery mildew, septoriosis of leaves, root rot of winter wheat, the most common pests in the area of research - cereal flies, wheat thrips and grain sawflies. The identified measures to limit the development and spread of harmful organisms above.

The Effect of Active Principles of Lyophilized Garlic and Chlorella on Reduction of Tissue Bioaccumulation and Lead Antagonism to Zinc in Carassius gibelio

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2006-2009
Author(s):  
Marioara Nicula ◽  
Nicolae Pacala ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
Mirela Ahmadi ◽  
Dorel Dronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Carassius Gibelio ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Living Organisms

In living organisms lead is classified as potential toxic metal, and in high concentration can produce intoxication with the alteration of some vital organs, especially liver and kidney. In aquatic environment lead can be absorbed by fishes and other organisms, with different distribution in various tissues. Our aim of experiment was to verify and demonstrate the protective effect of lyophilized garlic and chlorella against bioaccumulation of lead in fishes living in aquatic environment deliberated polluted with lead. Thus, lyophilized garlic and chlorella administrated as supplements in fodder for fishes (Carassius gibelio) diminished the antagonistic effect of lead against zinc in all tested tissues: liver, kidney, heart, brain, ovary, testis, muscles myotome � epaxial, skin � with scales, gills, and intestine.

scholarly journals Adoption and profitability of BARI lentil varieties in some selected areas of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
MJU Sarker ◽  
MA Bakr
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Power Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Know How ◽  
Stemphylium Blight ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Douglas Production Function ◽  
Financial Profitability

Lentil is an important pulse crop widely grown in Bangladesh. It ranks first among the pulses in terms of area and consumers’ preference. BARI has developed many improved lentil varieties and disseminated to the farmers fields. The up-to-date information regarding adoption and financial profitability of this crop are unknown to the researchers and policymakers. Therefore, the study was conducted in Jhenaidah and Jessore districts to determine the adoption status and profitability of BARI lentil production and to examine the factors affecting the yield of BARI lentil during 2010-2011. Cobb-Douglas production function was used. The study revealed that 98% of the total lentil cultivated areas were occupied by BARI lentil varieties in the study areas. The average level of adoption of BARI Masur-3, BARI Masur-4, BARI Masur-5 and BARI Masur-6 were 49%, 47%, 1% and 1%, respectively at farm level. The cultivation of BARI lentil was profitable to the farmers since the per hectare total cost, gross return and net return of BARI lentil cultivation were Tk 52,734, Tk 80,572 and Tk 27,838, respectively. Functional analysis revealed that seed, urea, mechanical power cost and pesticides had positive effect on the yield of lentil production. Unavailability of latest BARI lentil seed, lack of technical know-how, lack of training, and diseases (root rot and stemphylium blight) were the main constraints to BARI lentil cultivation at farm level. BARI Masur-3 and BARI Masur-4 were the highly adopted varieties. The lentil production was profitable to the farmers in the study areas DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14384 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 593-606, December 2012

scholarly journals Pyrrolnitrin Biosynthesis From Rhizospheric Serratia Spp. With Antifungal Activity and Binding Interactions of PrnF With Ligands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shraddha P. Pawar ◽  
Ambalal B. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Rrna Sequence ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Protein Model ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Rhizophila ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Pyrrolnitrin (PRN) from rhizobacteria displays a key role in biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi in rhizospheric soil. Therefore, different rhizospheric soils were investigated for the prevalence of PRN producer in minimal salt (MS) medium containing tryptophan (0.2 M NaCl; pH 8) using three successive enrichments. Of 12% isolates, only five bacterial strains had shown PRN secretion, screened with Thin Layer Chromatography (Rf 0.8) and antifungal activity (27 mm) against phytopathogen. The phenetic and 16S rRNA sequence revealed the close affiliation of isolates (KMB, M-2, M-11, TW3, and TO2) to Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (KY800458), Enterobacter spp. (KY800455), Brevibacillus parabrevis (KY800454), Serratia marcescens (KY800456) and Serratia nemtodiphila (KY800457). Purified compound from isolates was characterised using UV, IR, HPLC, LCMS and GCMS as PRN. However, BLASTn hit of prn gene sequences from both Serratia species showed 99% similarity with NADPH dependent FMN reductase component (prnF). The homology protein model of prnF was developed from translated sequence of S. marcescens TW3 with chromate reductase of Escherichia coli K-12. Docking with FMN and NADPH was performed. The study demonstrated the possible role of prnF NADPH dependent FMN reductases in prnD for supply of reduced flavin in rhizobacterial strain of Serratia spp. which may pave a way to understand PRN production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of yield quality and weed infestation of common valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) in dependence on weed control method and forecrop.

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezary Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Positive Effect

A field experiment involving the cultivation of common valerian was conducted on loess soil in Abramów (Lublin region) in the period 2007-2009. Qualitative parameters of herbal raw material obtained from this plant as well as in-crop weed infestation were evaluated depending on the protection method and forecrop. Hand-weeded plots, in which a hand hoe was used, were the control. In the other treatments, weeds were controlled using various herbicides and a mechanical implement (brush weeder). Potato and winter wheat + field pea cover crop were the forecrops for common valerian crops. A hypothesis was made that the use of a brush weeder and herbicides not registered for application in valerian crops would have a positive effect on this plant's productivity and weed infestation in its crops. It was also assumed that the introduction of a cover crop would allow the elimination of differences in the forecrop value of the crop stands in question. The best quantitative and qualitative parameters of common valerian raw material as well as the largest reduction of incrop weed infestation were recorded after the application of the herbicides which were not type approved. The use of the brush weeder in the interrows also had a beneficial effect on productivity of the plant in question, but secondary weed infestation at the end of the growing season of common valerian turned out to be its disadvantage. Traditional crop protection methods used in common valerian crops were less effective in weed infestation reduction and they resulted in lower plant productivity and raw material quality. Potato proved to be a better forecrop for common valerian than winter wheat + field pea; however, this positive effect was not confirmed statistically. The following annual weeds: <i>Chenopodium album</i>, <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i>, <i>Stellaria media</i>, were predominant in the common valerian crop. Traditional weed control methods resulted in the dominance of some dicotyledonous weeds, such as <i>Viola arvensis</i>, <i>Galium aparine</i>, <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i>.

scholarly journals Taxonomic composition and incidence of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots of soft spring wheat in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp

The taxonomic composition and incidence of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots of soft spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. of nine varieties of Siberian origin (Altayskaya 70, Altayskaya 75, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16, Novosibirskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 31, Novosibirskaya 41 and Svirel) cultivated using wheat and fallow as a predecessor, was studied in the area of Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. Average incidence of fungal root infection was 24%. In plants grown using wheat as a predecessor, the incidence was statistically significantly (p <0.05) higher than in plants grown using fallow as a predecessor (27.3 versus 20.6%). Statistically significant (p <0.05) differences in the prevalence of root infection were revealed between cultivars. The maximal prevalence (33.3 and 32.3%, respectively) on average for the wheat predecessor and fallow was found for the varieties Svirel and Altayskaya 75, the minimal (16.7%) for the varieties Novosibirskaya 16 and Altayskaya 70. The complex of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots is represented by Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria spp. (31.4, 44.9 and 23.7% of the pathogenic complex on average for varieties and variants, respectively). The composition of pathogens statistically significantly (p <0.01) depends on the predecessor. In the plants cultivated using wheat as a predecessor, the proportion of Alternaria spp. was higher whereas proportions of Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana were lower. No differences in prevalence and taxonomic composition of root infection between varieties originated from Novosibirsk territory, Krasnoyarsk territory and Altay territory were found. Keywords: SPRING WHEAT, ROOT ROT, KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY, FUSARIUM SPP., BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA, ALTERNARIA SPP

scholarly journals Immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens in the right-bank Forest Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golosna ◽  
O. G. Afanasieva ◽  
O.V. Shevchuk ◽  
L.O. Kucherova ◽  
I.S. Shvets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. To determine the resistance of winter wheat varieties to the main pathogens, to establish their stability and plasticity, to identify perspective sources of resistance. Methods. Laboratory – production of inoculum of pathogens; field – artificial inoculation,, assessment of variety stability; statistical calculation of disease severity, indicators of stability and plasticity. Results. In 2015–2017, the resistance of 43 varieties of winter wheat to the main pathogens of leaf diseases, common bunt and root rots was assessed. Resistance to powdery mildew was found in 32 varieties, tan spot – in 2, root rot – in 3, hard smut – in 2 varieties. Six varieties of winter wheat were characterized by group resistance. Varieties that combine high plasticity and stability of the sign of disease resistance have been identified. Conclusions. Valuable sources of resistance are winter wheat varieties with group resistance to common bunt and powdery mildew – Tradytsiia Odeska and Kurs; powdery mildew and tan spot – Nasnaga and Zolotonozhka; powdery mildew and root rot – Nezabudka and Shchedrist kyivska.Keywords: resistance, winter wheat, diseases, plasticity, stability.

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