scholarly journals Determination of Main Spectral and Luminescent Characteristics of Winter Wheat Seeds Infected with Pathogenic Microflora

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Alexey M. Bashilov ◽  
Igor Yu. Efremenkov ◽  
Mikhail V. Belyakov ◽  
Alexander V. Lavrov ◽  
Anatoly A. Gulyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Fusarium Infection ◽  
Constant Growth ◽  
Wheat Seeds

In connection with the constant growth of demand for high-quality food products, there is a need to develop effective methods for storing agricultural products, and the registration and predicting infection in the early stages. The studying of the physical properties of infected plants and seeds has fundamental importance for determining crop losses, conducting a survey of diseases, and assessing the effectiveness of their control (assessment of the resistance of crops and varieties, the effect of fungicides, etc.). Presently, photoluminescent methods for diagnosing seeds in the ultraviolet and visible ranges have not been studied. For research, seeds of winter wheat were selected, and were infected with one of the most common and dangerous diseases for plants—fusarium. The research of luminescence was carried out based on a hardware–software complex consisting of a multifunctional spectrofluorometer “Fluorat-02-Panorama”, a computer with software “Panorama Pro” installed, and an external camera for the samples under study. Spectra were obtained with a diagnostic range of winter wheat seeds of 220–400 nm. Based on the results obtained for winter wheat seeds, it is possible to further develop a method for determining the degree of fusarium infection.

scholarly journals Raman Spectroscopy Enables Non-Invasive Identification of Mycotoxins p. Fusarium of Winter Wheat Seeds

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Maksim N. Moskovskiy ◽  
Aleksey V. Sibirev ◽  
Anatoly A. Gulyaev ◽  
Stanislav A. Gerasimenko ◽  
Sergey I. Borzenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Signatures ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Identification of specific mycotoxins p. Fusarium contained in infected winter wheat seeds can be achieved by visually recognizing their distinctive phenotypic species. The visual identification (ID) of species is subjective and usually requires significant taxonomic knowledge. Methods for the determination of various types of mycotoxins of the p. Fusarium are laborious and require the use of chemical invasive research methods. In this research, we investigate the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy (RS) as a tag-free, non-invasive and non-destructive analytical method for the rapid and accurate identification of p. Fusarium. Varieties of the r. Fusarium can produce mycotoxins that directly affect the DNA, RNA and chemical structure of infected seeds. Analysis of spectra by RS methods and chemometric analysis allows the identification of healthy, infected and contaminated seeds of winter wheat with varieties of mycotoxins p. Fusarium. Raman seed analysis provides accurate identification of p. Fusarium in 96% of samples. In addition, we present data on the identification of carbohydrates, proteins, fiber and other nutrients contaminated with p. Fusarium seeds obtained using spectroscopic signatures. These results demonstrate that RS enables rapid, accurate and non-invasive screening of seed phytosanitary status.

scholarly journals Influence of genotype on representativeness of Alternaria sp. inside the seeds of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
T. Rozhkova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Goal. To establish the influence of the genotype of winter wheat on the presence of Alternaria sp. in the seeds of winter wheat under different growing conditions, for different periods of time, among varieties from different original institutions of Ukrainian and foreign selection. Methods. Field — cultivation of wheat varieties in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine; organizational — collection of seed samples; laboratory — analysis of the mycoflora of winter wheat seeds by biological method on the PGA, determination of Alternaria fungi on the environment of the PCA; analytical and mathematical — analysis of the obtained results and their statistical comparison. Results. The study of the influence of the variety on the isolation of Alternaria fungi for their cultivation in different years for the period from 2011 to 2020 and in different growing conditions proved the existence of a significant difference in their total amount and number of individual species, especially dominant. Differences were noted in the presence of Alternaria sp. inside the seeds grown in two climatic zones (Polissya and Forest-Steppe), on farms and in experimental fields. Three-year observation of the species of these fungi on two varieties from one originator showed their different isolation: both the presence of certain representatives and the number of their isolation. Analysis of 9 and 17 genotypes of wheat of Ukrainian and foreign selection during 2019 and 2020 also showed a different picture of the population of Alternaria fungi. Conclusions. Significant influence of genotype on the selection of Alternaria sp. was installed. Based on several years of studying the population of winter wheat seeds with Alternaria fungi, genotypes with a smaller presence were identified: in 2013—2015 — Gordovyta variety, in 2019—2020 — Emil, Pylypivka. It should be borne in mind that fewer alternative fungi reduce the presence of their mycotoxins, but increase the number of other fungi in the mycoflora, sometimes more dangerous.

scholarly journals ДИНАМІКА НАКОПИЧЕННЯ СУХОЇ РЕЧОВИНИ ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦІ М’ЯКОЇ ОЗИМОЇ

2014 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
М. М. Герман ◽  
О. В. Міщенко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Wheat Seeds ◽  
Full Maturity

Наведено результати досліджень, встановленонайкращу фазу стиглості зерна пшениці м'якої ози-мої для отримання високоякісного насіння. Визначе-но, що основна кількість білка і клейковини в зернісинтезуються до середини молочного стану, у на-ступні фази стиглості зерна продовжується їхнєнакопичення в достатньо зволожені роки до настан-ня повної стиглості, в посушливі – до середини воско-вої стиглості зерна незалежно від попередника, фонуудобрення і норм висіву насіння пшениці м'якої ози-мої. Встановлено, що за сухої теплої погоди та від-сутності опадів під час формування й достиганнязерна добовий приріст маси 1000 зерен значно біль-ший, ніж у роки зі значною кількістю опадів. The results of the studies found the best stage of ripeness soft winter wheat to produce high-quality seed. Determined that the principal amount of protein and gluten in grains synthesized by the middle of the milk, the next phase of ripening grain continues their accumulation in sufficiently moist years before full maturity, in the dry - the middle of ripeness of grain, regardless of its predecessor, background fertilizer and seed rates soft winter wheat seeds. Found that in dry warm weather and lack of rain during the development and ripening of grain daily gain mass of 1000 grains is much larger than in years with high rainfall.

Agrophysics - physics in agriculture and environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Gliński ◽  
Józef Horabik ◽  
Jerzy Lipiec
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Crop Losses ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Physical Degradation

Abstract Agrophysics is one of the branches of natural sciences dealing with the application of physics in agriculture and environment. It plays an important role in the limitation of hazards to agricultural objects (soils, plants, agricultural products and foods) and to the environment. Soil physical degradation, gas production in soils and emission to the atmosphere, physical properties of plant materials influencing their technological and nutritional values and crop losses are examples of such hazards. Agrophysical knowledge can be helpful in evaluating and improving the quality of soils and agricultural products as well as the technological processes.

Influence of conservation tillage and nutrient rate on the internal fusarium infection of winter wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1101-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Stingli ◽  
Árpád Bokor ◽  
Mária Kondor-Jakab
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Fusarium Infection

Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sowing Seed

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.

Influence of a chemical preparation of triazole50% cs on sowing the winter wheat against rust

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 231-233
Author(s):  
AliyevSh.K. ◽  
TuychiyevI.U ◽  
Karimov N ◽  
Umaraliev.M.I
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Chemical Preparation ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Biological Farming ◽  
The Given ◽  
Farming Efficiency

The article is focused on the data of the carried works on studying biological efficiency of fungi Triazole 50% on sowing the winter wheat against yellow rust as well as on the height, development and fertility of the wheat. On May 5, 2019 from 9 to 10 o’clock under the temperature 21-23 field experiments of Triazol 50% CS manufactured by the firm “Agroximstar” (Uzbekistan) were carried out on winter wheat as a protector of seeds of winter wheat of Pervitsa sort against the disease of yellow rustin the irrigated conditions in an experimental field of the Institute “Istiklal” of Andijan district of Andijan region. The aim of the given research is to study biological-farming efficiency and determination of optimal norms of preparation expenses and to study the influence of fungicide on the height and development as well as on the fertility of the wheat. The received data showed that the preparation Triazole 50% CS effected on the pathogen of yellow rust favorably and besides that it didn’t effect on seed growth and energy of growth negatively.

CRUCIBLE CSM 21

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Plastics Industry

Abstract CRUCIBLE CSM 21 is a high quality stainless mold steel for the plastics industry. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-620. Producer or source: Crucible Service Centers.

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