scholarly journals Pazopanib in Pulmonary Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: Report of a Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtihal Ahalli ◽  
Karima Oualla ◽  
Loubna Hejjane ◽  
Raihana Boujarnija ◽  
Kaouthar Messoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Vascular Tumor ◽  
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Pulmonary Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma ◽  
Grade Malignancy ◽  
Rare Malignancy ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (PEH) is a rare vascular tumor of borderline or low-grade malignancy, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the VEGF receptor were found on PEH tumor cells, suggesting that target therapies that block VEGFR have a logical base in this rare malignancy. We report a 25 years old woman with a pulmonary hemangioendothelioma, treated with pazopanib, the only anti angiogenic registered agent for sarcoma, with clinical improvement of symptoms and durable stabilization for more than two years of lung tumor.

Expression Profile of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR-3 in Different Grades of Endometrial Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1004-1010
Author(s):  
Marcin Oplawski ◽  
Konrad Dziobek ◽  
Nikola Zmarzły ◽  
Beniamin Grabarek ◽  
Tomasz Halski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Tumor Lymphangiogenesis ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, -D, and VEGF receptor-3 are proteins characterized as crucial for tumor lymphangiogenesis. It is accompanied by angiogenesis during wound healing, but also in the neoplastic process. The research studies have shown that the lymphatic system plays a key role in the progression of carcinogenesis. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 in different grades of endometrial cancer (G1-G3). Methods: The study included 45 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer (G1=17; G2=15; G3=13) and 15 patients without neoplastic changes. The expression of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR-3 was assessed using microarray technique and immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test. Results: Statistically significant changes in the expression at the transcriptome level were found only in the case of VEGF-C (G1 vs. C, fold change - FC = -1.15; G2 vs. C, FC = -2.33; G3 vs. C, FC = - 1.68). However, VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 were expressed at the protein level. Analysis of VEGF-D expression showed that the optical density of the reaction product in G1 reached 101.7, while the values in G2 and G3 were 142.7 and 184.4, respectively. For VEGF-R3, the optical density of the reaction product reached the following levels: 72 in control, 118.77 in G1, 145.8 in G2, and 170.9 in G3. Conclusion: : An increase in VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 levels may indicate that VEGF-D-dependent processes are intensified along with the dedifferentiation of tumor cells. The lack of VEGF-C expression in endometrial cancer samples may suggest that this tumor is characterized by a different mechanism of metastasis than EMT. Our study emphasizes that when analyzing the metastatic potential of cancer, the expression of more than one factor should be taken into account.

scholarly journals Lipid Raft Association Stabilizes VEGF Receptor 2 in Endothelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Ibukunoluwapo O. Zabroski ◽  
Matthew A. Nugent
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Lysosomal Degradation ◽  
Extracellular Signal ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

The binding of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) to VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) stimulates angiogenic signaling. Lipid rafts are cholesterol-dense regions of the plasma membrane that serve as an organizational platform for biomolecules. Although VEGFR2 has been shown to colocalize with lipid rafts to regulate its activation, the effect of lipid rafts on non-activated VEGFR2 has not been explored. Here, we characterized the involvement of lipid rafts in modulating the stability of non-activated VEGFR2 in endothelial cells using raft disrupting agents: methyl-β-cyclodextrin, sphingomyelinase and simvastatin. Disrupting lipid rafts selectively decreased the levels of non-activated VEGFR2 as a result of increased lysosomal degradation. The decreased expression of VEGFR2 translated to reduced VEGF-activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERK). Overall, our results indicate that lipid rafts stabilize VEGFR2 and its associated signal transduction activities required for angiogenesis. Thus, modulation of lipid rafts may provide a means to regulate the sensitivity of endothelial cells to VEGF stimulation. Indeed, the ability of simvastatin to down regulate VEGFR2 and inhibit VEGF activity suggest a potential mechanism underlying the observation that this drug improves outcomes in the treatment of certain cancers.

scholarly journals Perforation of the Small Intestine after Introduction of Lenvatinib in a Patient with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Suzuki ◽  
Kazuto Tajiri ◽  
Yuka Futsukaichi ◽  
Shinichi Tanaka ◽  
Aiko Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
First Line ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Line Standard

Lenvatinib is a first-line standard treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with better anti-tumor effects than sorafenib, as shown by greater inhibition of the kinases of fibroblast growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor. This report describes a patient with advanced HCC who experienced perforation of the small intestine 1 month after starting the treatment with lenvatinib. This patient likely had partial necrosis of a metastasis to the small intestine before starting lenvatinib treatment, with subsequent ischemic changes leading to perforation of the small intestine. Although metastasis of HCC to the small intestine is rare, patients with these metastases should be regarded as being at risk for perforation during lenvatinib treatment.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-C stimulates the lymphatic pump by a VEGF receptor-3-dependent mechanism

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. H709-H718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome W. Breslin ◽  
Nathalie Gaudreault ◽  
Katherine D. Watson ◽  
Rashell Reynoso ◽  
Sarah Y. Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Contraction Frequency ◽  
Pump Activity ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Arteriolar Diameter

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C plays an important role in lymphangiogenesis; however, functional responses of lymphatic vessels to VEGF-C have not been characterized. We tested the hypothesis that VEGF-C-induced activation of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-3 increases lymphatic pump output. We examined the in vivo pump activity of rat mesenteric collecting lymphatics using intravital microscopy during basal conditions and during treatment with 1 nM recombinant VEGF-C, the selective VEGFR-3 agonist VEGF-Cys156Ser mutation (C156S; 1 nM), or 0.1 nM VEGF-A. Their specific responses were also analyzed during selective inhibition of VEGFR-3 with MAZ-51. Contraction frequency, end-diastolic diameter, end-systolic diameter, stroke volume index, pump flow index, and ejection fraction were evaluated. We also assessed arteriolar diameter and microvascular extravasation of FITC-albumin. The results show that both VEGF-C and VEGF-C156S significantly increased contraction frequency, end-diastolic diameter, stroke volume index, and pump flow index in a time-dependent manner. VEGF-A caused a different response characterized by a significantly increased stroke volume after 30 min of treatment. MAZ-51 (5 μM) caused tonic constriction and decreased contraction frequency. In addition, 0.5 and 5 μM MAZ-51 attenuated VEGF-C- and VEGF-C156S-induced lymphatic pump activation. VEGF-A caused vasodilation of arterioles, whereas VEGF-C and VEGF-C156S did not significantly alter arteriolar diameter. Also, VEGF-A and VEGF-C caused increased microvascular permeability, whereas VEGF-C156S did not. Our results demonstrate that VEGF-C increases lymphatic pumping through VEGFR-3. Furthermore, changes in microvascular hemodynamics are not required for VEGFR-3-mediated changes in lymphatic pump activity.

Vasodilator effect and mechanism of action of vascular endothelial growth factor in skin vasculature

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. H946-H954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Ashrafpour ◽  
Ning Huang ◽  
Peter C. Neligan ◽  
Christopher R. Forrest ◽  
Patrick D. Addison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Flap ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Skin Flaps ◽  
Skin Perfusion ◽  
Potent Vasodilator ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
First Time

Various laboratories have reported that local subcutaneous or subdermal injection of VEGF165 at the time of surgery effectively attenuated ischemic necrosis in rat skin flaps, but the mechanism was not studied and enhanced angiogenesis was implicated. In the present study, we used the clinically relevant isolated perfused 6 × 16-cm pig buttock skin flap model to 1) test our hypothesis that VEGF165 is a potent vasodilator and acute VEGF165 treatment increases skin perfusion; and 2) investigate the mechanism of VEGF165-induced skin vasorelaxation. We observed that VEGF165 (5 × 10–16–5 × 10–11 M) elicited a concentration-dependent decrease in perfusion pressure (i.e., vasorelaxation) in skin flaps preconstricted with a submaximal concentration of norepinephrine (NE), endothelin-1, or U-46619. The VEGF165-induced skin vasorelaxation was confirmed using a dermofluorometry technique for assessment of skin perfusion. The vasorelaxation potency of VEGF165 in NE-preconstricted skin flaps (pD2 = 13.57 ± 0.31) was higher ( P < 0.05) than that of acetylcholine (pD2 = 7.08 ± 0.24). Human placental factor, a specific VEGF receptor-1 agonist, did not elicit any vasorelaxation effect. However, a specific antibody to VEGF receptor-2 (1 μg/ml) or a specific VEGF receptor-2 inhibitor (5 × 10–6 M SU-1498) blocked the vasorelaxation effect of VEGF165 in NE-preconstricted skin flaps. These observations indicate that the potent vasorelaxation effect of VEGF165 in the skin vasculature is initiated by the activation of VEGF receptor-2. Furthermore, using pharmacological probes, we observed that the postreceptor signaling pathways of VEGF165-induced skin vasorelaxation involved activation of phospholipase C and protein kinase C, an increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate activity, release of the intra-cellular Ca2+ store, and synthesis/release of endothelial nitric oxide, which predominantly triggered the effector mechanism of VEGF165-induced vasorelaxation. This information provides, for the first time, an important insight into the mechanism of VEGF165 protein or gene therapy in the prevention/treatment of ischemia in skin flap surgery and skin ischemic diseases.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-induced secretion of fibronectin is ERK dependent

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. L539-L545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altaf S. Kazi ◽  
Shidan Lotfi ◽  
Elena A. Goncharova ◽  
Omar Tliba ◽  
Yassine Amrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Airway Remodeling ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

In severe asthma, cytokines and growth factors contribute to the proliferation of smooth muscle cells and blood vessels, and to the increased extracellular matrix deposition that constitutes the process of airway remodeling. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which regulates vascular permeability and angiogenesis, also modulates the function of nonendothelial cell types. In this study, we demonstrate that VEGF induces fibronectin secretion by human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. In addition, stimulation of ASM with VEGF activates ERK, but not p38MAPK, and fibronectin secretion is ERK dependent. Both ERK activation and fibronectin secretion appear to be mediated through the VEGF receptor flt-1, as evidenced by the effects of the flt-1-specific ligand placenta growth factor. Finally, we demonstrate that ASM cells constitutively secrete VEGF, which is increased in response to PDGF, transforming growth factor-β, IL-1β, and PGE2. We conclude that ASM-derived VEGF, through modulation of the extracellular matrix, may play an important role in airway remodeling seen in asthma.

scholarly journals De-novo multilayering in fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Soman ◽  
Jay U. Sheth ◽  
Asmita Indurkar ◽  
Padmanabhan Meleth ◽  
Unnikrishnan Nair
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Pigment Epithelial Detachment ◽  
Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractThis study describes the occurrence of multilayered pigment-epithelial detachment (MLPED) as a De-novo phenomenon (DN-MLPED) and compare the features with multi-layering secondary to chronic anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy (s-MLPED). We did a retrospective evaluation of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) features, treatment-profile, and visual-acuity (VA) outcomes in eyes with MLPED. Out of 17 eyes with MLPED, 7 eyes had DN-MLPED and 10 eyes had s-MLPED. There was no significant difference in baseline and final VA between the groups. At the final visit, no significant visual improvement was noted in both the groups, although a possible trend towards an improvement was seen in DN-MLPED eyes while the s-MLPED demonstrated a declining trend (DN-MLPED—LogMAR-BCVA: Baseline = 0.79 [∼ 20/123] ± 0.91; Final = 0.76 [∼ 20/115] ± 0.73; p = 0.87; s-MLPED—LogMAR BCVA: Baseline = 0.43 [∼ 20/54] ± 0.68; Final = 0.94 [∼ 20/174] ± 0.71; p = 0.06). Moreover, after presentation, the median number of injections in DN-MLPED eyes were significantly lower compared to s-MLPED eyes (DN-MLPED:4; s-MLPED:12; p = 0.03) (Median follow-up: DN-MLPED = 26 months; s-MLPED = 54 months; p = 0.15). Subretinal hyperreflective-material (SHRM) deposition heralded the onset of multilayering and was seen to progress in all DN-PED eyes and 1/4 eyes of s-MLPED. To conclude, MLPED is a unique form of cicatrizing fibrovascular-PED which can evolve denovo too. Long-standing disease with intermittent or low-grade activity can potentially explain this unique phenomenon. With fewer anti-VEGF therapy, the de-novo MLPED eyes show more visual stability as compared to s-MLPED eyes.

scholarly journals Islet vascularization is regulated by primary endothelial cilia via VEGF-A-dependent signaling

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xiong ◽  
M Julia Scerbo ◽  
Anett Seelig ◽  
Francesco Volta ◽  
Nils O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Vegfr2 Signaling ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Islet vascularization is essential for intact islet function and glucose homeostasis. We have previously shown that primary cilia directly regulate insulin secretion. However, it remains unclear whether they are also implicated in islet vascularization. At eight weeks, murine Bbs4-/-islets show significantly lower intra-islet capillary density with enlarged diameters. Transplanted Bbs4-/- islets exhibit delayed re-vascularization and reduced vascular fenestration after engraftment, partially impairing vascular permeability and glucose delivery to β-cells. We identified primary cilia on endothelial cells as the underlying cause of this regulation, via the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathway. In vitro silencing of ciliary genes in endothelial cells disrupts VEGF-A/VEGFR2 internalization and downstream signaling. Consequently, key features of angiogenesis including proliferation and migration are attenuated in human BBS4 silenced endothelial cells. We conclude that endothelial cell primary cilia regulate islet vascularization and vascular barrier function via the VEGF-A/VEGFR2 signaling pathway.

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