scholarly journals PENYEMPURNAAN PENGENDALIAN TERPADU PENYAKIT TUNGRO DENGAN STRATEGI MENGHIDARI INFEKSI DAN PERGILIRAN VARIETAS TAHAN

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Burhanuddin ◽  
I Nyoman Widiarta
Keyword(s):  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Climate Anomaly ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Rice Tungro Disease ◽  
Fluctuation Pattern ◽  
Almost All

Refining integrated rice tungro disease management based on escaped strategy and varieties rotation. Rice tungro virus transmitted mainly by green leafhopper, N. virescens, infected rice in central rice  production in Indonesia. Tungro epidemic in South Sulawesi were succesfully controlled by integrating appropriate planting time and rotation of green leafhopper resistant varieties since 1973. Tungro was reported in 1998 after climate anomaly, caused by El-Nino and La-Nina. Pattern of green leafhopper population fluctuation and tungro disease incidence and green leafhopper adaptation to green leafhopper resistance variety were evaluated. The results showed that the fluctuation pattern of green leafhopper population in Lanrang which represents of areas  in Eastern Coarse of South Sulawesi  has changed. Green leafhopper colonies from endemic area in South Sulawesi were almost all well adapted to 4 groups of green leafhopper resistance varieties. Therefore it was suggested to adjust planting date and recommended to plant tungro virus resistance variety instead of green leafhopper resistance varieties.

scholarly journals VARIASI VIRULENSI VIRUS TUNGRO BERSUMBER DARI INOKULUM DI DAERAH ENDEMIS TUNGRO DI INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nyoman Widiarta ◽  
Syahrir Pakki
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Group Variety ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Rice Tungro Disease ◽  
Box Method ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Test Result

Variations in virulence of tungro viruses from various inoculum sources in tungro endemic areas in Indonesia. Rice tungro disease is caused by virus which is effectively transferred by the green leafhopper. Reactions of resistant varieties to virus sources of inocula from 15 tungro endemic areas were employed as indicator of variations of virus virulence. The green leafhopper of Sukamandi’s population was used as the vector and allowed to transfer viruses  acquired from tungro’s infected plants from 15 tungro endemic areas to five groups of virus resistant varieties based on parent source of resistance using free choice screening box method. The results showed that the most resistant variety was group V1-Tukad Petanu, followed by V4-Tukad Unda, V2-Tukad Balian and V3-Bondoyudo. Based on resistance test result group variety of V1-Tukad Petanu is recommended for 15 provinces source of incula except for Sulawesi Utara. Group variety of V4-Tukad Unda is not recommended to plant in Yogyakarta and Banten provinces. Group V2-Tukad Balian is not recommended to plant in Bali, Sulawesi Utara, Banten and Kalimantan Selatan provinces. Group V3-Bondoyudo is not recommended to plant in Jawa Tengah, Yogyakarta, and Banten provinces. There were variations in virus virulence among sources of inocula. Six virulence variants were identified, i.e. 001 (Jawa Barat, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, Jawa Timur, Lampung, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Papua), 011 (Jawa Tengah), 021 (Bali, Kalimantan Selatan), 051 (Yogyakarta), 071 (Banten) and 121 (Sulawesi Utara).

Tospovirus-Resistant Tomato Varieties for Southern Florida

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Wente ◽  
Samuel F. Hutton ◽  
Scott Adkins ◽  
William Turechek ◽  
Joseph E. Funderburk
Keyword(s):  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Southern Florida

Authors describe performance of Tospovirus-resistant tomato varieties under commercial production settings in Dade County, FL. Virus resistance has become important for this area since the emergence of two new tomato-infecting tospoviruses. Knowledge of availability and performance of resistant varieties will help growers who are looking for alternative varieties.

scholarly journals Pilonidal sinus disease on the rise: a one-third incidence increase in inpatients in 13 years with substantial regional variation in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Oetzmann von Sochaczewski ◽  
Jan Gödeke
Keyword(s):  
Pilonidal Sinus ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pilonidal Sinus Disease ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Purpose Collective evidence from single-centre studies suggests an increasing incidence of pilonidal sinus disease in the last decades, but population-based data is scarce. Methods We analysed administrative case–based principal diagnoses of pilonidal sinus disease and its surgical therapy between 2005 and 2017 in inpatients. Changes were addressed via linear regression. Results The mean rate of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease per 100,000 men increased from 43 in 2005 to 56 in 2017. In females, the mean rate of inpatient episodes per 100,000 women rose from 14 in 2005 to 18 in 2017. In the whole population, for every case per 100,000 females, there were 3.1 cases per 100,000 males, but the numbers were highly variable between the age groups. There was considerable regional variation within Germany. Rates of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease were increasing in almost all age groups and both sexes by almost a third. Surgery was dominated by excision of pilonidal sinus without reconstructive procedures, such as flaps, whose share was around 13% of all procedures, despite recommendations of the national guidelines to prefer flap procedures. Conclusion Rates of inpatient episodes of pilonidal sinus disease in Germany rose across almost all age groups and both sexes with relevant regional variation. The underlying causative factors are unknown. Thus, patient-centred research is necessary to explore them. This should also take cases into account that are solely treated office-based in order to obtain a full-spectrum view of pilonidal sinus disease incidence rates.

scholarly journals Otoritas dan Gerakan Keagamaan Daengguru: Studi Sejarah Islamisasi di Sulawesi Selatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-91
Author(s):  
Mustari Bosra
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Integration Pattern ◽  
System A ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Social ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Village ◽  
Central Level

This paper is about the Islamization movement of the kingdoms in South Sulawesi, sointegrated sara 'is into a social institution called pangadereng (Bugis) angadakkang (Makassar). To ensure the upholding of Islamic law, which has been integrated into the social system, a religious bureaucracy (Islam) known aswas formed sara '. The royal bureaucratic officials who handle this institution, from the central level to the village or village level are called parewa sara ', which in this study uses the term daengguru. This integration pattern was developed in almost all Islamic kingdoms in South Sulawesi. Adat has its own field and sharia controls its own field. One another should not disturb each other. When the King of Bone La Maddarremmeng was about to confront Islam and customs, he was opposed by all parties. When Arung Matowa Wajo declared a strong Islamization, he was also evicted from his position.

scholarly journals Screening of different plant extracts against leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum) of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Hossain ◽  
I Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Cercosporidium Personatum ◽  
Almost All

A study was undertaken to evaluate effectiveness of foliar spray with 33 plant extracts against leaf spot (Tikka) of groundnut caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum. Bavistin and BAU-Biofungicide were included in the experiment as checks and spray of plain water represented control. Almost all treatments gave considerable reduction in disease incidence and increase in growth parameters, pod and haulm yield compared to control. The most effective materials were Bavistin 50 WP, BAU-Biofungicide, leaf extract of neem, tomato, datura black, and datura white. The materials decreased spot number per leaf, defoliation per plant, incidence of leaf spot, and number of infected leaf per plant by 35.45 -60.07, 42.06-72.20, 51.97–63.58, and 38.33 to 46.89 % and increased pod yield and haulm yield by 64.37-111.41 and 32.35- 74.71 %, respectively. The materials may be recommended against the disease after economic analysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16976 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 491-503, September 2013

scholarly journals The Pressure of Fusarium Disease and Its Relation with Mycotoxins in The Wheat Grain and Malt

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Spanic ◽  
Zvonimir Zdunic ◽  
Georg Drezner ◽  
Bojan Sarkanj
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Type I ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Type I Resistance ◽  
One Year ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive wheat fungal diseases, causing yield loss, quality reduction, and accumulation of mycotoxins. The aim of this research was to summarize the occurrence of major Fusarium mycotoxins: deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), nivalenol (NIV), and zearalenone (ZEN) in two consecutive years to search the relationship between disease incidence and severity with mycotoxins found in control and inoculated grains and corresponding malt. In addition, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) in one-year research was measured. Tested wheat varieties showed infection scores of 3% (‘U1’ and ‘Sirban Prolifik’) to 79% (‘Golubica’) for Type I resistance evaluation. There were few moderately resistant varieties in view of their areas under the disease progress curve, which can be considered Type III resistance (‘Sirban Prolifik’ and ‘U1’). According to the data quantified by LC–MS/MS, DON decreased in infected malt in comparison to corresponding grain, while ZEN occurred only in infected malt samples. Both 3-AcDON and NIV increased in inoculated malt in comparison to corresponding grain, due to a combination of plant metabolism and de novo synthesis by molds during malting. Based on the results, we can draw a few conclusions: the resistance to Fusarium decreased quantified concentrations of DON; ZEN gets synthetized during malting; unregulated 3-AcDON and NIV increase during malting; more resistant varieties have converted DON to D3G more successfully. Modified mycotoxins should be also included to legislation, since they could be transformed back to the corresponding mycotoxins under food processing conditions or during digestion.

Relationships of brown planthopper resistance to tungro virus and grain characteristics in rice

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. V. Prasad ◽  
M. V. S. Sastry ◽  
J. R. K. Rao ◽  
A. Ghosh ◽  
Y. Kondala Rao
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Brown Planthopper Resistance

Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), is one of the most serious insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) throughout Asia. Introduction of resistant varieties could be an effective means of minimizing losses from the pest. Several hundred rice cultivars resistant to the pest have been identified and the genetics of resistance has been analysed. Studies have shown that the genes for resistance to brown planthopper, bph-4, and to green leafhopper, Glh-3, are linked (Sidhu & Khush, 1979). Ideka & Kaneda (1983) reported that bph-2 for brown planthopper resistance was linked with the gene d2 for dwarfness. The present study sought to ascertain relationships between resistance to brown planthopper and tungro virus and grain characteristics.

Effect of botanicals on the population dynamics ofNephotettix virescens, rice tungro disease incidence and yield of rice

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rajappan ◽  
C. Ushamalini ◽  
N. Subramanian ◽  
V. Narasimhan ◽  
A. Abdul Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Rice Tungro Disease

scholarly journals Bud rot disease of coconut in relation to endemic spots in Kerala state, India

CORD ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Rohini Iyer ROHINI IYER ◽  
A.R. Rasmi
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Random Survey

In India bud rot is quite common on the West and East Coast tracts. A random survey on   bud rot disease of coconut, caused by Phytophthora palmivora But.l, carried out in Kasaragod, Kannur and Calicut districts of Kerala revealed that, there is correlation between the disease incidence and the location of the palms. The disease   incidence was high in the hilly tracts when compared to that of the plains. Studies on the survival of P. palmivora propagules in nature revealed that the pathogen survives in the crown, soil and roots of healthy and diseased palms. However, the   percentage of survival was high in the endemic areas-Mandapam (Kasaragod District), Josegiri (Kannur Dist.) and Kuttiadi (Kozhikode Dist.), both in the case of diseased and healthy palms   compared to that of areas with lesser disease incidence. The temperature and humidity in the coconut growing tracts of hilly areas of Kasaragod, Kannur and Kozhikode districts are suitable for the survival of the pathogen in the crown during almost all months, resulting in the high frequency of disease incidence during monsoon season and continued infection up to January. Examination of the rain water collected from bud rot affected coconut gardens also indicated that the pathogen surviving in the crown debris can act as a source of inoculum, which spreads to the neighboring palms through rain splashes.  Based on the weather data   it is possible to predict the bud rot incidence well in advance.

scholarly journals Current status on coffee leaf rust (hemileia vastatrix) in sidama and gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ano Wariyo ◽  
Habtamu Gebreselassie ◽  
Wondmagegnehu Gerbatsedik ◽  
Kifle Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Coffee is the most important and second traded commodity next to oil in the world. In Ethiopia, coffee leaf rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix is one of the third most economically important diseases of Coffee Arabica. The current status of coffee leaf rust was intensively assessed and examined in 189 sample coffee farms from six districts across major coffee growing areas of the Southern Ethiopia. At each farm, ten randomly selected trees on a diagonal transect across the farm were assessed for disease incidence and severity. The survey data showed that coffee leaf rust was present in all assessed district varying in magnitude and extent of damage. The highest overall mean of rust incidence (38.6%) and severity (13.80%) was recorded at Dilla zuria while the lowest incidence (10.52%) and severity (1.38%) was at Yergachaffee district. The highest altitude range was obtained at Yergachaffee (1838-2056) while the lowest was at Dilla zuria (1434-1825) district. Overall mean severity and incidence result indicate that, there was statistical (p = 0.058 for severity, p = 0.044 for incidence) and negative correlation between intensity and altitude (severity, r= -0.80 and incidence, r= -0.82). The linear regression equation of severity and incidence obtained from the data was Y= -0.036X+73.16 and Y = -0.074X +158.9 (where Y= percentage CLR severity and incidence, respectively and X= altitude). This regression equation implies that, in higher elevation areas the rust intensity was low as compare to the lower elevation. Finally, the disease was remarkably increasing from time to time in all assessed coffee farms. Therefore, appropriate measurement like farmers’ awareness creation and training on how to control disease as well as appropriate agronomic managements has to be seriously undertaken. In addition, development of coffee leaf rust resistant varieties to southern Ethiopia through resistant breeding has to be set high priority.

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