ESTIMASI KANDUNGAN SERPIH (Vsh), POROSITAS EFEKTIF (∅e) DAN SATURASI AIR (Sw) UNTUK  MENGHITUNG CADANGAN HIDROKARBON PADA RESERVOAR LIMESTONE LAPANGAN “PRB” DI SUMATERA SELATAN MENGGUNAKAN DATA LOG DAN PETROFISIKA

Log and petrophysics data of research area are that located in South Sumatera Basin, exactly at formation Baturaja will be used for counting the hydrocarbon stock in research field. There are 3 the well datas prosessed to determine the prospect layer of hydrocarbon and estimate the hydrocarbon stock in the productive zone by using 1 petrophysic data from well PRB-3. In order to determine the productive zone of hydrocarbon, the first thing to do is to determine the petrophysics parameters. Parameters used is shale content, effective porosity and water saturation. The value of shale content on “PRB” field shows that reservoir is clean from shale minerals. But, based on the saturation of water, type hydrocarbon in reservoir it is natural gas. Based value of three parameters last, the field “PRB” having 6 zone productive hydrocarbon in each ecploratory wells. Then, determine zone net pay that had been determined by using the cut-off of shale content which is 8% it means hydrocarbon will be produced if the value of shale content under 8%, effective porosity is 5% it means hydrocarbon will be produced if the value of porosity of effective larger than 5% and water saturation is 70% it means that the value of water saturation on field “PRB” must be less than 70% that hydrocarbon can be produced. Average thickness of the net pay in well PRB-1 is 6.78 meter. In well PRB-2, the average thickness is 7.37 meter while in well PRB-3 it is 3,825 meter. The average thickness from those three wells is 3,005 meter. The mean effective porosity of those 3 wells is 8,1% and the mean water saturation is 27,2%. Gas volume formation factor (Bg) is 0,0226 bbl/SCF which the area width is 28 km2. Natural gas stock (OGIP) in this research area is 7,764 BSCF.

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ANALISIS SIFAT FISIS PADA RESERVOAR BATUPASIR MENGGUNAKAN METODE SEISMIK INVERSI IMPEDANSI AKUSTIK (AI) DAN MULTIATRIBUT PADA LAPANGAN “MNF” CEKUNGAN BONAPARTE

Jurnal Geofisika Eksplorasi ◽

10.23960/jge.v4i2.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 3-14

Author(s):

Muhammad Niko Febridon ◽

Bagus Sapto Mulyatno ◽

Egie Wijaksono

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Impedance ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Water Saturation ◽

Research Area ◽

Middle Part ◽

Research Field ◽

Inversion Method ◽

Linear Regression Method ◽

Southeastern Part ◽

Attribute Analysis

Analysis of the physical properties of the sandstone reservoir in this study was carried out using the acoustic impedance inversion method and seismic multi-attribute which was carried out at the Bonaparte Basin "MNF" Field. In this study, the acoustic impedance distribution is generated, and the acoustic impedance is derived to obtain a water saturation distribution map and the volume of the log property is predicted to predict pseudo gamma ray, density and porosity with multi-attribute analysis using linear regression method with step wise regression technique. From the results of well data crossplot analysis for sand-shale sensitivity analysis and inversion analysis on sandstones filled with hydrocarbon fluid obtained the acoustic impedance value is between 12,000 ft / s * g / cc - 27,000 ft / s*g / cc. In the Middle part around the NN-1, NN-3 and NN4 wells and the Southeastern part of the research area are prospect areas that have gamma ray values with a range of 5-70 API, density with a range of 2.1-2.3 gr / cc and porosity with a range of 18-23% and SW of 10-13% indicating that the hydrocarbon gas accumulated in the research field. The results of the multi-attributes and acoustic impedance show that the sandstones in this field are thight sandstones.

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Analisa Kesekatan Sesar dan Kompartemen Lapisan Berdasarkan Analisis Petrofisika dan Attribut Seismik pada Formasi Talang Akar, Sub Cekungan Jambi

Jurnal Offshore: Oil, Production Facilities and Renewable Energy ◽

10.30588/jo.v1i2.289 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Eko Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Water Saturation ◽

Research Area ◽

Effective Porosity ◽

Ratio Method ◽

Migration Route ◽

Average Value ◽

Average Water

Daerah penelitian terletak pada Sub Cekungan Jambi. Fokus utama dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan pendekatan mengenai stuktur yang berkembang di daerah penelitian yang dapat bersifat sebagai tempat akumulasi atau jalur migrasi dengan menggunakan metode SGR (Shale Gauge Ratio), rekonstrusi tektonik berdasarkan data seismik diharapkan dapat menjawab kompartemenisasi lapisan reservoar pada Formasi Talang Akar dan migrasi fluida hidrokarbon pada reservoar. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap sumur Alpha-1 dan Betha-1 terdapat lapisan prospek hidrokarbon yang merupakan lapisan Formasi Talang Akar. Pada Alpha-1 zona prospek berada pada kedalaman 1436,6–1456,6 m (TVDSS) diberi nama TAF 1 memiliki porositas efektif rata-rata 0,1281; saturasi air rata-rata 0,34 dengan nilai Rt rata-rata 1794 ohm m dan Rw 0,4 ohmm. Pada sumur Betha-1 zona prospek berada pada kedalaman 1448 m – 1456,5 m (TVDSS) dengan porositas efektif rata-rata pada zona ini 0,129; saturasi air rata-rata 0,586 dengan nilai Rt rata-rata 32,2 ohm m dan nilai Rw 0,9 ohmm. Sifat kesekatan sesar pada sesar yang dianalisa adalah leak dengan ratio SGR 15 %, serta lapisan yang tersesarkan merupakan lapisan reservoar dari Formasi Talang Akar yang sama. Pergerakan fluida hidrokarbon (migrasi) terjadi secara intraformasi (terjadi pada formasi yang sama).The research area is located in the Jambi Sub-Basin. The focus of this study was the structure in this sub basin, fault which can be a trap or migration route, which can defined using SGR (Shale Gauge Ratio) method. This study also resulted in reconstruction of the tectonics history to know the compartements between reservoir (Talang Akar Formation) and to know the migration of hydrocarbon. Based on the analysis of the well Alpha-1 and Betha-1, there is a layer of hydrocarbon prospects in Talang Akar Formation. At ALPHA 1, prospect zone at depth of 1436.6 to 1456.6 m (TVDSS) named TAF 1 has an average effective porosity 0.1281, the average water saturation of 0.34 with an average permeability in this zone is 20, Rt 62 mD with an average value of 1794 ohm m and Rw 0.4 ohmm. The Betha-1 wells prospects zone at depth of 1448–1456,5 m (TVDSS) with an average effective porosity in this zone is 0,129 average water saturation of 0,586, permeability 19,6 mD with an average value of Rt 32,2 ohm m and Rw value of 0.9 ohm m. The conclusion of fault seal in analysis that separated two layers is leaking with SGR ratio of 15%, as well as layers that faulted the reservoir layer of the same Talang Akar Formation. The movements of hydrocarbon as intraformation (in one formation migration).

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Like-for-like bibliometric substitutes for peer review: Advantages and limits of indicators calculated from the ep index

Research Evaluation ◽

10.1093/reseval/rvaa002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 215-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alonso Rodríguez-Navarro ◽

Ricardo Brito

Keyword(s):

Peer Review ◽

Research Area ◽

Research Field ◽

Global Distribution ◽

Evaluation Procedure ◽

Bibliometric Indicators ◽

Research Excellence Framework ◽

Research Areas ◽

The Mean ◽

Business And Management

Abstract The use of bibliometric indicators would simplify research assessments. The 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) is a peer review assessment of UK universities, whose results can be taken as benchmarks for bibliometric indicators. In this study, we use the REF results to investigate whether the ep index and a top percentile of most cited papers could substitute for peer review. The probability that a random university’s paper reaches a certain top percentile in the global distribution of papers is a power of the ep index, which can be calculated from the citation-based distribution of university’s papers in global top percentiles. Making use of the ep index in each university and research area, we calculated the ratios between the percentage of 4-star-rated outputs in REF and the percentages of papers in global top percentiles. Then, we fixed the assessment percentile so that the mean ratio between these two indicators across universities is 1.0. This method was applied to four units of assessment in REF: Chemistry, Economics and Econometrics joined to Business and Management Studies, and Physics. Some relevant deviations from the 1.0 ratio could be explained by the evaluation procedure in REF or by the characteristics of the research field; other deviations need specific studies by experts in the research area. These results indicate that in many research areas the substitution of a top percentile indicator for peer review is possible. However, this substitution cannot be made straightforwardly; more research is needed to establish the conditions of the bibliometric assessment.

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KARAKTERISASI RESERVOAR MELALUI ANALISIS PETROFISIKA BERDASARKAN DATA LOG SUMUR “TRD” FORMASI AIR BENAKAT

Jurnal Geofisika Eksplorasi ◽

10.23960/jge.v4i1.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 78-93

Author(s):

Beny Chasandra ◽

Ordas Dewanto ◽

Ni Putu Juniari

Keyword(s):

Water Saturation ◽

Research Area ◽

Well Log ◽

Petrophysical Analysis ◽

Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽

Average Porosity ◽

Data Log ◽

Productive Zone

The research area was located in South Sumatra Basin on Air Benakat Formation at South-East Jambi Province. The research conducted to know productive the interest zone by petrophysics analysis (volume shale water saturation, and porosity) and its characteristics by well-log. The lithology of TRD Well is sandstone with a few foraminifera. The interpretation based on the petrophysical analysis porosity of the 7th zone on TRD-10 is average 12,4%, saturation water 19,4% and volume shale 6,2%; the 7th zone on TRD-11 well is average porosity 16,2%, saturation water 41,3%, and volume shale 22%; the 11th zone on TRD-14 well is average porosity 33,2%, saturation water 21,2% and volume shale 1,2%; The 6th zone TRD-15 well, porosity 7,02%, saturation water 32,3% and volume shale 5,6%; On the TRD-17 well of the 7th zone is average the porosity 9,04%, saturation water 25,6% and volume shale 4,6%; and 4th zone of TRD-19 well, porosity 23,2% Saturation water 13,5% and volume shale 7,1%. The characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoir on TRD Wells have low water saturation is less than 50%, porosity more than 5% and volume shale less than 25%. From the result of petrophysics parameter value used as the indicator of the productive zone and interpreted that sand reservoir on well TRD has potentially for the reservoir zone with gas prospect.

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Diketopyrrolopyrrole Fluorescent Probes, Photophysical and Biological Applications

Chemosensors ◽

10.3390/chemosensors9030044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Muhammad Aminu Auwalu ◽

Shanshan Cheng

Keyword(s):

Quantum Yield ◽

Fluorescent Probes ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Tumor Therapy ◽

Research Area ◽

Research Field ◽

Review Article ◽

Biological Applications ◽

Chemistry Research ◽

Cancer Tumor

Biological applications of fluorescent probes are rapidly increasing in the supramolecular chemistry research field. Several organic dyes are being utilized currently in developing and advancing this attractive research area, of which diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) organic dyes show an exceptional photophysical features (high-fluorescence quantum yield (FQY), good photochemical and thermal stability) that are essential properties for biological applications. Great efforts have been made in recent years towards developing novel fluorescent DPPs by different chemists for such applications, and some positive results have been reported. As a result, this review article gives an account of the progress that has so far been made very recently, mainly within the last decade, in that we selectively focus on and discuss more from 2015 to present on some recent scholarly achievements of fluorescent DPPs: quantum yield, aggregation-induced emission (AIE), solid-state emission, bio-imaging, cancer/tumor therapy, mitochondria staining and some polymeric fluorescent DPPs. Finally, this review article highlights researchers working on luminescent DPPs and the future prospects in some key areas towards designing DPP-based fluorescent probes in order to boost their photophysical and biological applications more effectively.

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Clustering of Maxima: Spatial Dependencies among Heavy Rainfall in France

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-12-00836.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (20) ◽

pp. 7929-7937 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Elsa Bernard ◽

Philippe Naveau ◽

Mathieu Vrac ◽

Olivier Mestre

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Extreme Value Theory ◽

Heavy Rainfall ◽

Spatial Clustering ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Value Theory ◽

Research Field ◽

Multivariate Extreme Value Theory ◽

Spatial Dependencies ◽

The Mean

Abstract One of the main objectives of statistical climatology is to extract relevant information hidden in complex spatial–temporal climatological datasets. To identify spatial patterns, most well-known statistical techniques are based on the concept of intra- and intercluster variances (like the k-means algorithm or EOFs). As analyzing quantitative extremes like heavy rainfall has become more and more prevalent for climatologists and hydrologists during these last decades, finding spatial patterns with methods based on deviations from the mean (i.e., variances) may not be the most appropriate strategy in this context of studying such extremes. For practitioners, simple and fast clustering tools tailored for extremes have been lacking. A possible avenue to bridging this methodological gap resides in taking advantage of multivariate extreme value theory, a well-developed research field in probability, and to adapt it to the context of spatial clustering. In this paper, a novel algorithm based on this plan is proposed and studied. The approach is compared and discussed with respect to the classical k-means algorithm throughout the analysis of weekly maxima of hourly precipitation recorded in France (fall season, 92 stations, 1993–2011).

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Effects of a sudden increase in natural mortality of adults on a population of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z91-185 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 1314-1320 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

Ronald J. Brooks ◽

Gregory P. Brown ◽

David A. Galbraith

Keyword(s):

Clutch Size ◽

Research Area ◽

Effective Density ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

Chelydra Serpentina ◽

Density Dependent ◽

Snapping Turtles ◽

The Mean ◽

Clutch Mass

A northern population of snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) centred around Lake Sasajewun in the Wildlife Research Area in Algonquin Park, Ontario, has been studied and individually marked since 1972. From 1972 to 1985, annual mortality and survivorship of adult females had been estimated at 1 and 96.6%, respectively, and only six dead turtles were found. Lake Sasajewun's population of C. serpentina was estimated in 1978–1979 and 1984–1985 at 38 and 47 adults, respectively. From 1976 to 1987, total number of nests found in the study area remained fairly constant and there were no significant changes in mean clutch size, mean clutch mass, or mean egg mass. On the main nest site, recruitment from 1976 to 1987 was 1.15 (1.8%) new females per year. From 1987 to 1989, we found 34 dead adult snapping turtles in the Wildlife Research Area. Observations of freshly dead animals indicated that most were killed by otters (Lutra canadensis) during the turtles' winter hibernation. A few uninjured turtles also died of septicemia in early spring shortly after emerging from hibernation. The estimated number of adults in Lake Sasajewun was 31 in 1988–1989, and the minimum number of adult residents known to be alive in the lake dropped from 47 in 1986 to 16 in 1989. In 1986 and 1987, annual adult female survivorship was estimated at 80 and 55%, respectively, and estimated numbers of nesting females declined from 82 in 1986 to 71 and 55 in 1987 and 1988, respectively. The actual number of nests found declined by 38 and 20% over the same periods. Although no significant differences occurred in mean egg mass or mean clutch size between 1987 and 1989 and earlier years, the mean clutch mass in 1988 was larger than in 1977 or 1978. This difference appeared to be due to a gradual increase in the mean age and body size of breeding females rather than to density-dependent changes. Recruitment into the adult breeding female population in 1987–1989 remained less than two individuals per year. Hatchling survival and number of juveniles were low throughout the study. Our observations support the view that populations of species with high, stochastic juvenile mortality and long adult life spans may be decimated quickly by increased mortality of adult animals, particularly if numbers of juveniles and immigrants are low. Recovery of such populations should be very slow because of a lack of effective density-dependent response in reproduction and recruitment.

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Usability Methods and Attributes Reported in Usability Studies of Mobile Apps for Health Care Education: Protocol for a Scoping Review

JMIR Research Protocols ◽

10.2196/19072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e19072

Author(s):

Susanne Grødem Johnson ◽

Thomas Potrebny ◽

Lillebeth Larun ◽

Donna Ciliska ◽

Nina Rydland Olsen

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Mobile Apps ◽

Research Question ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Research Area ◽

Research Field ◽

Learning Technologies ◽

Health Care Education ◽

Care Education

Background E-learning technologies, including mobile apps, are used to a large extent in health care education. Mobile apps can provide extendable learning environments and motivate students for adaptive and collaborative learning outside the classroom context. Developers should design practical, effective, and easy-to-use mobile apps. Usability testing is an important part of app development in order to understand if apps meet the needs of users. Objective The aim of this study is to perform a scoping review of usability methods and attributes reported in usability studies of mobile apps for health care education. Methods The scoping review is guided by the methodological framework developed by Arksey & O’Malley and further developed by Levac et al and Kahlil et al. The stages we will follow are as follows: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting studies; (4) charting the data; and (5) summarizing and reporting the results. We have developed two research questions to meet the aim of the study, which are as follows: (1) What usability methods are used to evaluate the usability of mobile apps for health care education? and (2) What usability attributes are reported in the usability studies of mobile apps for health care education? We will apply a comprehensive search of the literature, including 10 databases, a reference search, and a search for grey literature. Two review authors will independently screen articles for eligibility. Results The initial electronic database searches were completed in March 2019. The literature search identified 14,297 unique references. Following title and abstract screening, the full texts of 369 records were obtained. The scoping review is expected to be completed in spring 2021. Conclusions We expect the overview of usability methods and attributes reported in usability studies of mobile apps for health care education to contribute to the knowledge base for researchers and developers. It will give an overview of the research field and provide researchers and developers with relevant and important information on the usability research area, including highlighting possible research gaps. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19072

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Multicriterial analysis of the accessibility of public transport stops in Cracow

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG ◽

10.4467/2543859xpkg.20.025.13127 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 32-41

Author(s):

Martin Bárta ◽

Tomas Masopust

Keyword(s):

Public Transport ◽

Multicriteria Analysis ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Research Area ◽

Transport Accessibility ◽

Synthetic Accessibility ◽

Comprehensive Picture ◽

The Mean ◽

The Individual ◽

The City

This study deals with the synthesis of selected attributes of public transport accessibility. The aim is to present a new method of multi-criteria analysis. As the research area, the city of Cracow has been chosen. The GTFS (General Transit Feed Specification) system has been used to obtain traffic data for buses and trams within the city‘s transport company (MPK Krakow). The analysis itself consists of 4 main accessibility indicators (walking time to each stop, number of lines, directions, and connections from each stop). The problem of exceeding the stops accessibility beyond the administrative border of Cracow has been solved by using a 500 m wide buffer zone around the city. To connect the individual layers of indicators into a multicriteria analysis, the Voronoi diagram function has been applied. The results of the method are presented in the form of synthetic maps of transport accessibility for each bus and tram stop in Cracow. Together with the synthetic accessibility maps, an index of a stop importance has been created as well, which consists of the sum of the mean percentages from 3 indicators (number of lines, directions, connections). The synthetic method used and acquired detailed values not only for the city of Cracow as a whole, but also its individual parts make it possible to provide a comprehensive picture of accessibility by public transport. This multicriteria analysis can also be extended for a comparative study of selected cities.

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Petrophysical Properties and Digenetic Evolution of Shuaiba Formation in Nasiriyah Oil Field, Southern Iraq

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2021.62.12.19 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4810-4818

Author(s):

Marwah H. Khudhair

Keyword(s):

Gamma Ray ◽

Water Saturation ◽

Middle Part ◽

Effective Porosity ◽

Oil Field ◽

Neutron Density ◽

Petrophysical Properties ◽

Secondary Porosity ◽

Primary Porosity ◽

Gamma Ray Log

Shuaiba Formation is a carbonate succession deposited within Aptian Sequences. This research deals with the petrophysical and reservoir characterizations characteristics of the interval of interest in five wells of the Nasiriyah oil field. The petrophysical properties were determined by using different types of well logs, such as electric logs (LLS, LLD, MFSL), porosity logs (neutron, density, sonic), as well as gamma ray log. The studied sequence was mostly affected by dolomitization, which changed the lithology of the formation to dolostone and enhanced the secondary porosity that replaced the primary porosity. Depending on gamma ray log response and the shale volume, the formation is classified into three zones. These zones are A, B, and C, each can be split into three rock intervals in respect to the bulk porosity measurements. The resulted porosity intervals are: (I) High to medium effective porosity, (II) High to medium inactive porosity, and (III) Low or non-porosity intervals. In relevance to porosity, resistivity, and water saturation points of view, there are two main reservoir horizon intervals within Shuaiba Formation. Both horizons appear in the middle part of the formation, being located within the wells Ns-1, 2, and 3. These intervals are attributed to high to medium effective porosity, low shale content, and high values of the deep resistivity logs. The second horizon appears clearly in Ns-2 well only.

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