scholarly journals Moisture deformation of concrete subjected to alkaline corrosion. Experimental results

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
A. N. Grishina ◽  
◽  
E. V. Korolev ◽  
A. V. Mikheev ◽  
V. A. Gladkikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
Deformation Kinetics ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Volumetric Deformation ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Concrete Coating ◽  
Alkaline Corrosion ◽  
Over Time

The authors present the results of the study of concrete core samples extracted from the concrete coating of the airfield that was exposed to alkaline corrosion. It is shown that by the nature of the volumetric deformation kinetics, concrete samples can be classified into three groups: samples mainly subjected to swelling; samples mainly subjected to shrinkage; samples that have a marked technogenic metasomatosis. The experimetal investigation results have confirmed the theoretical conclusions drawn on the base of the technogenic metasomatosis model. There have been revealed the facts of latent technogenic metasomatosis, confirming its prevalence in concrete products. The study of volumetric deformation of samples during their exposure to various media provides additional information for assessing the material`s durability: the ascertained deformation of the samples is the evidence of the exchange processes that will reduce the operation properties of the material with an intensity increasing over time.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Ultrasonic Description of Tumor Evolution

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4560
Author(s):  
Jerome Griffon ◽  
Delphine Buffello ◽  
Alain Giron ◽  
S. Lori Bridal ◽  
Michele Lamuraglia
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Over Time

Purpose: There is a clinical need to better non-invasively characterize the tumor microenvironment in order to reveal evidence of early tumor response to therapy and to better understand therapeutic response. The goals of this work are first to compare the sensitivity to modifications occurring during tumor growth for measurements of tumor volume, immunohistochemistry parameters, and emerging ultrasound parameters (Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) and dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS)), and secondly, to study the link between the different parameters. Methods: Five different groups of 9 to 10 BALB/c female mice with subcutaneous CT26 tumors were imaged using B-mode morphological imaging, SWE, and CEUS at different dates. Whole-slice immunohistological data stained for the nuclei, T lymphocytes, apoptosis, and vascular endothelium from these tumors were analyzed. Results: Tumor volume and three CEUS parameters (Time to Peak, Wash-In Rate, and Wash-Out Rate) significantly changed over time. The immunohistological parameters, CEUS parameters, and SWE parameters showed intracorrelation. Four immunohistological parameters (the number of T lymphocytes per mm2 and its standard deviation, the percentage area of apoptosis, and the colocalization of apoptosis and vascular endothelium) were correlated with the CEUS parameters (Time to Peak, Wash-In Rate, Wash-Out Rate, and Mean Transit Time). The SWE parameters were not correlated with the CEUS parameters nor with the immunohistological parameters. Conclusions: US imaging can provide additional information on tumoral changes. This could help to better explore the effect of therapies on tumor evolution, by studying the evolution of the parameters over time and by studying their correlations.

MNVPCS: Multinode Virtual-Point–Based Charging Scheme to Prolong the Lifetime of Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Hong-Yi Chang ◽  
Zih-Huan Hang ◽  
Yih-Jou Tzang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Mobile Wireless ◽  
Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks ◽  
Virtual Point ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Wireless-charging technology can utilize a mobile wireless charging vehicle (WCV) to rescue dying nodes by supplementing their remaining energy, and using WCVs in this way forms wireless rechargeable sensor networks (WRSNs). However, a WCV in a WRSN encounters several challenges, collectively called the optimized charging problem. This problem involves a set of sensor nodes randomly distributed on the ground for which the WCV must determine an appropriate travel path to charge the sensor nodes. Because these sensor nodes have different workloads, they exhibit different energy consumption profiles over time. Resolving the above-mentioned problem requires the determination of the priority of charging the sensor nodes based on the order in which they are expected to die and subsequently finding the most efficient path to charge the sensor nodes such that sensor death is avoided for as long as possible. Furthermore, the most efficient placement of the charging point needs to be considered when planning the charging path. To address this, the proposed multinode virtual point-based charging scheme (MNVPCS) considers both the planning of an efficient charging and the best location for the charging point. Experimental results show that MNVPCS can improve the lifetime of the entire WRSN and substantially outperform other methods on this measure.

Yet more on a stochastic economic model: part 2: initial conditions, select periods and neutralising parameters

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wilkie ◽  
Şule Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Tree Structure ◽  
Parallel Structure ◽  
Similar Model ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Working Set ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a number of practical and theoretical aspects of the Wilkie asset model, many of which apply to any similar model used for simulation over time. We discuss the experience of the Wilkie model since 2009. We then discuss the variables that can form the working set, the input set and the output set, all of which may be different. There are different ways of simulating, either in a linear parallel structure or in a branching tree structure. We then discuss the initial conditions required, which may be market conditions at some date, or may be “neutral” initial conditions, which may be defined in different ways. One method of generating initial conditions would be to simulate them randomly, from their own long-term distribution, and we show how to calculate the means, variances and covariances of these. What we call “neutralising parameters” may have a role, and we discuss how these may be found. Finally, we suggest using additional information in the first periods of the simulation to adjust the formulae or parameters for a limited “select period”.

Experimental Research and Analysis of Non-alloy Structural Steel Response Exposed to High Temperature Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
Josip Brnic ◽  
Goran Turkalj ◽  
Sanjin Krscanski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Charpy Impact Energy ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis paper presents and analyzes the responses of non-alloy structural steel (1.0044) subjected to uniaxial stresses at high temperatures. This research has two important determinants. The first one is determination of stress-strain dependence and the second is monitoring the behavior of materials subjected to a constant stress at constant temperature over time. Experimental results refer to mechanical properties, elastic modulus, total elongations, creep resistance and Charpy V-notch impact energy. Experimental results show that the tensile strength and yield strength of the considered material fall when the temperature rises over 523 K. Significant decrease in value is especially noticeable when the temperature rises over 723 K. In addition, engineering assessment of fracture toughness was made on the basis of Charpy impact energy. It is visible that when temperature raises then impact energy increases very slightly.

scholarly journals Neural User Response Generator: Fake News Detection with Collective User Intelligence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Qian ◽  
Chengyue Gong ◽  
Karishma Sharma ◽  
Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
News Article ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Word Level

Fake news on social media is a major challenge and studies have shown that fake news can propagate exponentially quickly in early stages. Therefore, we focus on early detection of fake news, and consider that only news article text is available at the time of detection, since additional information such as user responses and propagation patterns can be obtained only after the news spreads. However, we find historical user responses to previous articles are available and can be treated as soft semantic labels, that enrich the binary label of an article, by providing insights into why the article must be labeled as fake. We propose a novel Two-Level Convolutional Neural Network with User Response Generator (TCNN-URG) where TCNN captures semantic information from article text by representing it at the sentence and word level, and URG learns a generative model of user response to article text from historical user responses which it can use to generate responses to new articles in order to assist fake news detection. We conduct experiments on one available dataset and a larger dataset collected by ourselves. Experimental results show that TCNN-URG outperforms the baselines based on prior approaches that detect fake news from article text alone.

Optimization of Non-axisymmetric Endwall Contours for the Rotor of a Low Speed, 112-Stage Research Turbine With Unshrouded Blades—Optimization and Experimental Validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bergh ◽  
Glen Snedden ◽  
Dwain Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Measurement Plane ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Design And Practice

Abstract This paper presents the predicted, as well as final experimental results for the design of an automatically optimized non-axisymmetric endwall and as such, attempts to close the loop between design and practice, providing additional information to other groups involved in the design of endwall contours. The contours designed in this investigation were manufactured using the direct laser sintering rapid prototyping method and installed and tested in the low-speed, 112-stage turbine at the CSIR’s test turbine facility (TTF) in Pretoria, South Africa. Steady-state 5-hole pressure probe traverses were used to characterize the performance and flow profiles upstream, immediately downstream and in a quasi-“mixed-out” sense downstream of the rotor. In addition to the datum (annular) case, both the computed as well as experimental results were compared to the corresponding results generated for a “generically” contoured rotor which was originally designed for a linear cascade test case, but one which used the same blade profile to the current case. The results show that in general both sets of contours performed well, although the added emphasis on flow correction for the contours produced in this investigation resulted in slightly worse performance in terms of loss at the rotor exit (X3) but greatly improved performance in terms of the efficiency and flow angles at the “mixed-out” (X4) measurement plane.

Net Scantlings and Structural Reliability

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Boon
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Ship Structures ◽  
Failure Behaviour ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Realistic Description ◽  
Over Time

Vessel structures deteriorate over time. These ageing effects mean that ship strength and structural reliability diminish over time. In the past this was implicitly taken into account in the rules of classification societies. Today’s assessment of ship structures is based upon the use of first principles. This presupposes a realistic description of the deteriorated structure as well. Present rules mainly do this by reducing scantlings of plates and stiffeners by an assumed amount of uniformly distributed corrosion. Some experimental, phenomenological and analytic results are presented that illustrate failure behaviour of local and global ship structures quite different from that using net scanlings only. Typical aspects that play a role are non-uniform degradation, such as groove corrosion. Energy absorption may be the governing instead of ultimate strength as is normally assumed. It is shown that assessment of the reliability of aged ship structures requires additional information and analysis different from that normally performed today.

Adapting to survive

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-391
Author(s):  
Nikki van de Pol
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Semantic Expansion ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This paper traces the semantic development of the English absolute construction from Old to Present-day English on the basis of extensive corpus data. It is observed that the absolute construction developed from a solely adverbial, strictly subordinate construction into a construction with a much larger range of functions, including quasi-coordinate constructions whose ‘addition’ function comes close to that of and-coordinated finite clauses. This development involves an expansion of clausal status (from subordinate to anywhere between subordinate and quasi-coordinate) and a semantic expansion from typically adverbial meanings to any type of additional information. The process is claimed to have been facilitated by Middle English case loss and arguments for this facilitating role of case loss are adduced. It is then shown how these quasi-coordinate absolute constructions became more and more important as an absolute construction-function over time, as they were well-suited to the absolute construction’s high degree of syntactic independence. This evolution appears to have taken an opposite direction from the development of free adjuncts (Killie & Swann 2009: 339). This observation fits in well with the proposal that English ing-clauses form a network (Fonteyn & van de Pol 2015) in which each member maintains its own functional niche, rather than engaging in competition with one another.

Learned Behavior

2016 ◽  
pp. 94-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyne Forgette ◽  
Michael Katchabaw
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Virtual Characters ◽  
Learned Behavior ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

A key challenge in programming virtual environments is to produce virtual characters that are autonomous and capable of action selections that appear believable. In this chapter, motivations are used as a basis for learning using reinforcements. With motives driving the decisions of characters, their actions will appear less structured and repetitious, and more human in nature. This will also allow developers to easily create virtual characters with specific motivations, based mostly on their narrative purposes or roles in the virtual world. With minimum and maximum desirable motive values, the characters use reinforcement learning to drive action selection to maximize their rewards across all motives. Experimental results show that a character can learn to satisfy as many as four motives, even with significantly delayed rewards, and motive changes that are caused by other characters in the world. While the actions tested are simple in nature, they show the potential of a more complicated motivation driven reinforcement learning system. The developer need only define a character's motivations, and the character will learn to act realistically over time in the virtual environment.

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