scholarly journals Seed production characters and germination performance of reed canary grass in Finland

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SAHRAMAA ◽  
L. HÖMMÖ
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Reed Canary Grass ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

Production of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) seed in Finland may be of interest in the near future. Seed production characters of cultivars Palaton and Venture were studied between 1995 and 1998 at Jokioinen. Effects of harvest time on seed yield, thousand seed weight and seed germination were evaluated for 'Palaton'. Seed yield varied from 2 to 432 kg ha-1, being only 100 kg ha-1 on average. In the years of highest seed yields the optimum harvest time was 15 days after complete anthesis. At that time high seed yield was associated with a low proportion of shattered seeds and high thousand seed weight and good seed germination. In an additional experiment, the effect of storage temperature and storage time on seed germination were investigated for 'Venture'. Storage temperature had no significant influence on final germination, but warmer storage significantly speeded up germination rate as recorded after 7 days of germination. After 7 days the percentage of germinated seeds was also significantly higher for seeds stored for >10 months than with seeds stored for

scholarly journals Seed Production of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) under Danish Field Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
Shuxuan Jing ◽  
Birte Boelt
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight ◽  
High Seed Yield

High and stable seed yield is critical for red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production and the commercial exploitation of the crop. A three-year experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2015 under Danish field conditions to explore the influence of precipitation during peak flowering on the seed yield of three red clover cultivars. We investigated the flowering duration and intensity based on a visual scale assessment, seed yield, and thousand seed weight in all three experimental years. In 2014 and 2015 we measured the seed yield components of floret number per flower head, seed number per flower head, and seed set. During the experimental period, high seed yields of more than 1000 kg ha−1 were obtained for the diploid cultivars ‘Rajah’ and ‘Suez’. Although a relatively high seed yield of 500 kg ha−1 was obtained in the tetraploid cultivar ‘Amos’, this was only around half of the seed yield and seed set of the diploid cultivars. Precipitation during peak flowering positively influenced the seed yield and thousand seed weight for the three cultivars. We conclude that observations of flowering phenology are required to determine the impact of environmental conditions on seed yield in red clover cultivars. Further, adequate water supply during peak flowering is important to obtain the high seed yield of red clover.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing on Seed Yield, Yield Components and Seed Quality of Alfalfa

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Dragoljub Beković ◽  
Rade Stanisavljević ◽  
Milan Biberdžić ◽  
Slaviša Stojković ◽  
Jasmina Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

Under agro-environmental conditions of Southern Serbia, the re­search was conducted over a three-year period to evaluate the effect of row spacing on seed yield, yield components and seed quality of alfalfa cv. ’K-23’. The average seed yield of alfalfa was highest at a row spacing of 40 cm (271.7 kg ha-1), followed by row spacing of 20 cm (249.4 kg ha-1) and 60 cm (244.0 kg ha-1). The highest and lowest number of inflo­rescences per stem were obtained in rows spaced 60 cm (13.37 inflo­rescences/stem) and 20 cm apart (8.57 inflorescences/stem), respectively. The widest row spacing of 60 cm (7.15 pods / inflorescence) resulted in the highest number of pods per inflorescence, whereas the lowest number was produced at 20 cm spacing (5.50 pods / inflorescence). Grain number per pod ranged from 3.55 (at 20 cm row spacing) to 4.05 (at 60 cm). The highest quality of alfalfa seed during the three years of the research was obtained at the widest row spacing (60 cm). Thousand-seed weight was highest at 60 cm and lowest at 20 cm (1.97 g and 2.07 g, respectively). The highest average values for seed germination rate were reported for 60 cm row spa­cing (88.00%) and the lowest for 20 cm row spacing (85.76 %).

scholarly journals Improvement of Growth, Yield, Seed Production and Phytochemical Properties of Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad by Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2469
Author(s):  
Hasan Mumivand ◽  
Parisa Khanizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Morshedloo ◽  
Edyta Sierka ◽  
Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Distilled Water

Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad is a valuable and endemic medicinal plant. Boron and zinc are essential elements for the vegetative and reproductive growth of plants and have significant effects on yield, essential oil composition and the seed production of plants. To investigate the effects of the foliar application of zinc and boron on the growth, yield, seed production and phytochemical properties of S. khuzistanica, a study was conducted in a factorial experiment with three replicates in two consecutive years based on a randomized complete block design. The foliar application of boron (B) at three concentrations (control or distilled water, 0.4% and 0.8% as H3BO3) and zinc (Zn) at three concentrations (control or distilled water, 0.3% and 0.6% as ZnSO4) was carried out. Our results showed that the foliar application of B resulted in a significant increase in the fresh and dry weights of plants, the dry weight of stems, drug yield, seed yield, seed germination and 1000-seed weight. At the same time, the application of B resulted in a significant decrease in seed emptiness. The fresh and dry weights of plants, drug yield, seed yield, 1000-seed weight and seed germination were also significantly improved by Zn foliar spraying compared to the control. Application of 0.8% B resulted in a significant decrease in seed emptiness by 14.16% and 22.37%, as compared to the control. The foliar spraying of B and Zn improved the total phenolic content, the essential oil content and the yield and antioxidant activity of S. khuzistanica. Moreover, B application generally concentrated more carvacrol in the essential oil (in the first experimental year). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between Zn treatments in carvacrol content and total flavonoids. The use of several microelements, such as B and Zn, could improve both the quantity and quality of S. khuzistanica. Additionally, improvement of seed set and seed quality by the foliar spraying of Zn and B may be useful for growing plants in arid and semi-arid areas.

INFLUENCE DES CULTIVARS ET DES STADES DE PRÉLÈVEMENT DE LA PREMIÈRE POUSSE SUR LA PRODUCTION DE SEMENCE DE TRÈFLE ROUGE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCIUS BELZILE
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivar Group ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Clover Seed

For five years, the effect of cultivars and vegetative stage of cutting were measured on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed production. The first group of cultivars included Hungaropoli, Ottawa and Lakeland harvested in 1981 and 1982. The second group included Arlington, Florex and Prosper I harvested in 1984, 1985 and 1987. The total annual seed yield differed within cultivars and the highest seed yield was obtained with Hungaropoly and Florex. In the first cultivar group, the tetraploid Hungaropoly obtained a kernel weight higher than the diploids Lakeland and Ottawa. In the second group of cultivars, all diploids, Arlington yielded the highest kernel weight. The percentage of seed germination of Hungaropoly was higher than Lakeland and Ottawa while for Florex it was slightly higher than Arlington and Prosper I. A prior vegetative cutting is essential for good seed yield. In the absence of vegetative cutting seed weight seemed improved. The stage of development at which vegetative cutting is done has little influence on percentage seed germination. These results have shown that despite the strong effect of climatic conditions on seed production, the choice of the optimum stage for vegetative cutting and a well adapted cultivar are important aspects in successful seed production.Key words: Red clover, seed production, cultivar, stage of cutting

Is the flag leaf important in perennial ryegrass seed production?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
J.A.K. Trethewey ◽  
M.P. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

In cereals, the importance of the flag leaf for contributing carbohydrate during seed fill is well documented. However, in ryegrass this relationship is not so clear. This paper reports on an investigation of the effect on seed yield components of reduced photosynthetic capacity to the flag leaf, stem and head of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). The hypothesis was that reduced photosynthetic capacity of the flag leaf does not affect seed yield components in perennial ryegrass. Following flowering, photosynthetic capacity was reduced by defoliation or shading the flag leaf, stem, or head of individual tillers. Seed yield components were measured at harvest. Reduced photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to the flag leaf and stem did not affect thousand seed weight or seed yield when compared with control plants whereas reducing PAR to the head had a significant effect. The seed head itself may be more important than the flag leaf during seed fill, but when the seed head is shaded substantial re-mobilisation of stored carbohydrates can occur. Keywords: flag leaf, green leaf area, Lolium perenne, photosynthetically active radiation, seed fill, seed yield, thousand seed weight, water-soluble carbohydrates

Studies of seed production in two Austrodanthonia grass cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lodge
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
N Application ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Harvest

Studies were conducted in 1993–94 on 2 native grass cultivars, Austrodanthonia richardsonii (Link) H.P.�Linder (syn. Danthonia richardsonii Cashmore) cv. Taranna and A. bipartita (Link) H.P. Linder (syn. D. linkii Kunth) cv. Bunderra, to quantify the important morphological factors affecting seed production (as measured by seed weight, g/plant). Experiments also examined the influence of nitrogen (N) application and investigated the effects of time and method of harvest on seed production and subsequent germination. For both cultivars, inflorescence and floret number accounted for the highest proportion of the variation in seed production per plant (R2 = 0.873 and 0.686 for Taranna and Bunderra, respectively). Although N applied (0, 25, and 50 kg/ha) at the late vegetative or early flowering stage, or split applications at both times, had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the seed production per plant of Taranna and Bunderra, further studies of N effects are required. In 1993 and 1994, time of inflorescence harvest and method of harvest had no significant effect on inflorescence number and seed production of Taranna and Bunderra and no significant effect on the subsequent germination of Bunderra seed. However, in 1993, harvesting at an early stage of flowering (10% of florets white and fluffy) reduced Taranna seed production by 17% compared with the mean and decreased (P < 0.05) seed germination by about 10%. In 1994, harvesting at early flowering (5% florets white and fluffy) reduced Taranna seed production by a mean of around 55% compared with harvesting at 50% maturity, and subsequent seed germination was also lower (P < 0.05) for the early harvest time. Application of 1 L/ha of paraquat (a.i. 200 g/L of paraquat dichloride) at mid-flowering to desiccate the crop in 1993 had no significant effect on the germination of Taranna and Bunderra caryopses. The implications of these data for commercial seed production are discussed.

The effect of defoliation on seed production by capeweed (Arctotheca calendula)

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG McIvor ◽  
DF Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Individual Seed ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Two experiments were done in pots to assess the effect of defoliation at different times on the seed yield of capeweed (Arctotheca calendula). Yield components measured were: number of seedheads per plant, number of seeds per seedhead, number of seeds per plant, and weight of individual seeds. Of the components of yield, number of florets per seedhead and individual seed weight were maintained under all treatments; number of seedheads and number of seeds per seedhead were more affected by defoliation. Whether grown as spaced plants or in swards, leaf removal did not significantly reduce the number of seeds produced unless combined with bud and flower removal at late flowering only. The results are discussed in relation to the growth and persistence of capeweed in pastures.

scholarly journals Estimation of heterosis for yield-related traits for single cross and three-way cross hybrids of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wolko ◽  
Agnieszka Dobrzycka ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Iwona Bartkowiak-Broda
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Silique Length ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstract Rapeseed breeding programs are focused mainly on improving plant potential and seed yield. One of the ways to improve seed yield in oilseed rape is heterosis, which is hybrid vigor that results in a greater biomass, increased seed yield, and faster development. The purpose of this study was to estimate yield-related trait heterosis for single cross and three-way cross hybrids of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). A population of 60 doubled-haploid (DH) lines and two generations of hybrids were evaluated in field trials to assess six yield-related traits: plant height, number of branches per plant, number of siliques per plant, silique length, number of seeds per silique, and thousand seed weight. Heterosis effects for each trait were estimated by a comparison of the particular hybrid with: (1) the trait mean over both parents—mid-parent heterosis and (2) to the value of better parent—best-parent heterosis. Traits with clear positive heterosis and traits with varied heterosis were observed in this study. For the first group, we include plant height, silique length, and the number of seeds per silique—a large number of hybrids expressed significant positive heterosis for these traits, independent from the year of observations and the type of hybrid. For the second group, with varied heterosis, we can include the number of branches and siliques per plant and thousand seed weight. For these traits, hybrids exhibited both positive and negative significant heterosis, without a clear pattern for the years and types of hybrids.

scholarly journals Enrichment, quality, and productivity of soybean seeds with cobalt and molybdenum applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Dionatam Cortese ◽  
Clovis Pierozan Junior ◽  
Jilvana Barbara Walter ◽  
Diaine Cortese ◽  
Silas Maciel de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Mo Content ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

Abstract: Cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) are vital nutrients for biological fixation and nitrogen assimilation by soybean. This study aimed to evaluate the increase of Co and Mo contents in soybean seeds by leaf applications. The experiment was carried out in a seed production field in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme with three Co and Mo doses and three treatments (times). Each treatment consisted of two application times: R3+R5.1 (T1), R3+R5.4 (T2), and R5.1+R5.4 (T3). Doses were 0, 400, and 600 g.ha−1 of Mo and 0, 40, and 60 g.ha−1 of Co. No difference was observed for productivity, one thousand-seed weight, and germination. An interaction was observed between dose and application time in the Mo content. The application of 400 g ha−1 of Mo in T1 (R3+R5.1) provided a higher Mo content in the seeds (13.5 g.kg−1), which is 1350% higher when compared to the control. For Co, there was a difference only for doses, and the application of 40 or 60 g.ha−1 of Co increased seed nutrient content by 30%. Therefore, a higher enrichment of Co and Mo was observed in seeds with applications of 40 and 400 g.ha−1, respectively, applied in R3+R5.1.

Control of Several Perennial Weeds in Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) Grown for Seed

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lloyd Darwent ◽  
Leonard P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Crop Seed

In commercial fields of creeping red fescue, spring applications of sethoxydim at 500 g/ha and fluazifop-P at 250 g/ha consistently reduced the heading, and consequently the seed production, of foxtail barley and volunteer bromegrass by ≥90% without affecting crop seed yield, 100-seed wt or germination. The effectiveness of sethoxydim at 500 g/ha and fluazifop-P at 250 g/ha to reduce heading of grass weeds was not affected by tank mixing with metsulfuron at 4.5 g/ha but was reduced when tank mixed with either dicamba plus 2,4-D at 280 plus 560 g/ha or 2,4-D alone at 560 g/ha. Metsulfuron alone, or in tank mixtures with sethoxydim (500 g/ha) or fluazifop-P (250 g/ha), effectively controlled dandelion and volunteer alsike clover (probability of ≥80% control was 0.94 or more). Dicamba plus 2,4-D provided a similar level of volunteer alsike clover control but was less effective on dandelion, while 2,4-D was ineffective on both weeds. Treatments containing dicamba plus 2,4-D reduced crop seed yield and germination, and increased seed weight.

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