scholarly journals Uptake of soil P, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg and Ca by Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) induced by synthetic chelating agent

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Calcium Supply ◽  
The Stability

The effect of a synthetic chelating compound on the dry matter yield and the uptake of soil P, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg and Ca by Italian rye grass was studied in a pot experiment with three mineral soil samples irrigated with water or 0.001 M Na2-EDTA(dinatrium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) solution. The Na2-EDTA treatment seemed not to affect the quantity of the dry matter yields, but it affected markedly their chemical composition. Increased contents of P, Al and Fe were found in all the harvests. In two soil samples the P supply was improved by 35—45 %. The accumulation of Al, Fe and Mn induced by Na2-EDTA tended to be the more effective the greater the stability constant for the corresponding metal-EDTA chelate was. Thus, the iron uptake increased most intensively, i.e. by 217—458 %, and that of aluminium by 33—120 %. On the basis of the first two harvests the manganese absorption by the rye grass seemed to decrease probably due to the enormous accumulation of iron. The results also suggested that the addition of Na2-EDTA to the soil was not able essentially to affect the magnesium and calcium supply to the plants.

scholarly journals Effect of decreasing acidity on the extractability of inorganic soil phosphorus

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Anion Exchange Resin ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Soil P

The extractability of P by the water and anion exchange resin methods and reactions of soil inorganic P were investigated with seven acid mineral soil samples incubated with KOH solutions of various concentrations. The results were compared with the analytical data obtained from three soil samples incubated in a prolonged liming experiment. The resin extraction method proved more effective than the water extraction method. The amounts of P desorbed by both methods seemed to increase exponentially as the pH in the soil suspensions rose. The factors involved were discussed. On the basis of fractionation analyses P reacting to changes in the pH and participating in desorption processes was supposed to originate from secondary NH4F and NaOH soluble reserves. In general, as the acidity decreased NH4F-P increased at the expense of NaOH-P. In heavily limed gyttja soil also H2SO4-P increased. This was possibly induced by the precipitation of mobilized P as a Ca compound. The significance of pH in the extractability of soil P seemed somewhat to lessen as the amount of secondary P increased. The results were in accordance with the conception that liming improves the availability of inorganic P to plants and reduces the need for P fertilization. However, increasing of the soil pH involves the risk that P is more easily desorbed to the recipient water by the eroded soil material carried into the watercourse. Therefore, intensive liming is not recommendable close to the shoreline. Further, it should be taken into account that liming of lakes may also result in eutrophication as desorption of sedimentary inorganic P is enhanced.

scholarly journals Pb-phytoextraction by maize in a Pb-EDTA treated Oxisol

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fernando Faria Pereira ◽  
Cleide Aparecida de Abreu ◽  
Solange Romeiro ◽  
Ana Maria Magalhães Andrade Lagôa ◽  
Antônio Paz-González
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Visual Minteq ◽  
Saturation Extract ◽  
High Metal ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Plant Shoots ◽  
Very High

One of the most viable strategies to restore metal contaminated soils is the introduction of plants specialized in their accumulation or able to tolerate very high metal concentrations. This research evaluated: i. the maize as a Pb-accumulator plant; ii. the effects of EDTA-chelating agent for Pb-uptake by maize; iii. amending effect of EDTA on the soil Pb-availability using different extracts. Treatments consisted of Pb rates (100; 200; 350; 1,200 and 2,400 mg kg-1) applied to a Rhodic Hapludox in the form of Pb3(NO)2 with (0.5 g kg-1) and without EDTA. Lead concentrations were determined in maize plant shoots. Soil available Pb was obtained using DTPA, Mehlich-3 and saturation solutions methods. Ionic speciation in the soil solution was performed using the software Visual-Minteq. Although a low t value was found (t <0.70), Pb concentration were high (>1,500 mg kg-1 of Pb) in maize shoots regardless of EDTA addition. Maize plants treated with EDTA had lower dry matter yield, mainly due to toxic levels of Fe and Al of the Oxisol. All extracting solutions were effective to determine available Pb in soil samples, but the saturation extract is a more difficult and time consuming procedure. At low and medium Pb levels, the plants grew less on EDTA, therefore the phytoextration process was less efficient. The addition of EDTA to the soil is not recommended with the purpose of increasing Pb absorption by maize plants.

scholarly journals Biogas and Methane Yield from Rye Grass

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Vítěz ◽  
Tomáš Koutný ◽  
Milan Geršl ◽  
Jan Kudělka ◽  
Nuttakan Nitayapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Solids Content

Biogas production in the Czech Republic has expanded substantially, including marginal regions for maize cultivation. Therefore, there are increasingly sought materials that could partially replace maize silage, as a basic feedstock, while secure both biogas production and its quality.Two samples of rye grass (Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum) silage with different solids content 21% and 15% were measured for biogas and methane yield. Rye grass silage with solid content of 15% reached an average specific biogas yield 0.431 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter and an average specific methane yield 0.249 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter. Rye grass silage with solid content 21% reached an average specific biogas yield 0.654 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter and an average specific methane yield 0.399 m3·kg−1 of organic dry matter.

scholarly journals Chloride and sulphate solutions as extractants for soil P: III Effect of increasing sulphate concentration on P desorption 

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-369
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen ◽  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Constant Ionic Strength ◽  
Oxide Surfaces ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Sulphate Concentration ◽  
Extraction Power ◽  
P Desorption

The effect of increasing sulphate concentration on P desorption was studied in 102 mineral soil samples with: a) solutions of a constant ionic strength I=0.1 adjusted with KCI and b) 0.1 M and 0.033 M sulphate solutions of different ionic strengths. Further, the efficiency of chloride and sulphate solutions of equal anion concentration (0.1 M) was compared. At a constant ionic strength, P desorption was enhanced as the sulphate concentration of the extractant increased. Even despite a much higher ionic strength the extraction power of the K2SO4 solution was greater than that of the KCI solution of the same anion concentration. Comparison of the 0.1 M and 0.033 M K2SO4 solutions revealed in 53 soil samples the extractability of P to be depressed by an increase in sulphate concentration (and ionic strength). In 49 samples, on the contrary, the 0.1 M K2SO4 solution extracted equal or greater P amounts than did the 0.033 M K2SO4. It was observed that the lower the P coverage on the oxide surfaces in the soil was, the more obviously the promoting effect of increasing sulphate concentration overruled the depression induced by increasing ionic strength, and the more superior the K2SO4 solution was as compared to the KCI solution.

scholarly journals Chloride and sulphate solutions as extractants for soil P: II Dependence of the relative extraction power of chloride and sulphate solutions on some soil properties 

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Helinä Hartikainen ◽  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Extraction Power

The relative P extraction power of KCI and K2SO solutions of the same ionic strength was investigated in 102 mineral soil samples. By using the ratio of chloride soluble P to sulphate soluble P (”Cl-P”/”SO4-P”) instead of absolute differences it was possible to find out a more accurate relationship between soil properties and varying extraction efficiency of salt solutions. In the soils of low P intensity, the extractability ratio of P (”Cl-P’/”SO4-P”) seemed to decrease with an increase in the molar ratio of NH4F soluble P (CHANG and JACKSON’s method) to oxalate extractable Al, which indicates the improvement of the relative replacement power of sulphate. Conversely, in the samples of high or medium P intensity an increase in NH4F-P/AI had an opposite effect: the ratio ”Cl-P”/ √(”S04-P”) rather than ”Cl-P”/”SO4-P” was raised, suggesting a marked depression in the efficiency of sulphate. The superiority of sulphate, as compared to chloride, tended to be reduced also with increasing soil pH; the decrease seemed to be the greater the poorer the P status of the soil was. A theory explaining the variation in the relative extraction power of chloride and sulphate solutions was presented and the possible contributory influence of point of zero charge (pzc) was discussed.

Complexation of Iron with the Orally Active Decorporation Drug L1 (3-Hydroxy-1,2-Dimethyl-4-Pyridinone)

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Kline ◽  
C Orvig
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Potentiometric Titration ◽  
Stability Constants ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Glass Electrode ◽  
Simple Computer ◽  
Active Iron ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Orally Active

Abstract The stability constants for the Fe(III) complexes of the orally active iron decorporation drug L1 (3-hydroxy-1,2-dimethyl-4-pyridinone) have been determined by potentiometric titration [glass electrode, 25.0 degrees C, mu = 0.15 mol/L (isotonic) NaCl]. A simple computer model of blood plasma (citrate 100 mumol/L, transferrin 37 mumol/L) has been used to compare the Fe(III) binding efficacies in blood of L1 and the clinically used intravenously administered chelating agent deferoxamine.

Ascochyta desmazieresii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta desmazieresii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. DISEASE: Glume and leaf spot of Italian and perennial ryegrasses. At first leaf lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct red-purple margin. With time these enlarge, become irregular or elliptical, up to 5 mm long and distinctly visible on both sides of the leaves. Finally the centres of older lesions fade to fawn to straw yellow with numerous pycnidia immersed within the leaf tissue on both sides of the leaves but usually abundant pycnidia occur on the lower side. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, UK); N. America (USA, California, Oregon, Washington); S. America (Chile, Brazil). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; infection is presumably spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews. The fungus is also probably carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

Agronomic and environmental soil test phosphorus in manured and non-manured Manitoba soils

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kimaragamage ◽  
O O Akinremi ◽  
D. Flaten ◽  
J. Heard
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Bray 1 ◽  
Water Extractable

Quantitative relationships between soil test phosphorus (STP) methods are needed to guide P management especially in manured soils with high P. Our objectives were: (i) to compare amounts of P extracted by different methods; (ii) to develop and verify regression equations to convert results among methods; and (iii) to establish environmental P thresholds for different methods, in manured and non-manured soils of Manitoba. We analyzed 214 surface soil samples (0–15 cm), of which 51 had previous manure application. Agronomic STP methods were Olsen (O-P), Mehlich-3 (M3-P), Kelowna-1 (original; K1-P), Kelowna-2 (modified; K2-P), Kelowna-3 (modified; K3-P), Bray-1 (B1-P) and Miller and Axley (MA-P), while environmental STP methods were water extractable (W-P), Ca Cl2 extractable (Ca-P) and iron oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) methods. The different methods extracted different amounts of P, but were linearly correlated. For an O-P range of 0–30 mg kg-1, relationships between O-P and other STP were similar for manured and nonmanured soils, but the relationships diverged at higher O-P levels, indicating that one STP cannot be reliably converted to another using a single equation for manured and non-manured soils at environmentally critical P levels (0–100 mg kg-1 O-P). Suggested environmental soil P threshold ranges, in mg P kg-1, were 88–118 for O-P, 138–184 for K1-P, 108–143 for K2-P, 103–137 for K3-P, 96–128 for B1-P, 84–111 for MA-P, 15–20 for W-P, 5–8 for Ca-P and 85–111 for FeO-P. Key words: Phosphorus, soil test phosphorus, manured soils, non-manured soils, environmental threshold

scholarly journals DIFFERENT STABILITY METHODS FOR CULTIVAR RECOMMENDATION IN ELEPHANT-GRASS FOR ENERGY PURPOSES IN BRAZIL

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Brito da Silva ◽  
Rogerio Figueiredo Daher ◽  
Bruna Rafaela da Silva Menezes ◽  
Maria Lorraine Fonseca Oliveira ◽  
Maria do Socorro Bezerra Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Non Parametric

ABSTRACT The elephant-grass undergoes successive cutting and periodical evaluations that it possible to identify clones with high stability for dry matter production, which can be used for energy production. The present study was carried out to evaluate stability dry matter yield for different parametric and non-parametric methods in elephant grass genotypes for biomass production undergoes successive cutting in the agroclimatic conditions of the Norte Fluminense (RJ, Brazil). The variable measured in the 40 genotypes was dry matter yield (DMY) at 2009, 2010 and 2011 in a field study designed as randomized block design with two replicates. Each sample was grown in different environment condition. The stability methods tested were the Yates and Cochran’s, Plaisted and Peterson’s, Wricke’s ecovalence, Annicchiarico’s, Lin and Binns’ and Kang and Phan’s. Results indicated that cutting (E) and genotypes (G) influenced significantly on the performance of dry matter yield. The non-parametric stability methods were effective for the evaluation of stability in dry matter yield. Genotypes Mercker, Pinda-México, Mercker 86-México, Guaçu/IZ, Mercker Pinda, P-241-Piracicaba and Cubano Pinda were stable stability dry matter yield. Hence, there are genotypes may be exploited in future breeding programmes in order to improve productivity of upland elephant grass over environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document