scholarly journals Comparison of grass silage utilization by reindeer and sheep: 1. Palatability, feeding values and nutrient supply

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Balance Trials ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The utilization of silages prepared from grass at three different growth stages was studied with three adult reindeer and three adult sheep. Palatability, digestibility and nitrogen balance trials were performed according to the Latin-square design. As the different silages were similar in chemical composition and quality, the results are mainly expressed and discussed as the averages for all three. The intake of silage dry matter(DM) by the reindeer averaged 938 g/day and the intake by the sheep 1787g/day. These values corresponded to intakes of about 3.7kg and 7.1kg fresh silage, and 16g and 27g DM/kg liveweight, respectively. The total water consumption (water from feed + water drunk) for the reindeer was 5 g/kg DM eaten and for the sheep 3kg. The digestibility of the different silage constituents was similar in the reindeer and sheep, but the apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly (P

scholarly journals Replacing grass silage with pea-barley intercrop silage in the feeding of the dairy cow

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PURSIAINEN ◽  
M. TUORI
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Barley Silage

The effect of replacing wilted grass silage (GS) with pea-barley intercrop silage (PBS) on feed intake, diet digestibility and milk production was studied with 8 multiparous Ayrshire-cows in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Proportion of PBS was 0 (PBS0), 33 (PBS33), 67 (PBS67) or 100 (PBS100) % of silage dry matter (DM). The DM content was 559 and 255 g kg-1 for GS and PBS. Crude protein content was 131 and 170 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Pea-barley silage was more extensively fermented than GS with total fermentation acid content of 120 vs. 12 g kg-1 DM. Silage was fed for ad libitum intake and supplemented with on the average 13 kg concentrate per day. Silage DM intake was 9.2 (PBS0), 9.7 (PBS33), 9.0 (PBS67) and 7.1 (PBS100) kg per day (Pquadr. < 0.05). The energy corrected milk yield [30.3 (PBS0), 29.8 (PBS33), 30.3 (PBS67), 31.3 (PBS100) kg per day] was not significantly affected by the treatment. Milk protein concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to feeding PBS. It is concluded that PBS can replace up to two thirds of wilted, moderate quality GS in the feeding of dairy cows because in this experiment pure pea-barley silage reduced silage intake.

Effects of heat processing on digestible energy and other nutrient digestibilities of full-fat soybeans fed to weaner, grower and finisher pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno J. Marty ◽  
Eduardo R. Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Weaner Pigs ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The influence of different heat treatments for full-fat soybeans (FFSB) on digestible energy (DE) values and fecal nutrient digestibilities was studied using 180 castrated male Landrace pigs at three different growth stages: weaner (17.1 ± 0.2 kg), grower (32 ± 0.2 kg) and finisher (61.6 ± 0.3 kg). The soybean products used in weaner (30%), grower (25%) and finisher (20%) diets were soybean meal (SBM) or FFSB processed by either extrusion (Ex), jet sploding (Js), micronization (Mi) or roasting (Ro). Digestibilities were determined by total fecal collections during the last 7 d of each 12-d period. Dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibilities of FFSB were lower (P < 0.05) in weaner than in grower or finisher pigs, but DE values and apparent digestibilities of crude protein (CP) and ether extract were not influenced by growth stage. Extruded FFSB had a superior CP digestibility than the other soybean products (86.4 vs. 79.8, 79.8, 80.0 and 78.2% for Js, Mi, Ro and SBM, respectively), and it also had a higher DE value (21.0 vs. 20.0, 19.6, 18.5 and 16.6 MJ DE kg−1 DM, P < 0.05). Extrusion of FFSB was most beneficial for weaner pigs as this heat treatment resulted in higher (P < 0.05) CP (87.8 vs. 80.9, 80.8, 82.1 and 76.6% for Js, Mi, Ro and SBM, respectively) and NDF (76.2 vs. 62.7, 63.3, 61.9 and 53.8% for Js, Mi, Ro and SBM, respectively) digestibilities. The heat treatments did not influence the CP and NDF digestibilities during grower or finisher stages. The data suggested that extrusion of FFSB yielded superior DE values and CP digestibilities than other heat treatments. Key words: Full-fat soybean products, extrusion, digestibility, pigs

scholarly journals Response of silage intake and milk production to replacement of barley by barley fibre derived from integrated starch-ethanol process

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 711-721
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Hannele Ala-Seppälä ◽  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum

A duplicated 4 x 4 Latin Square experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a gradually increased level of barley fibre in the diet on ad libitum grass silage intake and milk production. Barley fibre is a fibrous ethanol-starch by-product (120 g crude protein, 550 g neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 120 g starch/kg dry matter (DM)). The four supplements, given at the rate of 6.5 kg/d on DM basis, were barley (B) and barley of which 333 g/kg (BF), 667 g/kg (FB) and 1000 g/kg (F) were replaced by barley fibre. In addition the cows were given 1 kg of rapeseed meal and 0.25 kg of mineral mixture. As the proportion of barley fibre in the diet increased there was a linear (P

scholarly journals Calidad nutricional de la planta de sorgo negro forrajero (Sorghum almum) para alimentación animal.

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ana Lorena Amador ◽  
Carlos Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The University ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The purpose of this study was to determine the phenological development and the nutritional quality of Sorghum almun during different growth stages. The seed was cultivated in the Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica. Eighteen kg of 88% germinal seed per hectare were planted. The first sample was taken 24 days after sprouting and every 14 days thereafter, up to 150 days. The production of biomass of the stems, leaves and ears of grain were measured and the amounts (content) of dry mater matter, crude protein, total ashes, neutral fiber and detergent acid, hemicellulosa, cellulose and lignin were determined. During the first 52 days of growth, the output of leaves was higher than that of stems. On the 57th day, a yield of 1395 kg of dry matter per hectare, 50% leaves and 50% stems, was estimated. The ears of grain appeared after 94 days, contributing 50kg per hectare of dry matter. The concentration of dry matter in the leaves was highest from the moment of sprouting to the 136th day. The content of crude protein in the leaves was always superior to that in the stems. In the leaves the crude protein diminished 16%-28% between the 38th and 150th day of growth. In the same period, the crude protein in the stem diminished 5%-18%, and in the whole plant 8%-26%. The neutral fiber and detergent acid in the leaves and the stems were less than 60% during the first two months of growth and more than 70% in the latter period.

Energy balance of lactating cows given diets of grass silage and whole crop wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
S.B.Cammell ◽  
J.D.Sutton ◽  
D.J.Humphries ◽  
R.H.Phipps ◽  
D.E.Beever
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

A previous experiment (Sutton, Abdalla, Phipps, Cammell and Humphries, 1995) showed that low digestibility is a major cause of the poor utilisation of urea-treated whole crop wheat (WCW) by lactating cows. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine energy balance in more detail by means of indirect calorimetry.Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered diets based on spring wheat (cv Axona), harvested on 11 August at 603 g dry matter (DM)/kg and preserved with 20 or 40 g urea/kgDM (WCW-20, WCW-40), and first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS). For GS, WCW-20 and WCW-40 respectively, DM was 213, 801 and 712 g/kg; crude protein (CP) 124, 163 and 171 g/kg DM; ammonia-N 3.1, 4.6 and 7.6 g/kg DM; pH 3.9, 6.7 and 7.2. The cows were offered four diets in a 4 X 4 latin square with 4-week periods starting 10 weeks after calving. In week 4 of each period urine and faeces were collected for 6 days and gas exchange was measured for 3 days in respiration chambers.

Energy balance of lactating cows given diets of grass silage and whole crop wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 45-45
Author(s):  
S.B.Cammell ◽  
J.D.Sutton ◽  
D.J.Humphries ◽  
R.H.Phipps ◽  
D.E.Beever
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

A previous experiment (Sutton, Abdalla, Phipps, Cammell and Humphries, 1995) showed that low digestibility is a major cause of the poor utilisation of urea-treated whole crop wheat (WCW) by lactating cows. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine energy balance in more detail by means of indirect calorimetry.Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered diets based on spring wheat (cv Axona), harvested on 11 August at 603 g dry matter (DM)/kg and preserved with 20 or 40 g urea/kgDM (WCW-20, WCW-40), and first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS). For GS, WCW-20 and WCW-40 respectively, DM was 213, 801 and 712 g/kg; crude protein (CP) 124, 163 and 171 g/kg DM; ammonia-N 3.1, 4.6 and 7.6 g/kg DM; pH 3.9, 6.7 and 7.2. The cows were offered four diets in a 4 X 4 latin square with 4-week periods starting 10 weeks after calving. In week 4 of each period urine and faeces were collected for 6 days and gas exchange was measured for 3 days in respiration chambers.

Supplementation of grazing dairy cows with a brewers grains/treated straw mixture

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 46-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Leaver ◽  
R.C. Campling
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows ◽  
Similar Cost ◽  
Friesian Cows

Supplementary feeding of grazing dairy cows is often uneconomic, and whilst supplementation with silage (buffer feeding) can be worthwhile, this often leads to a depletion of winter forage stores. In this study, a mixture of brewers grains and treated straw was used as a supplement. Offered as a 1:1 mixture in the dry matter (DM), it is a purchased substitute for grass silage, having a similar cost, and similar metabolisable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) contents. The high seasonality adjustments to milk price in mid-late season make supplementation potentially worthwhile.Experiments were carried out from April to September in 1988 and 1989, which had moderate and very low rainfall respectively. Each year 20 British Friesian cows which calved December to March (1988 experiment) and February-April (1989) were allocated at random to either treatment B or C. In B, the cows were offered a 1:1 mixture (DM basis) of brewers grains and NaOH treated chopped barley straw for 60 minutes after morning milking. In C, the cows received no supplement. Both groups were fed 1.0 kg/day of concentrates in the milking parlour. Due to the severe drought in 1989, concentrate feeding was increased to 5.0 kg/day for all cows during the last 4 weeks of the experiment. Also, urea-treated whole crop wheat was fed at a level of 2.5 kg DM/day during the last 7 days.

EFFECTS OF LYSINE INFUSION PER ABOMASUM OF STEERS FED CONTINUOUSLY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BOILA ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms

Four dairy steers were allotted to four lysine infusion levels in a 4 × 4 latin square design and fed an 11.5% crude protein (90% dry matter (DM)) diet continuously (10-min intervals every 24 hr). Lysine hydrochloride equivalent to 0.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 g lysine per day was infused per abomasum. When 9 g lysine were infused per day, the percent of absorbed nitrogen (N) retained was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced; urinary N excretion as a percentage of N intake and plasma-free lysine were increased significantly compared with the other three infusion treatments. The infusion of 9 g lysine per day apparently exceeded the body tissue requirements for this amino acid and the excess N was excreted in the urine. A possibility of lysine being limiting (0.28% lysine of a 100% DM diet) was apparently offset by the synthesis of lysine by rumen microorganisms, which increased the dietary lysine two- to threefold. Increased levels of infused lysine did not result in a linear increase of lysine in the abomasum. With 3 g per day lysine infusion rumen ammonia and N retentions were high. However, a smaller amount of N reached the abomasum with steers on this treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of using inoculant on elephant grass silage with additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e50533
Author(s):  
Ana Rebeca Pires da Silva ◽  
Fabio Jacobs Dias ◽  
João Paulo Ferreira Rufino ◽  
Ewerton de Souza Tanaka ◽  
Maycom Marinho Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Production

This study aimed to evaluate the use of inoculant on silage of elephant grass, wet brewery waste and buriti meal at different silo opening times. The experimental silage tested was composed of 50% elephant grass, 30% wet brewery waste, and 20% buriti meal. The experimental design was randomized block in a factorial arrangement (2 x 4), where the treatments consisted of the use or not of inoculant during silage processing, and four silo opening times (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Data collected were firstly subjected to ANOVA and subsequent Tukey’s test. Results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. The use of inoculant in silage production provided more acidic pH (p < 0.05) and higher (p < 0.05) effluent losses. Longer silo opening times resulted in more alkaline pH (p < 0.05) and higher (p < 0.05) effluent losses. The use of inoculant in silage production and longer silo opening times provided higher (p < 0.05) content of ash, crude protein, and fats, and lower (p < 0.05) content of dry matter and fiber (neutral and acid detergent). However, there was no interaction between the factors evaluated in this study. It was concluded that the inoculant may be used in the production of elephant grass silages, wet brewery waste, and buriti meal, providing a more acidic pH, higher effluent losses, lower contents of dry matter and fiber, and higher nutritional content. As the opening time was extended up to 28 days, there was more alkaline pH, higher effluent losses, lower dry matter and fiber content, and higher nutritional content.

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