scholarly journals Nutritive value of Eurolysine bacterial protein and Pekilo protein for growing pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Balance Trials ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Digestibility and balance trials were performed with six growing pigs, to evaluate the nutritive value and protein utilization of Eurolysine bacterial protein and Pekilo protein used to replace 50 % or 100 % of soybean supplement in a barley-based diet. Eurolysine had a high content of crude protein, 67.8 % of DM, and was rich in lysine, 8.3 g/16 N, and the corresponding values for Pekilo were 49.5 % and 5,5 g/16 g N. The diets containing Eurolysine had lower digestibilities than those with Pekilo or soybean meal. With Eurolysine the digestibility values for crude protein, ether extract and N-free extract (NFE) were, respectively, 64.3 %, 35.4 % and 76.5 %, and with Pekilo 74.8 %, 28.5 % and 79.4 %. The feed values for Eurolysine were 0.82 FU/kg, 509 g DCP/kg and 12.0 MJ ME/kg DM, and those for Pekilo 0.90 FU/kg, 409 g DCP/kg and 12.6 MJ ME/kg DM. The urinary nitrogen excretion was lower with Eurolysine than with the other supplements, and the nitrogen retention and the biological values were higher (P < 0.05). Eurolysine is well suited as a protein supplement in pig feeding because of its high content of lysine. Combined with barley the protein in Eurolysine gave a high biological value.

Effect of starch on the utilization by sheep of a straw diet supplemented with urea and minerals

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Mulholland ◽  
JB Coombe ◽  
WR McManus
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Individually penned Border Leicester x Merino wethers, aged 11 months, were fed ad lib. for 16 weeks on a basal ration of ground, pelleted oat straw, urea and minerals, supplemented with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 40% starch. The diets contained equal percentages of nitrogen and minerals. Dry matter intake reached a maximum of 2000 g/day with 30% starch; above this starch level, digestive disturbances were observed. Organic matter digestibility was increased by the addition of starch, but cellulose digestibility was depressed by as much as 18 units with the addition of 30% starch. Up to 10% the starch level had little effect on cellulose digestibility. Liveweight change was significantly correlated with digestible organic matter intake, mean daily weight gains varying from 22 g with no starch to 104 g with 30% starch. However, a large percentage of the liveweight gain was as total body water, and body energy storage increased appreciably only when the diet contained at least 20% starch. The inclusion of 5% starch slightly depressed both intake and liveweight gain. Daily clean wool production was significantly increased at starch levels higher than 20% and ranged from 5.3 to 7.5 g/day with 0 and 40% starch respectively. Increasing levels of starch had little effect on apparent nitrogen digestibility, but resulted in a substantial increase in nitrogen retention through a reduction in urinary nitrogen excretion. Serum urea levels fell from a mean of 42 mg/100 ml during the first week to 31 mg/100 ml during subsequent periods, with no significant differences between diets. With the general exception of potassium, mineral balances were positive or close to zero throughout the experiment.

The effect of ERDP:FME ratio and DUP supply from concentrates on the performance of lactating ewes offered grazed grass

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
J. Powles ◽  
C.M. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Degradable Protein

Fresh grass is a highly variable product, which is generally characterised as having a high crude protein content, with a high rate and extent of degradation in the rumen. For lactating ruminants, this may result in an effective rumen degradable protein: fermentable metabolisable energy (ERDP:FME) ratio in excess of the optimum requirement for microbial growth, leading to inefficient nitrogen utilisation and high levels of urinary nitrogen excretion. One method of improving the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation is the use of supplements. An appropriate supplement should optimise ERDP and FME supply to the rumen and provide sufficient metabolisable protein (MP) to balance animal requirements. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the response of lactating ewes offered grazed grass to variations in ERDP:FME ratio and digestible undegradable protein (DUP) supply from concentrate supplements.

Effect of abomasal infusions of methionine, casein, and starch plus methionine on the wool production of Merino wethers fed on lucerne or wheaten chaff

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Dove ◽  
GE Robards
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Merino wethers received daily abomasal infusions of (a) 2.6 g DL-methionine, (b) 80 g casein protein or (c) 2.6 g DL-methionine plus 87 g maize starch, while consuming either lucerne chaff or wheaten chaff. Responses in wool growth, nitrogen metabolism and body weight were measured. Sheep fed on lucerne chaff had a higher urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention than those fed on wheaten chaff regardless of the presence or type of infusion. The infusion of methionine did not markedly alter these parameters from their original levels on either diet. On both diets, casein infusion led to increased urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention. Compared with sheep given starch plus methionine infusions, those given casein had higher urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention. Changes in fleece-free body weight gain followed a similar pattern. There were no pronounced differences in faecal nitrogen excretion. Regardless of the presence or type of infusion, sheep fed on lucerne grew more wool than those on wheaten chaff. On both diets, all infusions were accompanied by higher wool growths than on the basal diet alone. The effect of the casein infusion, compared with methionine infusion, was apparent only in sheep on wheaten chaff. Wool growth rates in sheep infused with starch plus methionine were not higher than the rates in the same sheep infused with methionine alone. The results suggest that the wool production of sheep will show a greater response to abomasal supplements of sulphur amino acids or casein if they are consuming a high quality diet such as lucerne chaff, compared with a low quality diet such as wheaten chaff. The apparent failure of starch infusion to stimulate wool growth above the level obtained with methionine infusions alone is discussed in relation to the interaction of protein and energy in the growth of wool.

Response of Yankasa sheep to various lengths of water deprivation

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Umunna ◽  
C. N. Chineme ◽  
D. I. Saror ◽  
A. Ahmed ◽  
S. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Severe Dehydration ◽  
Metabolism Study ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

SUMMARYThe effects of various lengths of water deprivation were studied with Yankasa sheep fed either a high roughage or a high concentrate diet in two experiments. Water was given once in 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Free water intake decreased linearly (P < 0·01) as the period of water deprivation increased but feed intake was not similarly affected. There was a marked decrease in live-weight gain and consequently a decline in feed efficiency (kg gain/kg feed). In the metabolism study, there was a tendency towards reduced mean faecal and urinary nitrogen excretion, faecal moisture content and increased mean nitrogen retention and nitrogen and dry-matter digestibilities as the period of deprivation increased. Rams given water once in 72 and 96 h were very inactive and dull and one and three rams respectively, died of severe dehydration from those treatments in Expt 2.

The nutrition of the early-weaned calf. X. The effect of replacement of fish meal with either urea or ammonium acetate on growth rate and nitrogen retention in calves fed ad libitum

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
G. McKiddie ◽  
Euphemia B. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Trial ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. A growth trial and nitrogen balance studies were carried out on 32 early-weaned calves fed on a basal diet containing fish meal or diets in which the fish meal nitrogen was partially replaced by urea or ammonium acetate or totally replaced by urea.2. Growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were highest on the fish meal diet and fell as urea replaced the fish meal.3. Rumen ammonia levels and urinary nitrogen excretion were highest, and nitrogen retention lowest, in the calves receiving the diet in which fish meal nitrogen was completely replaced by urea nitrogen.

The effect of ERDP:FME ratio and DUP supply from concentrates on the performance of lactating ewes offered grazed grass

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
R.G. Wilkinson ◽  
L.A. Sinclair ◽  
J. Powles ◽  
C.M. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Degradable Protein

Fresh grass is a highly variable product, which is generally characterised as having a high crude protein content, with a high rate and extent of degradation in the rumen. For lactating ruminants, this may result in an effective rumen degradable protein: fermentable metabolisable energy (ERDP:FME) ratio in excess of the optimum requirement for microbial growth, leading to inefficient nitrogen utilisation and high levels of urinary nitrogen excretion. One method of improving the efficiency of nitrogen utilisation is the use of supplements. An appropriate supplement should optimise ERDP and FME supply to the rumen and provide sufficient metabolisable protein (MP) to balance animal requirements. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the response of lactating ewes offered grazed grass to variations in ERDP:FME ratio and digestible undegradable protein (DUP) supply from concentrate supplements.

scholarly journals Reduction of crude protein in diets fed to lactating Holstein-Gyr cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-865
Author(s):  
Clóvis Ribeiro Guimarães ◽  
Rafael Alves de Azevedo ◽  
Mariana Magalhães Campos ◽  
Fernanda Samarini Machado ◽  
Alexandre Mendonça Pedroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of reducing crude protein (CP) contents in diets with a constant metabolizable protein content on the intake, performance, nitrogen balance, and nutrient digestibility of lactating Holstein-Gyr cows. Animals (n = 24, 103±23 days in milk) were allocated to four treatments (n = 6 per group) with different CP contents: 127, 132, 139, and 156 g kg-1 dry matter (DM). DM intake was not affected by treatments. CP intake and digestibility increased linearly with higher CP contents. Milk yield (23.7±3 kg per day) and the percentages of milk protein (3.3±0.2%) and fat (3.8±0.5%) were not affected by CP reduction. Milk and blood urea nitrogen increased linearly with the increase of CP in the diet, similarly to urinary nitrogen excretion. Nitrogen use efficiency was 29.8 and 22.4% when CP was 127 and 156 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Reducing CP in diets fed to mid-lactating Holstein-Gyr cows increases nitrogen use efficiency and maintains the productive performance of the cows.

scholarly journals Urea Utilization by Cattle as Influenced by Casein

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
N. N. Umunna ◽  
W. R. Woods ◽  
T. J. Klopfenstein
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Metabolism Study ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

THE influence of casein on urea-nitrogen utilization by cattle was investigated in two studies. In a fattening study, the inclusion of casein to a soybean meal (SBM) or urea-supplemented ration depressed both average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (P<.05}. Casein addition, on the other hand, significantly (P <.05 increased rumen :ammonia concentration. The second and metabolism study involved the use of identical rations as in the fattening study. Cattle fed rations with casein did not show any significant decrease in nitrogen retention as compared to cattle fed rations without casein. However, there was a non-significant drop in nitrogen retention, and an increase in urinary nitrogen excretion attributable to casein. Ruminal histamine observed for steers on the fattening study was higher than that noted for steers on the metabolism study. Part of the poor performance of steers on the casein diets could be attributed to the higher urinary nitrogen excreted and the elevated ruminal histamine levels observed.

Studies on marsupial nutrition. VI. The utilization of dietry urea by the Euro or Hill Kangaroo, Macropus robustus (Gould)

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Macropod marsupials, the kangaroos and wallabies, are characterized by a ruminant-like digestive physiology. One feature of digestion in eutherian species of ruminants is the ability of these animals to utilize non-protein nitrogen through the conversion of such nitrogen to microbial protein by the microorganisms in the rumen. In the present experiments with the euro or hill kangaroo (M. robustus), the utilization of dietary protein (casein) and non-protein nitrogen (urea) has been compared by means of nitrogen balance feeding trials. No consistent differences between the levels of nitrogen retention and urinary nitrogen excretion were observed for euros fed rations supplemented with either casein or urea. It is suggested that the digestion of nitrogen by the ruminant-like macropod marsupials is similar to that of eutherian species of ruminant herbivores.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
Jayant P. Shenai ◽  
Robert K. Huston ◽  
John W. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Lower Urinary

We wish to thank Professor Prinsloo for his comments on our paper.1 He correctly points out some similarities in the findings of our study on soy-based formula in premature infants and the study in which he participated.2 We found that nitrogen retention was significantly lower, urinary nitrogen excretion (% of intake) was significantly higher, and serum urea nitrogen was significantly higher in soy protein formula-fed infants than in milk formula-fed infants. However, we do not feel that it is justified to conclude from these findings that soy protein is of suboptimal quality.

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