scholarly journals Reducing crude protein content with supplementation of synthetic lysine and threonine in barley - rapeseed meal - pea diets for growing pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja ◽  
Timo Alaviuhkola ◽  
Kaija Suomi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Reduction

This study was conducted to determine the possibility to use synthetic amino acids to lower the nitrogen output from pig production. A performance experiment was carried out with 120triplet-fed growing pigs whose dietary crude protein was reduced from 179 g/feed unit (FU= 0.7 kg starch equivalent) to 160, 140 and 122 g/FU, respectively. The diets were supplemented with synthetic lysine and threonine to keep the level of these amino acids constant. Dietary protein reduction did not affect the growth performance or feed conversion ratio of the pigs, but it did linearly increase the portion of fat to lean in the carcass. Significant linear effect was found in back fat (p

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Fecal Crude Protein, Amino Acids Flow Amount, Fecal and Ileal Microbial Amino Acids Composition and Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Yang ◽  
Tianle He ◽  
Gifty Ziema Bumbie ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Qingju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of low protein corn-soybean meal-based diets on fecal CP, amino acid (AA) flow amount, AA digestibility and fecal and ileal microbial AA composition in growing pigs. Eighteen pigs (initial body weight = 30 ± 1.35) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with basal diets with CP levels of 12%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp level in the 12% CP and 15% CP groups is the same as 18% CP group by the addition of four crystalline Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp to the diet. The results showed that with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%, the fecal total nitrogen (N), CP and total AA (TAA) flow amount decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter (DM) digestibility, CP digestibility, TAA digestibility, essential amino acid (EAA) digestibility and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) digestibility increased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP concentration from 18% to 12%. Compared with 18% CP group, the flow amount of Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Tyr, Val, Leu and Phe in feces of pigs in the 15% CP group and 12% CP group decreased significantly, while the flow amount of Arg in the 15% CP group was lower than that in the 18% CP group and 12% CP group. The fecal microbial N and AA of the 15% CP group were higher than those of the 18% CP and 12% CP groups. Fecal TAA flow amount decreased linearly with the decrease of the dietary CP levels from 18% to 12%. Fecal TAA and NEAA flow amount also decreased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%. Except for Glu, Gly, Met, Tyr, Thr and Phe, there were significant differences among the three groups in the composition of 17 kinds of AAs in fecal microorganisms. Among the 17 AA compositions of ileal microorganisms, except Tyr and Lys, the other AAs were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05)

Effect of reduced dietary crude protein and supplemental limiting amino acids on the growth and carcass characteristics of Swarnadhara chicks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beena C. Joseph ◽  
Jayanaik T. Munegowda ◽  
Chandrapal . ◽  
K. Singh ◽  
V. Malathi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

A six-week trial was conducted to determine the effect of lowering dietary crude protein levels with supplementation of limiting amino acid on growth performance, and carcass characteristics in one of the Indian improved crossbred Swarnadhara chicks in a completely randomized design having five treatments and four replications of 20 birds in each. Five isocaloric (2800 ME Kcal//kg) experimental diets based on corn-soy bean meal were formulated in a gradual crude protein decline from 21 % (control T1) to 19% by 0.5% interval. The levels of limiting amino acids namely methionine, lysine, threonine and tryptophan were met as that of control (T1) by adding synthetic preparations. Highest body weight was recorded in 2% crude protein reduced group (T5) which was comparable with control (T1). However, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio of different treatments were not significantly different. Moreover, carcass parameters like dressing percentage, breast meat yield, liver and heart weights remained unaffected by the dietary treatments. Relative gizzard weight and abdominal fat weights showed variations and lower dietary protein diets were comparable with control diet (T1). In summary, crude protein content of Swarnadhara chick diet can be reduced to 19% with essential AA fortification without any adverse effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics during 0-6 weeks of age.

scholarly journals Comparison of different protein evaluation systems for growing pigs: Digestible crude protein, and total, faecal digestible and ileal digestible amino acid intakes as performance response predictors

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
Jarmo Valaja
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Response Predictors ◽  
Carcass Parameters ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Better Than

The validity of apparent faecal digestible crude protein and total, apparent faecal or ileal digestible amino acid intakes (lysine, threonine and methionine) as animal performance predictors was evaluated on the basis of digestibility coefficients obtained from the literature and performance and carcass parameter data from five different experiments on growing pigs. Correlations and regression equations were calculated between daily digestible crude protein or amino acid intakes and the performance and carcass parameters of the pigs. No connection was found between digestible crude protein intake and the performance of the pigs. The correlations were highest between different lysine intakes and daily gain (DG) (r = 0.808-0.867, p < 0.001). Ileal digestible lysine intake correlated with the performance of the pigs better than did intakes of total or faecal digestible lysine. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05), and the thickness of back (BF) (p < 0.001) and side fat (SF) (p < 0.001) correlated highly with ileal digestible lysine intake. The correlations between these parameters and total or faecal digestible lysine intakes were lower but also significant (total lysine: BF p < 0.001, SF p < 0.01 and faecal digestible lysine: BF p < 0.01, SF p < 0.05). The regression equations agreed well with the coefficients of correlation. Ileal digestible lysine intake explained changes of performance and carcass parameters better than did intakes of total and faecal digestible lysine. The study confirms the advantage of using ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids for detecting differences in the supply of amino acids from different feeds.

Ileal apparent digestibilities of amino acids, growth and tissue deposition in growing pigs fed low glucosinolate rapeseed meals

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dry Diet

SUMMARYA factorially designed growth and carcass dissection experiment was made in which a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (cv. Tower, TRSM) was compared with soya-bean meal (SBM) as the sole protein supplement in simple diets, containing barley and a vitamin and mineral supplement (to give 18 mg copper/kg air-dry diet) only, which were fed individually on a restricted scale of feeding to 72 pigs. The diets were of similar digestible energy (DE) content and were formulated to contain in each kg of air-dry matter 150, 170 and 190 g crude protein. In each crude-protein level the total lysine content was similar. Also experiments using 35 pigs were made to determine the ileal apparent digestibilities of amino acids in barley-based diets containing SBM, the low glucosinolate rapeseed meals Erglu (ERSM) and TRSM and a high glucosinolate British rapeseed meal (BRSM) and either 20 mg or 200 mg copper/kg air-dry diet.In the growth experiments there were no significant interactions for the variables considered. Pigs given TRSM diets, compared with those given SBM diets, had significantly poorer growth rates, conversion efficiencies and killing-out proportions but the proportions of lean and fat in carcasses and the backfat thicknesses (P2) were similar. There were no significant differences between protein levels in the killing-out proportions, the proportions of fat in carcasses and backfat thicknesses (P2) but pigs given diets containing 150 g, compared with 170 and 190 g, crude protein/kg air-dry diet had significantly lower growth rates and proportions of lean in the carcass and significantly poorer efficiencies of food conversion. The quantities of dietary crude protein used to produce units of live-weight gain, carcass weight and lean tissue increased progressively from the diets containing 150 to 170 to 190 g crude protein in each kg air-dry diet.In the ileal digestibility studies the results indicated that amino acids were of a lower digestibility in the rapeseed meal diets than in those based on SBM and that the copper content of the diet may have been important in this context.

DEVELOPMENT OF A SEMISYNTHETIC RESEARCH DIET FOR YOUNG SWINE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. ROBBINS ◽  
D. H. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Semisynthetic Diet ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Synthetic Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Assay

A growth assay was conducted to determine the crude protein requirement of weanling pigs fed a semisynthetic diet including synthetic amino acids. The protein requirement was found to be no greater than 12%, since pigs fed 12 and 14% protein performed equally well. Dietary crude protein levels of 16 and 18% depressed both rate of gain and efficiency of feed utilization.

Evaluation of the effect of dietary crude protein reduction, with or without fishmeal, on post weaning performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 103-103
Author(s):  
M. A. Overend ◽  
S. Tibble ◽  
L. Le Bellego
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Protein Reduction

The post-weaning phase is a critical period in pig growth. The transition from sow milk to solid plant or animal proteins together with the physiological development of the intestinal tract can sometimes lead to digestive disorders depressing growth and impacting upon the lifetime performance of the pig herd. Lowering feed protein level or changing the type of protein offered appears as a practical solution to decrease the incidence and severity of digestive disorders leading to diarrhoea. It is crucial that in reducing crude protein levels that the balance of amino acids are maintained to meet the pigs requirement for growth. Fishmeal is often used in diets as a source of protein and amino acids. It also is said to be an aid to palatability. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the performance of post-weaned piglets offered diets that differed in crude protein content and in protein source from weaning until 43 days post-weaning.

Nutritional evaluation of wheat 4. Effects of supplementation with amino acids and protein of diets based on wheats containing 10% and 17% crude protein on the performance of growing pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
D. J. Farrell ◽  
T. N. Edey
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Limiting Amino Acids

Summary1. The effects of supplementing diets containing 10% or 17% crude protein wheat, vitamins and minerals with the limiting amino acids were studied with growing Large White x Landrace pigs. Performance was measured in terms of growth rate, feed conversion, carcass measurements, plasma-free amino acid concentrations, digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy.2. With diets based on wheat containing 17% crude protein, a lysine supplement gave a slightly higher growth rate and a slightly lower feed conversion ratio than when fish meal and meat meal was the supplement.3. With diets based on wheat containing 10% crude protein, performance was significantly poorer when the diet was supplemented with the four most limiting amino acids (lysine, threonine, valine, methionine) than with fish meal and meat meal. Meat meal and soya bean meal appeared to be a good source of the limiting amino acids, other than lysine, when added to a diet based on wheat containing 10% crude protein.4. Eye-muscle area was lower and backfat thickness greater when diets based on wheat containing 10% crude protein were unsupplemented or supplemented with lysine than when they were supplemented with protein or with the four most limiting amino acids. However, no significant differences in backfat thickness were obtained between similar comparisons when the wheat contained 17% crude protein.

Guanidination procedure increases standardised ileal digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in rapeseed meal, soybean meal and peas fed to growing pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eklund ◽  
W. R. Caine ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
G. S. Huang ◽  
G. Diebold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Feed Ingredient

A digestibility study was conducted to assess the effect of using the guanidination procedure to convert lysine to homoarginine in dietary sources of protein on standardised ileal digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in rapeseed meal, soybean meal or peas fed to growing pigs. Six barrows (German Landrace × Pietrain) with an initial bodyweight of 19 ± 1.8 kg, fitted with ileal T-cannulas, were fed one of three cornstarch-based diets that contained 180 g crude protein/kg (as-fed basis) from rapeseed meal, soybean meal or peas for an experimental period of 10 days according to a double 3 by 3 Latin square design. On Day 9 of each experimental period, the pigs were fed diets containing the guanidinated protein sources, which corresponded to their respective unguanidinated diets. In the guanidinated assay diets, 50% of the dietary source of protein was replaced, on an equal weight basis, with the guanidinated assay feed ingredient. Using the guanidination procedure increased the content of nitrogen in rapeseed meal, soybean meal, and peas by 17, 34, and 8 g/kg DM, respectively. With the exception of lysine in rapeseed meal, using the guanidination procedure increased the standardised ileal digestibilities of most amino acids in rapeseed meal, soybean meal and peas (P < 0.05). Lower standardised ileal digestibililty of lysine in guanidinated compared with unguanidinated rapeseed meal indicates that guanidination was not as uniform compared with the other sources of dietary protein. In conclusion, increases in standardised ileal digestibilities of amino acids after using the guanidination procedure in the aforementioned feed ingredients may be due to solubilisation of protein and degradation of antinutritional factors such as fibre, trypsin inhibitors and tannins.

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