Ileal apparent digestibilities of amino acids, growth and tissue deposition in growing pigs fed low glucosinolate rapeseed meals

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dry Diet

SUMMARYA factorially designed growth and carcass dissection experiment was made in which a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (cv. Tower, TRSM) was compared with soya-bean meal (SBM) as the sole protein supplement in simple diets, containing barley and a vitamin and mineral supplement (to give 18 mg copper/kg air-dry diet) only, which were fed individually on a restricted scale of feeding to 72 pigs. The diets were of similar digestible energy (DE) content and were formulated to contain in each kg of air-dry matter 150, 170 and 190 g crude protein. In each crude-protein level the total lysine content was similar. Also experiments using 35 pigs were made to determine the ileal apparent digestibilities of amino acids in barley-based diets containing SBM, the low glucosinolate rapeseed meals Erglu (ERSM) and TRSM and a high glucosinolate British rapeseed meal (BRSM) and either 20 mg or 200 mg copper/kg air-dry diet.In the growth experiments there were no significant interactions for the variables considered. Pigs given TRSM diets, compared with those given SBM diets, had significantly poorer growth rates, conversion efficiencies and killing-out proportions but the proportions of lean and fat in carcasses and the backfat thicknesses (P2) were similar. There were no significant differences between protein levels in the killing-out proportions, the proportions of fat in carcasses and backfat thicknesses (P2) but pigs given diets containing 150 g, compared with 170 and 190 g, crude protein/kg air-dry diet had significantly lower growth rates and proportions of lean in the carcass and significantly poorer efficiencies of food conversion. The quantities of dietary crude protein used to produce units of live-weight gain, carcass weight and lean tissue increased progressively from the diets containing 150 to 170 to 190 g crude protein in each kg air-dry diet.In the ileal digestibility studies the results indicated that amino acids were of a lower digestibility in the rapeseed meal diets than in those based on SBM and that the copper content of the diet may have been important in this context.

Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Green ◽  
T. Kiener
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the relative digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in foodstuffs for pigs and poultry, and the effects of manufacturing methods, equal quantities of soya-bean meal, sunflower meals [hulled (sunflower meal 1) and dehulled (sunflower meal 2)], meat meals [made with (meat meal 1), and without (meat meal 2), blood added at 250 g/kg meat tissue (wet weights)] and rapeseed meals [seeds heated at 80°C (rapeseed meal 1) or 100°C (rapeseed meal 2)] were mixed with protein-free ingredients. The diets were given to five growing pigs with ileo-rectal anastomoses, and, by crop-intubation, to 12 caecectomized and 12 intact cocks. Excreta were collected over 48-h periods. Endogenous excretion was estimated by giving protein-free diets.In the order, soya-bean meal, sunflower meals 1, and 2, meat meals 1, and 2, rapeseed meals 1, and 2, true digestibilities were: with pigs, of nitrogen, 0·81, 0·80, 0·79, 0·64, 0·79, 0·73, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·030), of lysine, 0·84, 0·83, 0·84, 0·65, 0·84, 0·76, 0·72 (s.e.d. 0·032); with caecectomized birds, of nitrogen, 0·92, 0·91, 0·91, 0·66, 0·78, 0·74, 0·75 (s.e.d. 0·018), of lysine 0·92, 0·91, 0·93, 0·62, 0·79, 0·70, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·020); with intact birds, values were similar to those with caecectomized birds for soya-bean, and the sunflower meals, but lesser for meat meals 1 and 2; the solubilities of nitrogen in pepsin were 0·96, 0·92, 0·93, 0·80, 0·89, 0·87, 0·87.Two hundred and eighty pigs (initial live weights 10 kg) were used to compare growth response to free lysine with that to lysine in soya-bean meal and sunflower meal 2. Lysine availabilities, assessed by analyses of regressions of live-weight gain against lysine intake were 0·82 (s.e. 0·12) for soya-bean meal, and 0·82 (s.e. 0·18) for sunflower meal 2.Amino acid digestibilities of the sunflower meals were similar to those of soya-bean meal, and were not influenced by dehulling; values for the rapeseed meals were lower, and unaffected by differences in heating severity; values for the meat meal were reduced by blood addition. Values differed between pigs and poultry, but there was consistency in the extent to which each species discriminated between some foodstuffs. The pepsin test was insensitive. The large standard errors associated with availability values prevented meaningful comparisons with digestibility values.

Determination of the optimum crude protein requirement of pigs in a tropical environment

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
M. J. Olomu ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels

SUMMARYFeeding trials were carried out at different times of the year to determine the optimum crude protein requirements of weaner and growing pigs, using principally the locally available ingredients. The animals used were 96 weaners and 113 growing pigs of the Large White and Landrace breeds of average initial weights of about 9 kg and 41 kg respectively. Test diets contained protein levels ranging from 12% to 24% on a dry-matter basis, and the pigs were mostly group-fed ad libitum except for one trial. Average daily gains, efficiency of feed utilization, apparent nitrogen retention and digestibility, and feed cost per kg of body gain were measured. In a humid tropical environment, such as Ibadan, the optimum crude protein requirement for weaner pigs from 9 kg to 34 kg live weight is between 22 % and 24 % of dry matter, while that for the fattening pigs from 41 kg to 82 kg live weight is between 18% and 21% of dry matter.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Fecal Crude Protein, Amino Acids Flow Amount, Fecal and Ileal Microbial Amino Acids Composition and Amino Acid Digestibility in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2092
Author(s):  
Zhenguo Yang ◽  
Tianle He ◽  
Gifty Ziema Bumbie ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Qingju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Protein Amino Acids

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of low protein corn-soybean meal-based diets on fecal CP, amino acid (AA) flow amount, AA digestibility and fecal and ileal microbial AA composition in growing pigs. Eighteen pigs (initial body weight = 30 ± 1.35) were randomly divided into three groups and fed with basal diets with CP levels of 12%, 15% and 18%, respectively. The Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp level in the 12% CP and 15% CP groups is the same as 18% CP group by the addition of four crystalline Lys, Met + Cys, Thr and Trp to the diet. The results showed that with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%, the fecal total nitrogen (N), CP and total AA (TAA) flow amount decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Dry matter (DM) digestibility, CP digestibility, TAA digestibility, essential amino acid (EAA) digestibility and non-essential amino acid (NEAA) digestibility increased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP concentration from 18% to 12%. Compared with 18% CP group, the flow amount of Asp, Ser, Glu, Gly, Tyr, Val, Leu and Phe in feces of pigs in the 15% CP group and 12% CP group decreased significantly, while the flow amount of Arg in the 15% CP group was lower than that in the 18% CP group and 12% CP group. The fecal microbial N and AA of the 15% CP group were higher than those of the 18% CP and 12% CP groups. Fecal TAA flow amount decreased linearly with the decrease of the dietary CP levels from 18% to 12%. Fecal TAA and NEAA flow amount also decreased linearly with the decrease of dietary CP level from 18% to 12%. Except for Glu, Gly, Met, Tyr, Thr and Phe, there were significant differences among the three groups in the composition of 17 kinds of AAs in fecal microorganisms. Among the 17 AA compositions of ileal microorganisms, except Tyr and Lys, the other AAs were significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05)

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 2. Identification of the limiting amino acid(s) in a low-protein diet supplemented with lysine

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Taylor ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid

ABSTRACTA basal diet containing 120 g crude protein per kg and 9g lysine per kg, and previously shown to be limiting in one or more essential amino acids and/or non-essential nitrogen, was examined. It was fed either alone to growing female pigs from 25 kg to 55 kg live weight or in combination with four supplements of synthetic amino acids each containing three out of isoleucine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. A control diet containing 140 g crude protein per kg and 9g lysine per kg was also included. Blood samples were collected at 40 kg live weight in order to examine the influence of dietary treatments on blood metabolites. Results for growth performance, carcass composition and blood urea indicated that threonine was the first limiting amino acid in the basal diet. Plasma free amino acids gave no clear trend. Growth performance and carcass composition were unaffected by supplementation of the diet with glycine indicating that the dietary supply of non-essential nitrogen was adequate.

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 3. Threonine

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Taylor ◽  
D J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Dry Diet ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

ABSTRACTEight dietary levels of threonine ranging from 4·8 to 6·6 g/kg air-dry diet were given to 64 growing female pigs from 25 to 55 kg live weight. Results for daily live-weight gain and food conversion ratio indicated a requirement value for dietary threonine of 5·6 g/kg. The pattern of response exhibited by blood urea suggested a requirement of 5·4 g/kg. No clear trends were found for carcass composition or plasma free amino acids

Comparison of protein concentrations in diets given unchanged to pigs from 18 to 93 kg live weight

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Lucas ◽  
K. L. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels

SUMMARYIn the national pig progeny test stations one diet is given up to about 55 kg live weight and another, with less protein, is given from then until slaughter. These diets were compared with four ‘single’ diets, similar in digestible-energy content, but containing either 15·6, 17·4, 18·7 or 22·1% crude protein, and each given unchanged from 18 to 93 kg live weight. There were twenty groups of one castrate and one gilt on each treatment.Pigs given the lowest protein levels had the poorest growth rates and feed conversion efficiency up to 57 kg live weight, but the best from 57 to 93 kg. Hence there were no differences in overall feed efficiency, and overall growth rate was only slightly less with the lowest protein level than with other treatments.Carcass leanness rose with protein level in the ‘single’ diets over the range 15·6·18·7% crude protein, but a further increase to 22·1% reduced leanness.Pigs given the progeny test diets had carcasses intermediate in composition to those of pigs on the ‘single’ diets with 17·4% and 18·7% protein.

scholarly journals Determination of the Minimum Crude Protein Requirements of Broiler Starters and Finishers in the Tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Percent Nitrogen ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Protein Diets

THREE experiments were conducted with broiler chicks to determine the minimum crude protein levels in the diets of broiler starters and finishers reared in a tropical environment. The first two trials covered both the starter and finisher periods of 12 weeks while the third experiment covered only the finishing period. The calculated dietary crude protein levels used in the first trial were 14,16 18, 20, 22 and 24%; in the second trial, 20, 22, 24 and 26% and in the third trial, 14, 16, 18 and 20% on air dry basis. Results showed the 24% crude protein (trial 1) and 26% crude protein (trial 2) diets promoted highly significantly better live weight gains than all the other rations during the starter period while during the finishing period, there were no significant differences in the liveweight gains on the diets containing 18, 20, 22, 24 and 24% although growth was always better on the higher protein diets. Diets containing 14, 16 and 18% crude protein were grossly inadequate for the broiler starters while during the finishing period, if all the birds were on adequate broiler starter diets before being put on finisher diets, all those diets promoted growth almost equally well, there being no significant differences among growth rates. The feed/gain ratios followed the same trends as obtained for growth rates, the ratios becoming significantly better for higher protein diets. Mortality was highest for the lowest protein diets and lowest for the highest protein diets, while the percent nitrogen retained tended to be better, though not significantly so, for the higher protein diets. On the basis of these studies, it is recommended that the diets of broiler starter chicks in the tropics should not contain less than 24% crude protein, while those of the finishers should not contain less than 18% crude protein on air dry basis for optimal results.  

Protein utilization and performance of early-weaned lambs

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
P. J. Davies ◽  
I. A. Dickson ◽  
A. B. Humphries ◽  
W. Rutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

SUMMARY1. Groups of 12 male and 12 female lambs, early weaned and individually fed, were used at six centres in Great Britain to determine the effect of dietary protein concentration on growth rate and feed utilization from weaning to 37 kg live weight. Three diets varying in the proportion of rolled barley to white-fish meal were used to give 13·5, 16·0 or 18·5% crude protein in the dry matter. The diets were pelleted and offered ad libitum.2. The male lambs showed significantly poorer growth rates and feed conversions on the low-protein than on the other diets. Results for the females were more variable so that although the mean values showed similar trends these were not statistically significant.3. Female lambs had about 19% lower growth rates than male lambs. The mean food conversion (kg dry matter/kg gain) with the diet containing 16% crude protein was 2·67 for the males and 3·30 for the female lambs. Food utilization differed significantly between centres, the centres using lambs of Finn Dorset breeding having lower growth rates and poorer food utilization than Suffolk crosses.

scholarly journals Replacing protein supplements in barley-based diets for growing pigs with free lysine and methionine

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lower Protein

Protein metabolism and utilization, and performance were examined in pigs kept on diets with two protein levels, 15 and 17 % crude protein(cp), and supplementation with free L-lysine and DL-methionine. In the 5 x 5 Latin square balance trial, 15 and 17 % cp diets were fed with and without supplementation with 2 g lysine/kg feed and one 15cp diet with both lysine and 0.7 g methionine. The diets had 120 and 136 g DCP/FU, lysine 7.8, 9.4 and 11.0g/kg and sulphur amino acids 4.4, 5.0 and 5.1 g/kg. Nitrogen retention was 13 % higher on the 17 % cp diet than on the 15 % cp diet (P > 0.05). The lysine supplementation improved N retention by 4.3 % on the 15 % cp diet and supplementation with the two amino acids improved it by 2.5 % (P > 0.05 %). Urinary urea excretion on the 17 % cp diet was 17—12 %higher than on unsupplemented 15 % cp diet, and on the diets with amino acid supplementation it was 7—8 % lower (P < 0.05) than on the diets without. In the first feeding trial with 500 pigs, the higher-protein diet gave 7.4 % better daily gains. The diet with 15 % cp supplemented with lysine gave only 2.3 % better gains than the basal 15 % cp diet. The difference in feed conversion efficiency (FCE) between protein levels was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The second feeding trial was a comparison of 17 % and 15 % cp diets in which the lysine and sulphur amino acid levels had been equalized by supplementing the 15 % cp diet with lysine and methionine. The pigs were fed on a grower diet with 18 % cp to 50kg live weight and afterwards the experimental diets were fed separately to the gilts and castrates. The pigs grew similarly on the two diets, 783 vs. 780 g daily. The FCE was better on the lower-protein diet and lower in the gilts then the castrates. The gilts gave better carcase quality than the castrates and the lower-protein diet tended to give better carcase quality. The rather poor response to supplemental free amino acids in the present study seems to indicate limitation of inadequate supply of other amino acid.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document