scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of the linear Distance on Biochemical Oxygen demand and the Concentration of dissolved Oxygen of a River for fixed initial Conditions using a Computational Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 972-976
Author(s):  
E. Esekhaigbe ◽  
E.N. Ekaka-a ◽  
A. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Optimal Control of a Partially Known Coupled System of BOD and DO

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-996
Author(s):  
Laouar Chafia ◽  
Ayadi Abdelhamid ◽  
Hafdallah Abdelhak
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Pollution Problem

The work presented in this paper is concerned with the organic pollution problem and water quality valuation. Biochemical oxygen demand has been used to evaluate the quality of water. If organic matter is present the dissolved oxygen is consumed. This article considers an optimal control problem of coupled system with missing initial conditions, which presents the relation between the biochemical oxygen demand and the dissolved oxygen. The main objective is to control the concentration of dissolved oxygen using the information given in the biochemical oxygen demand equation. The main tool used to characterize the optimal control of the investigate system under the Pareto control formulation.

Considering the impact of intermittent discharges when modelling overflows

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Sarah Jubb ◽  
Philip Hulme ◽  
Ian Guymer ◽  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Oxygen Demand ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
River Hydraulics ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Curve Equation

This paper describes a preliminary investigation that identified factors important in the prediction of river water quality, especially regarding dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. Intermittent discharges from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) within the sewerage, and overflows at water reclamation works (WRW) cause dynamic conditions with respect to both river hydraulics and water quality. The impact of such discharges has been investigated under both wet and dry weather flow conditions. Data collected from the River Maun, UK, has shown that an immediate, transient oxygen demand exists downstream of an outfall during storm conditions. The presence of a delayed oxygen demand has also been identified. With regard to modelling, initial investigations used a simplified channel and the Streeter-Phelps (1925) dissolved oxygen sag curve equation. Later, a model taking into account hydrodynamic, transport and dispersion processes was used. This suggested that processes other than water phase degradation of organic matter significantly affect the dissolved oxygen concentration downstream of the location of an intermittent discharge. It is proposed that the dynamic rate of reaeration and the sediment oxygen demand should be the focus of further investigation.

scholarly journals BOD Pressure in the sustainability of the Citarum River

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 00037
Author(s):  
Resha Ayu Putri Belinawati ◽  
Tri Edhi Budhi Soesilo ◽  
Herdis Herdiansyah ◽  
Intan Nurul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
The World ◽  
Polluted Rivers ◽  
The Impact

As one of the 10 most polluted rivers in the world, Citarum river pollution has become the world’s spotlight. The pollution that occurred along the Citarum River in West Java has been the concern of the local government. Pollution not only comes from a plant and household, but also from industries. In this study the authors use descriptive quantitative method, where researchers will describe and compare the existing variables to see the possibilities that arise. Variable used is the number of industries that exist and how the impact against BOD. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measuring instrument that is widely used to see the quality of oxygen levels in the water. In this paper shows that there is a possibility if BOD increases if the number of industries increases.

scholarly journals Impact of Global Warming on Dissolved Oxygen and BOD Assimilative Capacity of the World’s Rivers: Modeling Analysis

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2408
Author(s):  
Steven C. Chapra ◽  
Luis A. Camacho ◽  
Graham B. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Assimilative Capacity ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
The Impact

For rivers and streams, the impact of rising water temperature on biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) assimilative capacity depends on the interplay of two independent factors: the waterbody’s dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation and its self-purification rate (i.e., the balance between BOD oxidation and reaeration). Although both processes increase with rising water temperatures, oxygen depletion due to BOD oxidation increases faster than reaeration. The net result is that rising temperatures will decrease the ability of the world’s natural waters to assimilate oxygen-demanding wastes beyond the damage due to reduced saturation alone. This effect should be worse for nitrogenous BOD than for carbonaceous BOD because of the former’s higher sensitivity to rising water temperatures. Focusing on streams and rivers, the classic Streeter–Phelps model was used to determine the magnitude of the maximum or “critical” DO deficit that can be calculated analytically as a function of the mixing-point BOD concentration, DO saturation, and the self-purification rate. The results indicate that high-velocity streams will be the most sensitive to rising temperatures. This is significant because such systems typically occur in mountainous regions where they are also subject to lower oxygen saturation due to decreased oxygen partial pressure. Further, they are dominated by salmonids and other cold-water fish that require higher oxygen levels than warm-water species. Due to their high reaeration rates, such systems typically exhibit high self-purification constants and consequently have higher assimilation capacities than slower moving lowland rivers. For slow-moving rivers, the total sustainable mixing-point concentration for CBOD is primarily dictated by saturation reductions. For faster flowing streams, the sensitivity of the total sustainable load is more equally dependent on temperature-induced reductions in both saturation and self-purification.

scholarly journals Simple quality control technique to identify dissolved oxygen diffusion issues with biochemical oxygen demand bottle incubations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnathan Daniel Maxey ◽  
Neil David Hartstein ◽  
Dorathy Penjinus ◽  
Alan Kerroux
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Parallel Diffusion ◽  
Quality Control Technique

Stratified estuaries are home to expanding aquaculture activities whose ecological footprints can be observed through trends in microbial community respiration in the water column. Bottle incubations are widely used to measure water column community respiration in marine and freshwater ecosystems by measuring the flux of dissolved oxygen occurring in the bottle over a period of time. When in situ dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are markedly different than DO concentration of the incubation medium the potential for diffusion of oxygen across the bottle opening is great and may be especially pronounced in strongly stratified systems with relatively low rates of pelagic oxygen consumption. We incubated 60 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) bottles filled with sterilized water with DO concentrations ranging from 2.51 mg O2 L-1 to 10.03 mg O2 L-1 for 24 hours in a temperature controlled water bath. There was a significant relationship when DO flux was set as a function of initial DO (DO Flux = -0.0017x + 0.0085, r2 = 0.72, p < 2.2 e-16). DO fluxes ranged from -0.012 mg O2 L-1 hour-1 to 0.005 mg O2 L-1 hour-1 for bottles incubated with initial DO ranging from 10.03 mg O2 L-1 to 3.31 mg O2 L-1, respectively. These results suggest that diffusion across the ground glass seal of BOD bottles is possible and that extra precaution through parallel diffusion controls should be considered when measuring pelagic respiration using BOD bottle incubations in systems with relatively low or relatively high in situ DO concentrations.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Water Quality Characteristics of Kaduna River Receiving Wastewater Discharges

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
H. Garba ◽  
C. A. Elanu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels

An assessment of the chemical characteristics of industrial and domestic wastewater discharges on seven parameters into Kaduna River on a bimonthly basis was carried out. PH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride, nitrite, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and iron were analyzed to determine their concentration levels. From the analysis, the highest mean concentration of the parameters were 8.24 of pH, 7.7 mg/l of DO, 233.4 mg/l of chloride, 55.68 mg/l of COD, 27.95 mg/l of nitrite, 122.22 mg/l of BOD, and 17.05 mg/l of iron. After comparing with prescribed standards, it can be concluded that there is evidence of organic and inorganic accumulation of contaminants into River Kaduna.

scholarly journals Biotope Determinants of EPT Assamblages Structure – Târnava Watershed (Transylvania, Romania) Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Angela Curtean-Bănăduc
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Average Flow ◽  
Heterogeneous Structures ◽  
High Diversity

Abstract This study aims to analyze the biotopic factors affecting the EPT assemblage diversity in the rivers of the Târnava Watershed. Our research revealed that the high diversity of the Plecoptera communities is associated with river reaches with boulder and cobble lithological substrate, accentuated slope and natural bank dynamics, and also it is directly correlated with dissolved oxygen and inversely correlated with chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, total hardness, nitrates and total nitrogen in the water. The high diversity of the Trichoptera communities is associated with water which presents moderate quantities of nutrients (total phosphorus, phosphates) and with river reaches with heterogeneous structures (where runs and bends were present). The diversity of the Ephemeroptera communities is positively correlated with the multiannual average flow and riverbed width.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kualitas Air Situ Parigi, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Provinsi Banten

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Zharifa ◽  
M F Fachrul ◽  
D I Hendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
E Coli

<p>Situ Parigi adalah salah satu situ di Kota Tangerang Selatan yang berada di Kelurahan Parigi Lama, Kecamatan Pondok Aren dengan luas sebesar 4 hektar. Situ Parigi memiliki fungsi sebagai reservoir, pengendali banjir dan irigasi. Kondisi Situ Parigi saat ini belum mendapat perhatian dan dirawat dengan baik. Hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya sampah di saluran inlet dan di bagian tepinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air dan status mutu Situ Parigi. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali pada Bulan Mei, Juni dan Juli 2018 dengan metode grab sampling. Hasil analisis kualitas air dibandingkan dengan baku-mutu pada PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 untuk kelas 2. Menentukan status mutu air dengan menggunakan metodeIKA-NSF. Parameter yang diukur ada 9 (sembilan) yaitu suhu, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), kekeruhan, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), nitrat, fosfat dan E. coli. Hasil analisis kualitas air menunjukkan parameter fosfat, BODdan E. coli melebihi baku-mutu, sedangkan parameter DO di bawah baku-mutu. Konsentrasi fosfat berkisar 0,04-0,46 mg/l sedangkan baku mutu bernilai 0,2 mg/l. Konsentrasi BOD berkisar 3,08-51,08 mg/l sedangkan baku mutu bernilai 3 mg/l. NilaiE. coli berkisar 0-4.000 CFU/100 ml sedangkan baku mutu bernilai 1.000 CFU/100 ml. Konsentrasi DO berkisar 1,1-4,7 mg/l sedangkan baku mutu bernilai ≥4 mg/l. Status mutu air Situ Parigi bernilai 60,9 yang menunjukkan bahwa Situ Parigi tercemar sedang.<br />Kata kunci: Situ, Parameter, Kualitas Air, Status Mutu Air, IKA-NSF</p>

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