scholarly journals PENERAPAN KONSEP TRIAS POLITICA PADA MORFOLOGI DAN TIPOLOGI KOTA WASHINGTON, D. C. DAN CANBERRA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Emmelia Tricia Herliana
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Previous Discussion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Civic Center

Abstract: City planning is intended to create better living environment for its residents. A city is ‘a living laboratory’ that can be learned by people from different nations and cultures or even by the next generation, particularly by the next city planners. The morphology and typology of Washington, D.C. and Canberra, as federal capital cities of the central government, are determined by the early phase of planning, in which the planners interpreted the concept of the power system that each government has and implemented it to the structure of city. This study has an aim to oversee and compare the implementation of governmental power system in USA and Australia to the urban structure of their civic center. Both of them are democratic nations, which apply the concept of “Trias Politica”, and this concept is implemented within the morphological and typological structure of the capital cities. The method to discuss this topic is, firstly, by describe the history of city planning and design of the two cities. Secondly, the difference of the implementation of “Trias Politica” concept to the basic concept of planning and to the elements of morphology and typology of each city is analyzed. Thirdly, the conclusion of previous discussion is configured. The result of this study is a comparison of the implementation of the concept in differentiating power of legislative, executive, and judicative to the city planning which applied Baroque and Beaux-Arts ideas on Washington, D.C. and Canberra.Keywords: Morphology, typology, capital city, civic center, “Trias Politica”Abstrak: Perencanaan kota bertujuan untuk menciptakan lingkungan bermukim yang lebih baik bagi penduduk kota. Kota yang direncanakan dengan baik diharapkan akan dapat berfungsi dengan baik pula. Morfologi dan tipologi Kota Washington, D.C. dan Canberra, yang berfungsi sebagai ibukota pusat pemerintahan, sangat ditentukan oleh bagaimana para perencana dan perancang kota sejak awal menterjemahkan sistem kekuasaan yang dianut oleh pemerintah negara tersebut ke dalam struktur kota. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan membandingkan bagaimana konsep yang dianut oleh kedua negara, yaitu United State of America dan Australia, di dalam menjalankan kehidupan bernegara yang menerapkan paham demokrasi, yaitu konsep “Trias Politica”, diterapkan pada struktur morfologi dan tipologi ibukota kedua negara. Metoda pembahasan yang digunakan adalah dengan menguraikan sejarah perencanaan dan perancangan kota Washington, D. C. dan Canberra, menganalisis perbedaan penerapan konsep “Trias Politica” pada konsep dasar perancangan dan unsur-unsur morfologi dan tipologi masing-masing kota, serta menarik kesimpulan dari pembahasan tersebut. Hasil dari studi ini berupa perbandingan penerapan konsep pembagian kekuasaan pada paham demokrasi melalui perancangan kota yang menerapkan gagasan Baroque dan Beaux-Arts pada kota Washington, D.C. dan Canberra. Studi ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pembelajaran dan dapat diambil maknanya apabila para perencana dan perancang kota dihadapkan pada permasalahan di dalam merencana dan merancang kota atau mengevaluasi perencanaan dan perancangan yang sudah ada.Kata kunci: Morfologi, tipologi, ibukota, pusat pemerintahan, “Trias Politica”

scholarly journals Proyek Lintas Batas Administrasi: Analisis Partisipasi Publik dalam Proses Perencanaan Ibu Kota Negara Republik Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Rizkiana Sidqiyatul Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Capital City ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
National Capital ◽  
Implementation Stages ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
The Republic

Administrative Transboundary Project: Public Participation Analysis in Indonesia’s New Capital City Planning Processes The Central Government of the Republic of Indonesia once again formulated a plan for moving the National Capital (IKN). The existing government centers in DKI Jakarta Province will be moved to North Penajam Paser Regency and Kutai Kartanegara Regency in East Kalimantan Province. As the progress of planning and preparation for the implementation of this discourse, public opinion is still dominated by negative sentiment, one of the escalated issues is public participation. As the core of democracy, public participation in decision making in the Republic of Indonesia is a necessity. This study intends to review the IKN planning process that has been carried out from the perspective of the participation ladder theory. Descriptive qualitative method used by analyzing electronic news (understanding chronological stories of the project) and media social data (public participation and perception). Comparing those data with previous researches were done to increase depth of analysis. The result showed that participatory regional planning process in IKN project is in the degree of tokenism or symbolism. This is hoped to provide evaluation in the implementation of the capital city relocation project, thus could contribute in creating more inclusive planning processes in further implementation stages.

scholarly journals URBAN GEOMETRY: CITY SHAPE AND SPATIAL LAYOUT OF 6 INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT CENTERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri Romdhoni ◽  
Mahbub Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Urban Geometry ◽  
The Government

Indonesia is one of the fastest-growing countries. It has about 50% of the population in the ASEAN region. The country is currently evolving and changing. The recent highlight is the country's plan to create a new capital city – moving from the megalopolitan Jakarta in the Java island to a new remote area in East Kalimantan. However, research on Indonesian cities remains very limited to provide an evidence base for planning a new capital city. A fundamental question arises: Should we plan Indonesia's new capital city following western models, or should we plan the city using traditional Indonesian city patterns?  This paper examines urban geometry to show similarities and differences in the government centers in 6 Indonesian provincial capitals. They are Jakarta, Bandung, Medan, Palembang, Surabaya, and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The six capital cities will be analyzed and categorized using street grid patterns, street centrality, built-up area and open space distribution, and government center distances. This systematic and quantitative comparison of Cities will define the underlying traits and footprint in these Indonesian cities, and the findings could be considered suggestions and guidelines for the new Indonesian capital city. This study utilizes methods and measures using automation techniques to analyze and classify Indonesian government centers based on street networks and urban geometry. The methods include land use recognition techniques using satellite images; OpenStreetMap (OSM) processed using OSMnx; GIS multi-platform applications to run the spatial analysis. On the one hand, the study should contribute to urban design and capital city planning in Indonesia. On the other hand, it should provide methods for comparative studies of cities in developing countries.

scholarly journals Identifying the Development Potential for Urban Integration Based on Transport Accessibility—The Case for Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11882
Author(s):  
Yichao Gou ◽  
Chengjin Wang ◽  
Yi Dang
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
Distance Threshold ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Commuting Time ◽  
Provincial Capital

Urban integration, a new concept in urban and regional research, is an inevitable outcome of urban development. Based on accessibility analysis, this study uses urban and road network data to identify urban pairs in Northeast China which meet the distance threshold for urban integration and establishes an index system to evaluate the development potential. The research shows that in Northeast China, the results for urban integration are similar to those for the present urban structure in China, that is, a spatial pattern with provincial capital cities at the core and an urban belt as the axis. According to the evaluation, areas with potential for urban integration may be classified into four categories, namely, dominant areas, key areas, ordinary areas, and alternative areas. The candidate and potential areas for urban integration tend to be concentrated near a provincial capital city or a regional development zone. The results show that the development potential for urban integration varies greatly among the different urban pairs and the main constraining factors are different for each location. Among the constraining factors, the commuting time, costs, and economic conditions for the citizens are the most important.

scholarly journals Master Planning for Conservation and Development of Krung Rattanakosin 2032

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Wannasilpa Peerapun ◽  
Sirirat Sereerat ◽  
Peamsook Sanit ◽  
Pornsan Vichienpradit
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Master Planning ◽  
Integrated Planning ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Conservation And Development

Master Plan of Conservation and Development of Krung Rattanakosin 2032 has planned under the vision of "A glorious capital city of Siam Kingdom, dignified by urban heritages, blending with multi-identical-cultural dimensions of the local community, and the contemporary urbanism."  An integrated planning in responsive with the dynamic contexts under the combining the conservation and development into one framework.  Highlighted on the Krung Rattanakosin urban structure and significant cultural heritages which express the important stories of the area, including the story of the two capital cities of Thonburi and Krung Rattanakosin, the stories about palaces, and spatial development. 

Archaeological Discovery and Research into the Layout of the Palaces and Ancestral Shrines of Han Dynasty Chang'an –A Comparative Essay on the Capital Cities of Ancient Chinese Kingdoms and Empires

Early China ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 113-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Qingzhu
Keyword(s):  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Architectural Form ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
Physical Manifestation

The principal function of the ancient Chinese royal capital city was political. From the perspective of archaeology, the physical manifestation of this is primarily revealed through palace buildings and ancestral shrines. Chang’an was the capital city of the Western Han Empire. After extensive excavation and research into the sites of palatial structures and ancestral shrines of Han Dynasty Chang’an city, it is clear that the two are distinct in form. Also, comparative research into the layout of the palaces and ancestral shrines of Han Chang’an that have undergone excavation beside those palaces and shrines of the capital cities of the kingdoms of the pre-Qin era also reveals that the two architectural forms have clear differences. The difference in architectural form between palaces and ancestral shrines reflects the difference in function they performed, between rule through territorial authority and rule through kinship. From the side-by-side placement of palaces and ancestral shrines within the royal precincts of capital cities of the kingdom era (the pre-Qin period), to the separate placement of palaces and shrines in the capital cities of the imperial era (Qin-Han to Ming-Qing periods), as well as in the formation of the system centered on the royal palace, whereby the “ancestors occupy the left, while the altar of soil occupies the right,” the difference in the layout of palaces and ancestral shrines in the capital cities of the kingdom era and those of the imperial era clearly explains how the palace, which represents rule by territorial authority, and the ancestral shrine, which represents rule by kinship, wax and wane in the strength of their social function with the development of society and the change in societal configuration. Archaeological discovery and research into the architectural sites of palaces and ancestral shrines of Han Chang’an city reveals that the kingdom era of ancient Chinese society was a time for the integration of rule through kinship and rule through territorial authority, while from the Qin-Han period to the Ming-Qing era was a time of centralized imperial power, where rule by territorial authority was primary, and rule through kinship was secondary.

The Use of Multimedia and its Impact on Bangladeshi EFL Learners at Tertiary Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Farzana Sharmin Pamela Islam
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

As 21st century is the era of modern technologies with different aspects, it offers us to make the best use of them. After tape recorder and overhead projector (OHP), multimedia has become an important part of language classroom facilities for its unique and effective application in delivering and learning lesson. Although in many parts of Bangladesh, a South Asian developing country, where English enjoys the status of a foreign language, the use of multimedia in teaching and learning is viewed as a matter of luxury. However, nowadays the usefulness and the necessity of it are well recognized by the academics as well as the government. The study aims to focus on the difference between a traditional classroom void of multimedia and multimedia equipped classrooms at university level by explaining how multimedia support the students with enhanced opportunity to interact with diverse texts that give them more in-depth comprehension of the subject. It also focuses on audio-visual advantage of multimedia on the students’ English language learning. The study has followed a qualitative method to get an in-depth understanding of the impact of using multimedia in an English language classroom at tertiary level. For this purpose, the data have been collected from two different sources. Firstly, from students’ written response to  an open ended question as to their comparative experience of learning  lessons with and without multimedia facilities; and secondly, through  observation of English language classes at a private university of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The discussion of the study is limited to  the use of multimedia in English language classroom using cartoons, images and music with a view to enhance students’ skills in academic writing, critical analysis of image and critical appreciation of music. For this purpose, cartoons in English language, images from Google and music from You Tube have got focused discussion in this paper.

Group Communication in City Planning Decisions (on the example urban projects of Moscow region)

Communicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Samoylova ◽  
O.A. Zhirkov ◽  
S.V. Belkin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Spatial Environment ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Planning Development ◽  
Political Economic

The authors set out the basics of urban planning policy and represent the capabilities of modern information and communication tools for an integrated way of fixing the material and intangible world for urban planning purposes in the living environment (material and spatial environment). Namely, the possibilities of communication in the field of urban planning development carried out in the context of many circumstances cover federal, regional, municipal and corporate levels of management, while taking into account political, economic, social and technological relevant factors, as well as historical and national special aspects and urban planning typology of territories. The authors describe the operation of the developed computer program Decision Support Solutions (DSS) for evaluating decision options by interested participants in urban planning activities for various urban planning types of territories. The relevance of the article is driven by the need for practical use and legalization of the presented communicative interaction. This will facilitate the identification and solution of conflicts at the pre-project stage of urban planning, as should help to consider the requirements of consumers and their support for ongoing decisions and actions of public authorities at all levels.

Australian Orthodontists Utilization and Attitude Toward a Government Funded Cleft Scheme

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562198912
Author(s):  
Morgan Wishney ◽  
Aziz Sahu-Khan ◽  
Peter Petocz ◽  
M. Ali Darendeliler ◽  
Alexandra K. Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Australian Society ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Orthodontic Training ◽  
University Training

Objectives: To (1) survey Australian orthodontists about their involvement with a government-funded scheme for patients with clefts, the Medicare Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate Scheme (MCLCPS) and (2) investigate their attitude toward treating patients with clefts and their training in this respect. Design: A 13-question online survey was distributed to members of the Australian Society of Orthodontists. The survey gathered information regarding respondent demographics, the number of MCLCPS-eligible patients seen in the past 12 months and usual billing practices. Results: A total of 96 complete responses were obtained. About 70% of respondents had treated MCLCPS-eligible patients in the past 12 months and 55% saw between 2 and 5 patients during this time. The likelihood of treating patients with clefts increased by a factor of 4.8 (95% CI: 1.2-18.9) if practicing outside of a capital city and 1.5 times for each decade increase in orthodontist’s age (95% CI: 1.0-2.2). The MCLCPS was utilized by 81% of orthodontists with 26% of these respondents accepting rebate only. Most orthodontists felt their university training could have better prepared them to treat patients with clefts. A minority of orthodontists felt that a rebate increase would make them more likely to treat these patients. Conclusions: Australian orthodontists who treat patients with clefts tend to be older and work outside of capital cities. The decision to treat these patients tends to not be financially motived. Specialty orthodontic training programs could improve the preparedness of their graduates to treat patients with clefts.

Retail Suburbanization, Modernization, and Growth in Sydney during Australia’s Postwar Boom

2021 ◽  
pp. 009614422110236
Author(s):  
Matthew Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
And Function ◽  
Retail Formats ◽  
Car Driving

This article uses Sydney as a case study to examine the process of retail decentralization during Australia’s postwar boom, showing how the form and function of capital city retailing changed completely in just a couple of decades. Suburban migration, the emergence of mobile car-driving consumers, socially constructed gender roles, the ongoing importance of public transport networks, planning regimes that sought to concentrate development in designated zones, and business growth strategies that deployed retail formats developed in America all played a role in shaping the form and function of Australian retailing during the postwar boom. In the process, the retail geographies of Australia’s capital cities were transformed from highly centralized distribution structures dominated by the urban core, to decentralized landscapes of retail clusters featuring modern retail forms like the supermarket and shopping center that would come to define Australian retailing for the remainder of the century.

scholarly journals Colonial legacies: Shaping African cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj G Baruah ◽  
J Vernon Henderson ◽  
Cong Peng
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
New Developments ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Compact Development ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Dual Mandate

Abstract Institutions persisting from colonial rule affect the spatial structure and conditions under which 100s of millions of people live in Sub-saharan African cities. In a sample of 318 cities, Francophone cities have more compact development than Anglophone, overall, in older colonial sections, and at clear extensive margins long after the colonial era. Compactness covers intensity of land use, gridiron road structures and leapfrogging of new developments. Why the difference? Under British indirect and dual mandate rule, colonial and native sections developed without coordination. In contrast, integrated city planning and land allocation were featured in French direct rule. These differences in planning traditions persist.1

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