scholarly journals HIV Seroprevalence among the Patients or Clients Obtaining Blood Sample at BSMMU Virology Laboratory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Nahida Sultana ◽  
Mahbuba Sharmin ◽  
Tangia Muquith ◽  
Umme Shahera
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exposure History ◽  
Anti Hiv

Departments of Virology (DVs), BSMMU receive patients from every background, socioeconomic group and health status. Hence, DVs can play a critical role in offering human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and help in the national strategy of early HIV detection. The present study was conducted on 1208 patients attending DVs after taking Institutional Review Board approval. They were screened for HIV antibodies by three rapid/simple assay tests having different principles/antigens as per the WHO guidelines. Forty four (13.6%) of the 1208 patients were HIV reactive and 1164(96.4%) were negative respectively. Distribution of patients on the basis of gender where 894 (74.1%) were male and 313 (25.9%) were female out of 1208 patients or clients. Distribution of study subject on the basis of exposure history where 378(38.8%) patients or clients had history of exposure and 830 (68.7%) patients or clients did not. Distribution of the patients on the basis of purpose of screening where patients were in three groups (Screening before operation, Positive exposure history and To exclude HIV infection during failure of drug Rx) where 776(64.2%) patients were done anti-HIV test due to screening purpose before operation, 378(31.1%) patients were done this test due to Positive exposure history exposure history and 54(4.5%) patients done this due to exclude HIV infection during failure of drug treatment. Prevalence of HIV infection was more among 21-40yrs age group than other age group(18mon-20yrs,41-60yrs&>60yrs) which is not significant . Data shows there was significant association of anti-HIV positivity with exposure history of the patients or clients. Prevalence of HIV infection was more among patients or clients who had history of exposure. Prevalence of HIV was more among the patients who were done screening test due to failure of drugs than other two purposes. Bangladesh is still considered as a low HIV/AIDS prevalent country. However, it is at a critical moment in the course of its AIDS epidemic. It is estimated that there are 13,000 HIV-positive people in the country and that HIV prevalence in the adult population is less than 0.01%. However, the country's vulnerability is very high. National HIV surveillance indicates that the rate of HIV infection among street-based sex workers in central Bangladesh is high compared with sex workers in other parts of South Asia. HIV among injecting drug users is already 10.5%.The presence of covert multi-partner sexual activity and denial, the low level of knowledge and low condom use, unsafe professional blood donations, lack of a desirable environment and violation of Human Rights, all contribute to the spread of HIV in Bangladesh. Thus, the study emphasizes the need for expansion of routine voluntary HIV counseling and testing to all the patients who come to the DV and practicing universal work precautions by health care workers.  

scholarly journals New HIV Infection Estimation from Program Data of Key Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-399
Author(s):  
Richard L Chawngthu ◽  
Venkatesan Chakrapani ◽  
Padum Narayan ◽  
Vinita Verma ◽  
Shobini Rajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Targeted Intervention ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Program Data

In India, HIV sentinel surveillance is carried out to estimate the prevalence of HIV for calibrating the response. However, estimate of new HIV infections is also needed to monitor the effectiveness of prevention strategies. We used Targeted Intervention Program data of Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) and Female Sex Workers (FSWs) enrolled in Targeted Intervention (TI) programme in Aizawl district of Mizoram state to estimate the trend in new HIV infection rate. Those who had tested HIV positive in a particular year but were negative in the previous HIV test were considered to be newly infected. New HIV infections were found to have a rising trend from 2010 to 2019 (p<0.01). The new infection rate of HIV was 6.73% among IDUs and 1.94% among FSWs in 2019. This analysis, which requires minimal resources, may be undertaken at regular interval in all Targeted Intervention Programs to monitor the effect of preventive strategies at local level.

scholarly journals Sentinel surveillance of HIV infection in HIV test clinics, Spain 1992-2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Barrasa ◽  
J Castilla ◽  
J del Romero ◽  
I Pueyo ◽  
C de Armas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Study Population

HIV infection in Spain was monitored in persons undergoing voluntary HIV testing in ten sentinel clinics between 1992 and 2002. Only patients on their first visit were considered for inclusion, and their numbers rose from 4426 in 1992 to 6649 in 2002. Most of them recognised their risk exposure as heterosexual. The proportion of injecting drug users decreased from 19% to 2% of the study population, and the proportion of female sex workers increased from 6% to 26%. The number of patients diagnosed with HIV infection declined from 604 in 1992 to 153 in 2002, and HIV prevalence fell from 13.6% to 2.3% in the same period. In all risk exposure categories, a decrease in HIV prevalence was observed, more pronounced during the first few years and stabilised in the later years. In 2002, the highest HIV prevalence was found in injecting drug users (IDUs) (14.2%), homo/bisexual men (7.5%) and individuals who had an HIV infected heterosexual partner (10.2%).

scholarly journals To study the prevalence of HIV infection amongst antenatal women in a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3872
Author(s):  
Mahima Jain ◽  
Bhargavkumar K. Nimavat
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv

Background: India has an estimated 2.1 million persons living with HIV in 2011. The prevalence of HIV among adult population has consistently declined over the last one decade from 0.4% in 2000 to 0.27% in 2011.HIV transmission from infected mother to baby is known to occur. The effective use of Antiretroviral drugs is known to reduce the risk significantly.Methods: This is a retrospective data analysis to know the prevalence of HIV infection among antenatal women attending a tertiary care hospital. All antenatal females are offered pretest counseling, sample collected and tested as per NACO guidelines by Rapid test and ELISA. Results of the test are disclosed after posttest counseling and kept confidential.Results: The seroprevalence over five years in the present study ranges from 0.466% to 0.278%. Women in the age group 21-25 years shows high prevalence due to peak sexual activity in this age group. 56.66% Husbands of these females are reactive which shows the major source of infection.Conclusions: The present study stresses the need to target the population mainly between 21-30 years in various Government programmes, thereby to reduce the transmission from parent to child.

scholarly journals HIV INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS IN MOSCOW

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Mikhail Valerevich Sinitsyn ◽  
S. E. Borisov ◽  
E. M. Belilovskiy ◽  
E. M. Bogorodskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The study is devoted to the evaluation of the impact of the spread of HIV infection on the epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in a megacity. Based on information from the registers of the tuberculosis monitoring system in Moscow for 2014-2015. A comparative analysis of indicators for patients with tuberculosis was conducted with the presence and absence of co-infected HIV infection. The results showed that among patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, patients from the city’s permanent population, from the age group of 31-40 years old, non-working, injecting drug users are much more likely than other TB patients. The number of tuberculosis patients who died of HIV infection, in comparison with the number of patients who died from tuberculosis, accounted for more than a third of the total number of tuberculosis-related deaths. Thus, when assessing the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of HIV infection to the values of the main indicators and their dynamics.

The natural history of HIV infection in intravenous drug users

AIDS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Rezza ◽  
Adriano Lazzarin ◽  
Gioacchino Angarano ◽  
Alessandro Sinicco ◽  
Raffaele Pristerà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
History Of

HIV INFECTION AMONG COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS AND INJECTING DRUG USERS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1017-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIE BRUCKOVA ◽  
KENNETH C. EARHART ◽  
LASZLO SUMEGH ◽  
GAIL D. CHAPMAN ◽  
JANA VANDASOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
The Czech Republic

The role of sex worker clients in transmission of HIV in Cambodia

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leng Bun Hor ◽  
Roger Detels ◽  
Sopheab Heng ◽  
Phalkun Mun
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

The study investigated whether clients of sex workers are a bridge for transmission of HIV to the general population of Cambodia. We interviewed and collected blood from 468 clients attending 30 randomly selected brothels in three provinces of Cambodia. The levels of HIV knowledge and condom use, and prevalence of HIV (9.2%) were high. Almost 40% of those interviewed had sex with women other than sex workers (wives, girlfriends, etc.), but rarely used condoms. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates were high, but most sought treatment from pharmacies. HIV infection was correlated with a history of STD, having had an HIV test, not living with one's wife, a high level of HIV/AIDS knowledge, and condom slippage/breakage. Clients are a major bridge for HIV transmission from sex workers. Current condom promotion programmes need to target non-sex worker intercourse. More effective, acceptable STD-control strategies need to be implemented and evaluated.

scholarly journals Epigenetic control of IRF1 responses in HIV-exposed seronegative versus HIV-susceptible individuals

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 2649-2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruey-Chyi Su ◽  
Aida Sivro ◽  
Joshua Kimani ◽  
Walter Jaoko ◽  
Francis A. Plummer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 2 ◽  
Hiv Exposed

Abstract Not all individuals exposed to HIV become infected. Understanding why these HIV-exposed seronegative individuals remain uninfected will help inform the development of preventative measures against HIV infection. Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF1) plays a critical role both in host antiviral immunity and in HIV-1 replication. This study examined IRF1 expression regulation in the ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-exposed seronegative commercial sex workers who can be epidemiologically defined as relatively resistant to HIV infection (HIV-R), versus HIV-uninfected, susceptible controls (HIV-S). Whereas HIV-susceptible individuals demonstrated a biphasic, prolonged increase in IRF1 expression after interferon-γ stimulation, HIV-R individuals demonstrated a robust, but transient response. We also found that the IRF1 promoter in HIV-R was primed by increased basal histone deacetylase-2 binding, independently of transcription regulators, STAT1 and nuclear factor-κB/p65, implicating an epigenetic silencing mechanism. Interestingly, the transitory IRF1 response in HIV-R was sufficient in comparable regulation of interleukin-12 and interleukin-4 expression compared with the HIV-susceptible controls. This is the first study characterizing IRF1 responsiveness in individuals who demonstrate altered susceptibility to HIV infection. These data suggest that transitory IRF1 responsiveness in HIV-R may be one of the key contributors to the altered susceptibility to HIV infection during the early stages of primary HIV infection.

Previous STI and risk of HIV infection in men

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vall Mayans ◽  
J M Escribá
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
History Of

To determine the prevalence of a previous history of sexually transmitted infection (STI) and its influence as a risk factor for HIV infection among men tested for HIV, data from men having a voluntary HIV test at the STI Unit of Barcelona during a 6-month period of 1998 were analysed. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were done to examine the prevalence of previous STI and factors associated with HIV infection. Prevalences of HIV were 5.6% in homo/bisexual and 0.5% in heterosexual men ( P<0.001). Risk factors for HIV were STI history: odds ratio (OR)=8.7 and homo/bisexual behaviour: OR=6.6; 19.8% of heterosexuals had a history of STI compared with 44.2% of homo/bisexual men ( P<0.01). A previous STI was associated with HIV seropositivity in homosexual men.

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