scholarly journals Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a Charcoal-Fired Tomato Dehydrator for Developing Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Modupe Atinuke Oluleye
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Centrifugal Fan ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Total Fungi

For the purpose of enhancing the food security and economies of developing countries, thereby meeting the sustainable development goals (SDGs 2030) especially SDG No. 2, which is concerned with hunger alleviation, achieving food security, improving nutrition and promoting sustainable agriculture before the year 2030, an energy-efficient charcoal-fired tomatoes dehydrator having an efficiency of 88.6% and a drying rate of 0.51 kg/hour has been designed, fabricated and tested. It basically comprises of a combustion unit (CU) for heat energy generation through the combustion of charcoal, a heat exchanger unit (HEU) comprising of fins for efficient transfer of the generated heat through a 240 V 0.15 HP DC centrifugal fan and a drying unit (DU). The results of its performance evaluation showed that, with a safe drying air temperature of 50 oC at 6 m/s fan speed, the dehydrator is capable of drying 5 kg of tomatoes per batch from an initial moisture content of 94% to 22% with a final weight of 1.4 kg over a drying period of about 7 hours. The microbiological analysis conducted on the post-drying tomato sample revealed a total bacterial counts (TBC) of 1.61 x 102 cfu/g and a total fungi counts (TFC) of 0.27 x 102 cfu/g which are both far below the allowable limits (103 cfu/g) for human consumption. The dehydrator has proved effective for extending the shelf life of tomatoes by mitigating the rate of spoilage due to microbial activities through drying, thereby enhancing the food security and economy of developing countries.

scholarly journals Development and Performance Evaluation of a Small-scale Maize Harvester for Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
Julus H. Vodounnou ◽  
Emmanuel A. Ajav ◽  
Gontrand C. Bagan ◽  
Victorin K. Chegnimonhan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Drive Power ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Testing Experiment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Chain Conveyor

A small-scale maize harvester was designed and fabricated for developing countries and is composed of a harvester header, a chain conveyor, a drive power unit and a five-wheel tricycle. Fabrication of components was made and assembling of the devices on the tricycle was done. The performance evaluation of the small-scale maize harvester was done at 15% kernels moisture content (wet basis). Three rotational speeds of the engine, 1347, 1521 and 1937 rpm were used, while the forward velocity of the harvester was kept at an average of 0.617 km.hr-1. The testing experiment revealed significant effect of physical properties of maize (p<0,05). The highest machine capacity was obtained at 0.05 ha.hr-1, while the highest driving efficiency was 97.30% and the highest picking and conveying efficiencies were 84.11% and 98.21%, respectively. However, it was observed that the machine noise level decreased with increase in engine speed. Also, the engine speed affected both picking and conveying efficiencies. The designed machine is found suitable for most smallholder farms.

Capacity Development Initiatives for Marginal Communities

2006 ◽  
pp. 318-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aminul Islam ◽  
Elena Murelli ◽  
Frederick Noronha ◽  
Hakikur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Development Network

Capacity development initiatives for marginal communities with information and knowledge under the contemporary global scenario perhaps could be one of the effective instruments to make a meaningful change towards sustainable human development in developing countries. Information networking can play a key role in the initiatives toward enhancing opportunities for improved livelihood, health for all, food security, disaster management, and sustainable development. Best practices are already known in this regard such as e-commerce for better livelihood and employment, telemedicine for health, tele-food for food security, early warning for disaster preparedness, and sustainable development network as a comprehensive treatment for the sustainable development. This chapter focuses on how capacity development initiatives for marginal communities work with reference toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in developing countries. It approaches the issues and concerns related with the empowerment of the marginal communities, problems, and apprehensions in human and social capacity development in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. A lot more effort is required from governments, NGOs, and other multilateral agencies in order to bring about a sustainable mechanism of ICT planning, implementations, and development in developing countries. This chapter aims at highlighting the importance of ICT development, and the issues and concerns that are related for its expansion in the developing world for securing sustainable development.

Design and performance evaluation of solar cookers for developing countries: The case of Mutoyi, Burundi

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 2206-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Riva ◽  
Matteo V. Rocco ◽  
Francesco Gardumi ◽  
Giorgio Bonamini ◽  
Emanuela Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
And Performance

Public-Private Partnership for Healthcare in China

2022 ◽  
pp. 328-348
Author(s):  
Poshan Yu ◽  
Yifei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Budgetary Control ◽  
Health Project ◽  
Important Means ◽  
And Performance

In order to ensure the sustainable development of public private partnership (PPP) model and make the PPP health project ultimately meet the public expectation, the budgetary control and performance evaluation for PPP project is an important research topic. Budgetary control and performance evaluation is not only an important basis for project performance improvement, but also an important means for public departments to monitor and manage PPP health projects. This chapter aims to examine the effectiveness of PPP projects on the healthcare service provision in China. By analyzing the regional government finance and performances, this chapter attempts to elaborate the current dynamic of Chinese healthcare resources allocation by using PPP, and how this dynamic could be associated with the changing landscape of local economic conditions, in particular whether the application of PPP would help those regions with poor economic performance to close a gap in healthcare delivery.

scholarly journals Biofortification of essential nutritional compounds and trace elements in rice and cassava

2006 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sautter ◽  
S. Poletti ◽  
P. Zhang ◽  
W. Gruissem
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
World Population ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Rice Varieties

Plant biotechnology can make important contributions to food security and nutritional improvement. For example, the development of ‘Golden Rice’ by Professor Ingo Potrykus was a milestone in the application of gene technology to deliver both increased nutritional qualities and health improvement to wide sections of the human population. Mineral nutrient and protein deficiency as well as food security remain the most important challenges for developing countries. Current projects are addressing these issues in two major staple crops, cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and rice. The tropical root crop cassava is a major source of food for approximately 600 million of the population worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa >200 million of the population rely on cassava as their major source of dietary energy. The nutritional quality of the cassava root is not sufficient to meet all dietary needs. Rice is the staple food for half the world population, providing approximately 20% of the per capita energy and 13% of the protein for human consumption worldwide. In many developing countries the dietary contributions of rice are substantially greater (29·3% dietary energy and 29·1% dietary protein). The current six most popular ‘mega’ rice varieties (in terms of popularity and acreage), including Chinese hybrid rice, have an incomplete amino acid profile and contain limited amounts of essential micronutrients. Rice lines with improved Fe contents have been developed using genes that have functions in Fe absorption, translocation and accumulation in the plant, as well as improved Fe bioavailability in the human intestine. Current developments in biotechnology-assisted plant improvement are reviewed and the potential of the technology in addressing human nutrition and health are discussed.

scholarly journals Ballast Contamination Mechanisms: A Criterial Review of Characterisation and Performance Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Daniel Bassey ◽  
Ben Ngene ◽  
Isaac Akinwumi ◽  
Victor Akpan ◽  
Gideon Bamigboye
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Track Maintenance ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Particle Fragmentation ◽  
The World ◽  
And Performance

Across the world, ballasted railway tracks are utilised extensively due to their cost efficiency, ease of drainage, and capacity to withstand cyclic imposed loadings from heavy trains. In spite of these benefits, the ballast is often considered as a flexible medium; as such, its continuous deterioration is largely disregarded. Geotechnical challenges such as ballast contamination in the form of particle fragmentation, deposition of weathered materials, upward pumping of clay and fines from underlayers, and coal intrusion have led to differential settlements and reduced drainability of tracks, thereby exacerbating track maintenance costs. This study reviews existing works of literature to expound on the mechanisms for ballast contamination and to highlight the fundamental parameters that guide the characterisation and performance evaluation of railway ballasts. The study shows that ballast fragmentation accounts for about 76% of commonly recorded contaminations, while it is also observed as the most critical to track stability. As such, a variety of indices and specifications for ballast gradation have been established worldwide to guide practice in ballast characterisation and performance evaluation. However, the mechanisms of ballast fragmentation and deterioration require further research to guide the improvement of contemporary guidelines, and mitigate the risk of abrupt track failures, especially in developing countries.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Solar Tunnel Dryer for Drying of Garlic.

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjoo Arjoo ◽  
Yadvika Yadvika ◽  
Y.K. Yadaadav
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Tunnel Drier ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Tunnel Dryer ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
And Performance

This paper presents dying efficiency and performance of the solar tunnel dryer for drying of garlic. The dryer is a tunnel like semi-cylindrical in shape, poly house made up of UV-stabilized polyethylene sheet. The capacity is large enough that it can be used to dry 400 kg of garlic under controlled environmental conditions. The temperature inside the dryer was always higher than the ambient and the variation varied from 8-30 ºC. Initial moisture content of garlic was reduced from 66 % (w.b.) to about 9 % (w.b.) in 9 days which is considered to be a safe level. During the drying process the average thermal efficiency of the drier was estimated to be about 13.45 %. Drying time was considerably reduced with the use of a solar tunnel drier and pressing of the sample. Also, the final dried garlic was found to be good in terms of quality and sensory evaluation shows that it is highly acceptable.

Capacity Development Initiatives for Marginal Communities

2011 ◽  
pp. 110-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aminul Islam ◽  
Elena Murelli ◽  
Frederick Noronha ◽  
Hakikur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Development Network

Capacity development initiatives for marginal communities with information and knowledge under the contemporary global scenario perhaps could be one of the effective instruments to make a meaningful change towards sustainable human development in developing countries. Information networking can play a key role in the initiatives toward enhancing opportunities for improved livelihood, health for all, food security, disaster management, and sustainable development. Best practices are already known in this regard such as e-commerce for better livelihood and employment, telemedicine for health, tele-food for food security, early warning for disaster preparedness, and sustainable development network as a comprehensive treatment for the sustainable development. This chapter focuses on how capacity development initiatives for marginal communities work with reference toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in developing countries. It approaches the issues and concerns related with the empowerment of the marginal communities, problems, and apprehensions in human and social capacity development in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. A lot more effort is required from governments, NGOs, and other multilateral agencies in order to bring about a sustainable mechanism of ICT planning, implementations, and development in developing countries. This chapter aims at highlighting the importance of ICT development, and the issues and concerns that are related for its expansion in the developing world for securing sustainable development.

scholarly journals Global trends in world fisheries: impacts on marine ecosystems and food security

2005 ◽  
Vol 360 (1453) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Pauly ◽  
Reg Watson ◽  
Jackie Alder
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Developed World

This contribution, which reviews some broad trends in human history and in the history of fishing, argues that sustainability, however defined, rarely if ever occurred as a result of an explicit policy, but as result of our inability to access a major part of exploited stocks. With the development of industrial fishing, and the resulting invasion of the refuges previously provided by distance and depth, our interactions with fisheries resources have come to resemble the wars of extermination that newly arrived hunters conducted 40 000–50 000 years ago in Australia, and 11 000–13 000 years ago against large terrestrial mammals arrived in North America. These broad trends are documented here through a map of change in fish sizes, which displays characteristic declines, first in the nearshore waters of industrialized countries of the Northern Hemisphere, then spread offshore and to the Southern Hemisphere. This geographical extension met its natural limit in the late 1980s, when the catches from newly accessed stocks ceased to compensate for the collapse in areas accessed earlier, hence leading to a gradual decline of global landing. These trends affect developing countries more than the developed world, which have been able to meet the shortfall by increasing imports from developing countries. These trends, however, together with the rapid growth of farming of carnivorous fishes, which consumes other fishes suited for human consumption, have led to serious food security issues. This promotes urgency to the implementation of the remedies traditionally proposed to alleviate overfishing (reduction of overcapacity, enforcement of conservative total allowable catches, etc.), and to the implementation of non–conventional approaches, notably the re–establishment of the refuges (also known as marine reserves), which made possible the apparent sustainability of pre–industrial fisheries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document