Performance Evaluation of Solar Tunnel Dryer for Drying of Garlic.

This paper presents dying efficiency and performance of the solar tunnel dryer for drying of garlic. The dryer is a tunnel like semi-cylindrical in shape, poly house made up of UV-stabilized polyethylene sheet. The capacity is large enough that it can be used to dry 400 kg of garlic under controlled environmental conditions. The temperature inside the dryer was always higher than the ambient and the variation varied from 8-30 ºC. Initial moisture content of garlic was reduced from 66 % (w.b.) to about 9 % (w.b.) in 9 days which is considered to be a safe level. During the drying process the average thermal efficiency of the drier was estimated to be about 13.45 %. Drying time was considerably reduced with the use of a solar tunnel drier and pressing of the sample. Also, the final dried garlic was found to be good in terms of quality and sensory evaluation shows that it is highly acceptable.

Download Full-text

Pengeringan Biji Kakao dengan Pengering Surya Tipe Terowong Berpenggerak Sel Fotovoltaik di Manokwari

Agrotek ◽

10.30862/agt.v2i6.540 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Wilson Palelingan Aman

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Performance Test ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Photovoltaic Module ◽

Cocoa Beans ◽

Drying Time ◽

Tunnel Dryer ◽

Heat Collector ◽

New Construction

<em>A research about cocoa beans drying used solar tunnel dryer with photovoltaic module driven have conducted in Manokwari. Solar tunnel dryer used in this research adapted from type Hohenheim with photovoltaic module and integrated air heat collector has been installed at the Department of Agricultural Technology, Papua State University Manokwari to dried cocoa beans. The objectives of this research were to design solar tunnel dryer and evaluate it�s performance in dryed cocoa beans. The result obtained was a new construction of solar tunnel dryer for cocoa beans with dimensions 6 m of length and 0,9 m of wide. The dryer completed with photovoltaic module to drive the blowers of hot drying air. �Performance test of the dryer showed that drying of 10 kg of cocoa beans with initial moisture content about 70% wet basis needed 13 hours of drying time to achieved final moisture content about 7,17% wet basis. The drying time achieved was faster compared than traditional solar drying that needed 20 hours of drying time. The maximum temperature achieved in drying chamber was 60 <sup>o</sup>C.</em>

Download Full-text

Cherry Tomato Drying: Sun versus Convective Oven

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7030040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Vincenzo Alfeo ◽

Diego Planeta ◽

Salvatore Velotto ◽

Rosa Palmeri ◽

Aldo Todaro

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Time ◽

Oven Drying ◽

Sun Drying ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Final Water Content ◽

Drying Curves ◽

Drying Conditions

Solar drying and convective oven drying of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were compared. The changes in the chemical parameters of tomatoes and principal drying parameters were recorded during the drying process. Drying curves were fitted to several mathematical models, and the effects of air temperature during drying were evaluated by multiple regression analyses, comparing to previously reported models. Models for drying conditions indicated a final water content of 30% (semidry products) and 15% (dry products) was achieved, comparing sun-drying and convective oven drying at three different temperatures. After 26–28 h of sun drying, the tomato tissue had reached a moisture content of 15%. However, less drying time, about 10–11 h, was needed when starting with an initial moisture content of 92%. The tomato tissue had high ORAC and polyphenol content values after convective oven drying at 60 °C. The dried tomato samples had a satisfactory taste, color and antioxidant values.

Download Full-text

Development and performance evaluation of a solar tunnel date dryer in Oman

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] ◽

10.24200/jams.vol17iss0pp21-31 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Basunia ◽

Hamid H. Al-Handali ◽

Mohammed Issa Al-Belushi ◽

Mohammad Shafiur Rahman ◽

Osman Maghoub

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Average Moisture Content ◽

Air Velocity ◽

Sun Drying ◽

Tunnel Dryer ◽

Moisture Content Level ◽

Collector Region ◽

And Performance

Taking into consideration the date harvesting and landholding capacities of the marginalized rural farmers in Oman, a 12 meter long and 2 meter wide tunnel was designed and constructed to dry about 180-200 kg of freshly harvested dates per batch. Half of the tunnel base was used as a flat plate air heating solar collector and the other half as a dryer. The drying air was forced from the collector region (South side) to the drying region (North side) of the half circled tunnel where the product is to be dried. The drying temperature could be easily raised by some 5-30 oC above the ambient temperature inside the tunnel at an air velocity of approximately 0.5 m/sec. The test was conducted with 190.2 kg freshly harvested dates with initial moisture content of 32.8% (wet-basis) to analyze the performance of the dryer. The dates were dried to a final average moisture content of 18.6% (wet-basis) within two days (20 hours). The results indicated that the drying was faster in a solar tunnel dryer than the natural open air sun drying. It was possible to reach the moisture content level for safe storage within less than two days (20 hrs) with a solar tunnel dryer and 5-7 days in open air natural sun drying. The improvement in the quality of dates in terms of color and brightness was distinctly recognized.

Download Full-text

Ultrasound Drying of Rose Hips: a Process Study

Food Processing Techniques and Technology ◽

10.21603/2074-9414-2020-1-79-86 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 79-86

Author(s):

Elena Verboloz ◽

Marina Ivanova ◽

Vera Demchenko ◽

Sergey Fartukov ◽

Nikita Evona

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Quality Indicators ◽

State Standard ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Raw Material ◽

Drying Process ◽

Resource Saving ◽

Drying Time

Introduction. Rose hips are rich in macro- and micronutrients. Unfortunately, heat treatment destroys most nutrients. Ultrasonic technologies make it possible to reduce the drying time and lower the temperature regime. The research objective was to adjust ultrasound technology to rose hip production in order to reduce the loss of vitamins and improve the quality indicators of the dried product. Study objects and methods. The research featured rose hips of the Rosa canina species collected in the south of Kazakhstan. This subspecies of wild rose is poor in vitamin C. Nevertheless, this shrub is extremely common in Russia and other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The raw material was dried according to standard methods. One group of samples was treated with ultrasound, while the other served as control. Both groups underwent a sensory evaluation and were tested for moisture and vitamin C. Results and discussion. The rose hips were dried in a combination steam oven with a built-in ultrasonic wave generator. The research revealed the following optimal parameters of the ultrasound drying process: frequency of ultrasonic vibrations – 22 kHz, processing time – 2.5 h, temperature in the combination steam oven – +56°C, initial moisture content – 30%. The resulting product met the requirements of State Standard. The loss of moisture was 57%. According to State Standard 1994-93, the initial moisture content should be 15% or less. Time decreased from 360 min to 160 min, and the initial moisture was 13%. The experiment confirmed the initial hypothesis that ultrasonic treatment improves the drying process by improving quality indicators and preserving vitamin C in raw materials using. Conclusion. Ultrasound treatment during moisture removal from rose hips provides a resource-saving technology that fulfills an economically and socially important function.

Download Full-text

Modelling of biomass temperature in the drying process

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015401004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 01004

Author(s):

Ewa Golisz ◽

Małgorzata Jaros ◽

Szymon Głowacki

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Direct Calculation ◽

Logistic Function ◽

Temperature Model ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Time ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Temperature Rate

The goal of the work was to propose and verify the model of temperature changes of the convective dried biomass depending on the drying time. The algebraic temperature model of the convective dried solid, giving the possibility of its direct calculation, was based on the logistic function of growth. Temperature model was verified for convective dried biomass: vegetable and wood (poplar and willow wood chips) significantly differing in initial moisture content. Parameter W in the temperature model, defined as the coefficient of temperature rate changes reaches greater values in higher temperature of drying air and for wood biomass which has lower initial moisture content. Empirically selected parameter W allows to verify the temperature model with the relative error less than 5%.

Download Full-text

Studies on drying characteristics and techno-economic analysis of sprouted moth beans (Vigna aconitifolia) in solar tunnel dryer

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/a-5180 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

C. M Badgujar ◽

O. S. Karpe ◽

S. R. Kalbande

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Economic Analysis ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Drying Time ◽

Sun Drying ◽

Tunnel Dryer ◽

Present Worth ◽

Drying Efficiency

A commercial solar tunnel dryer (STD) was evaluated for drying of sprouted moth beans and also its techno-economic analysis was carried out. The maximum temperature 58ºC was recorded at 13:00h in STD during the drying process i.e. 41.0% (34.2ºC) higher than the maximum ambient temperature at the same time. A total drying time of 13:50h were required in STD to reduce the initial moisture content from 177.7% dry basis (d.b) to a final moisture content of 16.6% (d.b). However, the open sun drying took 16.5 drying hours to obtain desired moisture content. The net present worth and cost-benefit ratio of dryer was Rs.5,83,910.68/- and 1.19, respectively. However, the payback period for STD was 15 month 8 days. The cost economics of dried products were proved better for STD than open sun drying method. STD samples were found to be of good quality in terms of color, taste and aroma as compared to open sun dried (OSD) with an overall drying efficiency of STD was 19.7%. Therefore, the evaluated solar tunnel dryer were recommended for the drying of sprouted moth beans.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh kecepatan udara dan massa gabah terhadap kecepatan pengeringan gabah menggunakan pengering terfluidisasi

Dinamika Teknik Mesin ◽

10.29303/d.v7i1.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Syahrul ◽

M. Mirmanto ◽

S. Romdani ◽

S. Sukmawaty

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

National Standards ◽

Drying Process ◽

Air Velocity ◽

Drying Time ◽

Grain Processing ◽

Grain Moisture ◽

Time Required ◽

Drying Chamber

Grain processing does not meet the actual grain harvests. This is due to the unsuitable drying process. Milling grain entrepreneurs and farmers in Indonesia are currently conducting a drying process under the sun. Based on the National Standards Body (BSN), grain moisture content must be at 14% to maintain the grain at high qualities. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of velocity and grain mass variations on drying times. The grain used in this study contains an initial moisture content of 22% ± 0.5%. The grain is dried by inserting it into the drying chamber and varying the air velocities and grain mass. The air velocities used are 4 m/s, 5 m/s, 6 m/s and the variations of the grain mass are 1 kg 2 kg and 3 kg. The results show that increasing the air velocity decreases the drying time. On the other hand, when the grain mass is increased, the drying time elevates. The air velocity and mass of the grain that results in the fastest drying time are 6 m/s and 2 kg. The time required for achieving the water content of 13.6% is 30 menit. At the air velocity of 4 m/s, and the grain masses of 1 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg, to achieve moisture contents of 13.4%, 13.5% and 13.4% the drying time needs 50 minutes.

Download Full-text

Drying kinetics of jatropha seeds

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2012000200004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Valdiney Cambuy Siqueira ◽

Osvaldo Resende ◽

Tarcísio Honório Chaves

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Time ◽

Mean Error ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Jatropha Seeds

Given the necessity of developing jatropha cultivation equipment, this work adjusted different mathematical models to experimental data obtained from the drying of jatropha seeds submitted to different drying conditions and selected the best model to describe the drying process. The experiment was carried out at the Federal Institute of Goiás - Rio Verde Campus. Seeds with initial moisture content of approximately 0.50 (kg water/kg dry matter) were dried in a forced air-ventilated oven, at temperatures of 45, 60, 75, 90 and 105°C to moisture content of 0.10 ± 0.005 (kg water/kg dry matter). The experimental data were adjusted to 11 mathematical models to represent the drying process of agricultural products. The models were compared using the coefficient of determination, chi-square test, relative mean error, estimated mean error and residual distribution. It was found that the increase in the air temperature caused a reduction in the drying time of seeds. The models Midilli and Two Terms were suitable to represent the drying process of Jatropha seeds and between them the use of the Midili model is recommended due to its greater simplicity.

Download Full-text

Performance Evaluation of a Solar Tunnel Dryer For Around The Year Use

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.5.3.22 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 414-421

Author(s):

Arjoo Arjoo ◽

Yadvika Yadvika ◽

Y.K. Yadav

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Load Condition ◽

Atmospheric Temperature ◽

Full Load ◽

Tunnel Dryer ◽

Full Loading ◽

Load Conditions

This study was done to evaluate the performance of a walk-in type solar tunnel dryer for around the year use. In the present study, the performance of solar tunnel dryer was evaluated at no load and at full load conditions. Full loading was done with garlic, chili, fenugreek and aonla candy according to their seasonal availability in Hisar, India. At no load condition, performance was evaluated during three seasons i.e summer, winter, and autumn. During full load, the dryer reduces the moisture content of garlic from 65% (w.b.) to about 8.5% (w.b.) in 8 days, chilli from 77%(w.b.) to 7% (w.b.) in 7 days, fenugreek from 86% (w.b.) to 7.2% (w.b.) in 5 days and aonla candy from 44% (w.b.) to a safe moisture content of 16%(w.b.).The thermal efficiency of the dryer was also measured and was found between 8.89% to 17.63%. A temperature of 15-30 ºC higher than the atmospheric temperature was recorded inside the dryer. Products dried were hygienic and their sensory evaluation showed that they were of good quality and highly acceptable.

Download Full-text

Performance Analysis of Red Chilli in a Hybrid Collector with Solar Dryer

Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) ◽

10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1516 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 1794-1802

Author(s):

E Murali, Et. al.

Keyword(s):

Performance Analysis ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Weight Basis ◽

Moisture Removal ◽

Drying Time ◽

Solar Dryer

This article performed various analysis on Red chilli by hybrid collector with solar dryer (HCSD). This study was carried out forced convection solar dryer which performed better in all aspects such as drying time, moisture removal rate, electrical efficiency, electrical thermal efficiency, thermal efficiency and overall thermal efficiency. In general, solar radiation was provided a sources of generating energy to drive a solar dryer. Hybrid collector has been provided the electrical and thermal energy to run a solar dryer. The solar dryer was tested by drying 12 kg of red chilli in the drying air temperature in the range of 32 0C – 56 0C. The initial moisture content of the red chilli was 71.5 % (weight basis) and was reduced to the final moisture content of 16.2 % (weight basis) in 6 consistent days with clear sunny days. The HCSD was operated between 9 hrs to 16 hrs. Finally, comparative study was also handled for better understanding in HCSD, in which solar dryer drying made better outcome than open sun drying.

Download Full-text