scholarly journals Tanah, Otoritas Politik, dan Stabilitas Ekonomi Kerajaan Mataram Islam (1613-1645 M)

Diakronika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zaid Munawar
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Core ◽  
Concentric Circles

This article examines issues of land, political authority, and economic stability of the Islamic Mataram Kingdom during the reign of Sultan Agung (1613-1645 AD). This study uses the historical method by carrying out steps such as topic selection, heuristics, verification, interpretation and historiography. This research shows that Sultan Agung as a king has full authority over land management in the entire territory of the Islamic Mataram Kingdom. So that the land can be managed properly, the Sultan Agung divides the land based on concentric circles of the territory, both in the territory of the Negara Agung, Mancanegara, and Pasisiran in order to build a community under the auspices of his government. There are three types of land that are known in this division, namely narawita land (land in the core area of ​​the kingdom which is used as agricultural land and plantations to produce rice, flowers, grass, oil, etc. for palace purposes), lungguh/apanage land (land in the territory of the Negara Agung, Mancanegara, and Pasisiran distributed to the nobles and royal officials as land salaries for their role in the continuity of the administration, and perdikan land (village land in which there are royal sacred buildings, such as places of worship, tombs, and the like, which are exempt from taxation as given to religious leaders (ulama and penghulu). These lands are mainly managed for agriculture as the most important economic source for the kingdom. The maximization of land management is able to have a positive impact on economic stability and governance in the Islamic Mataram Kingdom. Keywords: Land, Political Authority, Economic Stability, Islamic Mataram Kingdom Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji tentang persoalan tanah, otoritas politik, dan stabilitas ekonomi Kerajaan Mataram Islam pada masa kekuasaaan Sultan Agung (1613-1645 M). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan melakukan langkah-langkah seperti pemilihan topik, heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sultan Agung sebagai seorang raja memiliki otoritas penuh terhadap pengelolaan tanah di seluruh wilayah kekuasaan Kerajaan Mataram Islam. Agar tanah tersebut dapat dikelola dengan baik, maka Sultan Agung membagi tanah berdasarkan lingkaran konsentris wilayah kekuasaan, baik di wilayah Negara Agung, Mancanegara maupun Pasisiran demi membangun masyarakat yang berada dalam naungan pemerintahannya. Ada tiga jenis tanah yang dikenal dalam pembagian tersebut, yaitu tanah narawita (tanah di wilayah inti kerajaan yang digunakan sebagai tanah pertanian dan perkebunan agar menghasilkan padi, bunga, rumput, minyak, dan lain-lain untuk keperluan istana), tanah lungguh/apanage (tanah di wilayah Negara Agung, Mancanegara dan Pasisiran yang didistribusikan kepada para bangsawan dan pejabat tinggi kerajaan sebagai tanah gaji atas perannya terhadap kelangsungan jalannya pemerintahan), dan tanah perdikan (tanah desa yang di dalamnya terdapat bangunan suci kerajaan, seperti tempat ibadah, makam, dan semacamnya, yang dibebaskan dari pungutan pajak sebagaimana diberikan kepada para tokoh agama (ulama dan penghulu). Tanah-tanah tersebut dikelola terutama untuk pertanian sebagai sumber ekonomi terpenting bagi kerajaan. Maksimalisasi pengelolaan tanah tersebut mampu memberikan dampak positif bagi stabilitas ekonomi dan pemerintahan di Kerajaan Mataram Islam. Kata Kunci: Tanah, Otoritas Politik, Stabilitas Ekonomi, Kerajaan Mataram Islam

scholarly journals Total Degradation of Agricultural Landscapes and Development of Matrices of Land Management Problems in Stavropol Region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Loshakov ◽  
L V Kipa ◽  
T A Malykhina ◽  
M G Kasminin
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Management Problems ◽  
Stavropol Region

The article is devoted to the problems of agricultural land management in Stavropol region in the context of agro-climatic zones characterized by degradation processes. The subject is a qualitative state of agricultural landscapes of Stavropol and their protection, identification of degradation processes. Materials are result of the research conducted in Stavropol region in 2000–2017 by monitoring agricultural landscapes, using satellite imagery and space photos. The original method of building matrices of main land management problems helps present a real situation in all agro-climatic zones of Stavropol. The results and their analysis make it possible to develop and implement zonal integrated anti-erosion measures which have a positive impact on agricultural production, quality of agricultural landscapes, and ecology of the region.

PEMIKIRAN PENDIDIKAN SPIRITUAL SYAIKH 'ABD AL-QADIR AL-JILANIY

ALQALAM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Badrudin Badrudin
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Spiritual Education ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Educational Thought ◽  
The Core

The Principles of Islam requirehuman to maintain  and improve their moral values BuT in fact, many  Moslems  face problems of moral deteriora tion, crisis of beliefs, and moral decadence that happenin all aspects of life. This moral deterioration is often associated by  the  experts  of  education  with the failure of educat ion. The failure of education relates to the education system that has various components that affect each other. The elements needed in the education system are the goal of education , educators, students, tool s,  and  natural  surroundings. The results of this study indicate that the essence of  spiritual  learning obligations according to Syaikh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilaniy is araising the total of  truth towards  Allah SWT's path.  The aims of the learning areto implement knowledge and clean  the heart (tazkiyyah al-nafs) from worldly characters and the lust of dirtiness to ma'rifatullah. Spiritual educators are  those who  practice  the law of Allah, clean the heart and  guide  students to the  safety of life  in the Hereafter . Learners constantly face Allah and obey Him, do not meet the call besides Allah, listen  to  the  call  of  Allah  and implement everything stated in the Qur ·an  and  the  Prophet tradition. Teaching method used is the method of mau'izhah, sima',  ahwal ,   and   muhasabah  fial-nafs (introspection). Educational materials are  based  on  the  basics  of  spiritual education in the Qur'an, the Prothet tradition. and the opinion of Muslim religious leaders who have noble characters and integrate science.  Moral education  is  the core of Islamic education. The implications of the spiritual educational thought of Syaikh 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilaniy toward the reality of Islamic education in Indonesia is the emphasis of moral education that leads to a balance relationship  between  the  exoteric  and esoteric aspects of the learning process.

Agricultural Land Management Options Following Large-Scale Environmental Contamination: Evaluation for Fukushima Affected Agricultural Land

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegarde Vandenhove
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Agricultural Land Management

The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant has raised questions about the accumulation of radionuclides in soils, the transfer in the foodchain and the possibility of continued restricted future land use. This paper summarizes what is generally understood about the application of agricultural countermeasures as a land management option to reduce the radionuclides transfer in the food chain and to facilitate the return of potentially affected soils to agricultural practices in areas impacted by a nuclear accident.

A Study on the Planning Method of Underground Space in Urban Core District - Taking Hangzhou Eastern New City Zone as an Example

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1411-1420
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Si Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Development Project ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Underground Space ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The Core ◽  
Railway Construction ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
New City

Nowadays, Underground space exploitation is one of the directions of the main focus in the construction of Hangzhou. This paper comprehensively introduces the schematic design of the underground space exploitation of Hangzhou east station, combined with the underground space development project of the core area in Hangzhou eastern new city zone. Firstly, the background of the surrounding area is discussed to illuminate the important status of the core area of eastern new city zone in Hangzhou’s future construction. Then, the holistic design concept and construction goal of the underground space exploitation of the core area are presented, and its functions and layout are clarified focusing on the railway construction and circumjacent exploitation project of Hangzhou east station. Lastly, the executive plan about the underground space exploitation of the core area of Hangzhou eastern new city zone is expatiated comprehensively.

Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity Assessment: French Simplified Analysis Method Applied to Underclad Postulated Defect in Nozzle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolfo Arrieta-Ruiz ◽  
Eric Meister ◽  
Stéphane Vidard
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Reactor Pressure Vessel ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
The Core ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Reactor Pressure

Structural integrity of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is one of the main concerns regarding safety and lifetime of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) since this component is considered as not reasonably replaceable. Fast fracture risk is the main potential damage considered in the integrity assessment of RPV. In France, deterministic integrity assessment for RPV vis-à-vis the brittle fracture risk is based on the crack initiation stage. As regards the core area in particular, the stability of an under-clad postulated flaw is currently evaluated under a Pressurized Thermal Shock (PTS) through a dedicated fracture mechanics simplified method called “beta method”. However, flaw stability analyses are also carried-out in several other areas of the RPV. Thence-forward performing uniform simplified inservice analyses of flaw stability is a major concern for EDF. In this context, 3D finite element elastic-plastic calculations with flaw modelling in the nozzle have been carried out recently and the corresponding results have been compared to those provided by the beta method, codified in the French RSE-M code for under-clad defects in the core area, in the most severe events. The purpose of this work is to validate the employment of the core area fracture mechanics simplified method as a conservative approach for the under-clad postulated flaw stability assessment in the complex geometry of the nozzle. This paper presents both simplified and 3D modelling flaw stability evaluation methods and the corresponding results obtained by running a PTS event. It shows that the employment of the “beta method” provides conservative results in comparison to those produced by elastic-plastic calculations for the cases here studied.

Agroecological Characteristics of lands spread in the territory of Mil-Karabakh cadastry district (in the example of Agdam district)

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Vüqar İmanəli oğlu Cəfərov ◽  
◽  
Rəşad Mais oğlu Qubatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Fundamental reforms are being carried out in many spheres of the national economy in our republic. In particular, the development of the agricultural sector in the liberated territories is one of the main goals today. It is very important to reorganize the agrarian sector on the basis of the adopted laws, to use lands efficiently, and to organize agricultural land management in a modern form. The article studied the agrochemical properties of meadow-gray soils in the territory of Aghdam region and determined that the 0-100 cm layer of soils is poorly supplied with common and active forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements. Key words: Mil-Garabagh, Ağdam district, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, meadow-gray soils, cadastre, fertility

scholarly journals Core area and centre of activity of maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger) (Mammalia, Canidae), submitted to supplemental feeding

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim de Araújo Silva ◽  
Sônia Aparecida Talamoni
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Method ◽  
Artificial Feeding ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
M Cell ◽  
The Core ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Fixed Kernel ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

Based on the finding of remains (tracks, scats, and hairs), an analysis was made of the core area and centre of activity of maned wolves, Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815), living in a private natural reserve in which ecotourism activities are developed and these animals are daily fed bovine meat. A total of 465 samples of remains were recorded. Using the fixed kernel method, the area encompassing all samples recorded was estimated at 25.7 km², yet 50% of all samples were found in an area of only 1.5 km², representing 5.8% of the total area covered. For estimating the core area of the animals, the frequency of occurrence of the samples was determined by superimposing a 50 x 50 m cell grid over a map of the area encompassing all recorded occurrences. Based on the cells containing more than six occurrences, the animals' core area was 0.99 km², which included the place where the animals are fed. The centre of activity was located only 0.50 km from this place. The high negative correlation (r = -0.93, p < 0.05) between the densities of the recorded occurrences and the distances from these to the sanctuary indicates that the core area and centre of activity are conditioned by artificial feeding.

scholarly journals Lesion Distribution and Epidemiology ofMycobacterium bovisin Elk and White-Tailed Deer in South-Western Manitoba, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd K. Shury ◽  
Doug Bergeson
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Small Core ◽  
The Core ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Culture Positive

Surveillance forMycobacterium bovisin free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from south-western Manitoba was carried out from 1997 to 2010 to describe the lesions, epidemiology, and geographic distribution of disease. Tissues were cultured from animals killed by hunters, culled for management, blood-tested, or found opportunistically. Period prevalence in elk was approximately six times higher than deer, suggesting a significant reservoir role for elk, but that infected deer may also be involved. Prevalence was consistently higher in elk compared to deer in a small core area and prevalence declines since 2003 are likely due to a combination of management factors instituted during that time. Older age classes and animals sampled from the core area were at significantly higher risk of being culture positive. Positive elk and deer were more likely to be found through blood testing, opportunistic surveillance, and culling compared to hunting. No non-lesioned, culture-positive elk were detected in this study compared to previous studies in red deer.

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