Analisis Kontrastif Pemarkah Lokatif ‘di’  dalam Bahasa Indonesia dengan ‘ni’ dan ‘de’ dalam Bahasa Jepang

Contrastive analysis is a method that can be used to help the difficulties of a teacher in teaching a second language to their students, where learning a second language is strongly influenced by the mastery of the mother tongue. The purpose of this article is to describe comparison of passive sentences in Indonesian and English. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative to provide an overview of the form of the passive sentence and find differences and similarities between passive sentencesin Indonesian and English. Examples was created by the author herself taking into account the level of general acceptance by referring to the book of Tata Bahasa Indonesian and English Grammar. Passive sentences in Indonesian are characterized by use of the "di-", "ter" or "ke-". While in English it used “to be + V3 (Past participle)" which is based on the tenses used (time of occurrence). After comparing passive sentences in Indonesian and English, the author found similarities and differences. Analisis kontrastif merupakan suatu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk membantu kesulitan seorang pengajardalam mengajarkan bahasa kedua kepada para siswanya, di mana dalam mempelajari bahasa kedua sangat dipengaruhi oleh penguasaan bahasa ibu. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perbandingan kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif-kontras yang bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang bentuk kalimat pasif serta menemukan perbedaan dan persamaan kalimat pasif bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris. Contoh dibuat oleh penulis sendiri dengan mempertimbangkan tingkat keberterimaan secara umum dengan merujuk kepada buku Tata Bahasa Indonesia dan Grammar Bahasa Inggris. Kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Indonesia dilihat dari strukturnya menggunakan “di-”, “ter-” ataupun “ke-”. Sementara dalam bahasa Inggris hanya mengenal “to be+ V3 (Past Participle)” yang berdasarkankepada tenses yang digunakan (waktu kejadian). Setelah membandingkan kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Inggris, penulis telah menemukan persamaan dan perbedaannya.

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تغيرات الزيادة العربية والإندونيسية و تأديّتها في تعليم اللغة العربية

Abjadia ◽

10.18860/abj.v2i1.5310 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhamad Isbah Habibii

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

First Language ◽

Arabic Language ◽

National Language ◽

Foreign Languages ◽

Contrastive Analysis ◽

Language Analysis ◽

Level Of Difficulty ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Bahasa Indonesia

منذ 28 أكتوبر 1928 تكون اللغة الإندونيسية لغة رسمية في الإندونيسيا، وهي من اللغات الأوسترونية. ويبدو واضحا من الاختلافات الأنفة الذكر أنها يسبب لأخطأ دارس اللغة العربية. الدارس كثيراما يبدأ الأخطأ في عملية تدريس اللغة العربية. ومن بين اسباب الأخطأ هي خصائص اللغة الثانية أو لغة الهدف لا توجد في لغته الأم. أما المنهج الذي انتجته الباحثة في هذه الدراسة فهو البحث الوصفي والمنهج البحث المكتبي والميداني، ولتحقيقه استخدم هذا البحث البحث الإجرائي. ونتائج هذا البحث قسمان. الأول: وجوه التشبّهات و الإختلافات: فوجوه التشبّهات توجد 10 تشبّهات. ووجوه الإختلافات توجد 25 إختلافات. والثاني: تأديّته في تعليم اللغة العربية. أ) إن وجوه الإختلافات تؤدي إلى مواجهة الصعوبة في مهارة الكتابة. فينبغي للمدرس أن يختار وجوه التشبّهات؛ ب) هذه التقايلية كالأساس في صياغ التقنيق التعليمي في تعليم اللغة العربية ل سيما في ترتيب المواد اللغة لتكون سهلة ولائقة حسب المستوىSince October 28, 1928, Indonesian language is officially used by the Indonesian as national language. And when viewed from the clump of this language includes Austronesian based on the classification, and Arabic language includes semid based on the classification. This difference of classification leads to errors in learners’ language. Such as the first language fragmentation of a second language (Arabic) which is also called Interference language. To analyze this research, the researcher used contrastive analysis. The instruments used in this study are documentation, observation and interviews. The results of this study are divided into two poin, including: similarities and differences Affix Arabic And Indonesian. The first: aspect of the similarities there are ten similarities, and aspects of the two aspects of difference there are twenty-five differences. Second: The implication in maharah kitabah are: a) The contrastive analysis can be used to predict the mistakes of students studying foreign languages. The points of difference in each of the first and second language levels will give students difficulties in learning the second language. Preferably the same items will make it easier for students to learn a second language; b) The contrastive analysis can provide a comprehensive and consistent contribution and as a means of controlling the preparation of teaching materials and second language lessons efficiently. By comparison of differences in each level of language analysis, the material can be arranged according to the level of difficulty of each level.Sejak tanggal 28 Oktober 1928, bahasa Indonesia resmi digunakan oleh bangsa Indonesia sebagai bahasa nasional. Jika dilihat dari rumpunnya, bahasa ini termasuk rumpun bahasa Austronesia. Sedangkan bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa Semit. Perbedaan rumpun ini menyebabkan terjadinya kesalahan-kesalahan pada para pelajar bahasa tersebut seperti pergesekan bahasa pertama terhadap bahasa kedua (bahasa Arab) yang disebut juga dengan Interferensi bahasa. Peneliti menggunakan analisis kontrastif. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi, observasi dan wawancara. Adapun hasil penelitian ini terbagi menjadi dua, diantaranya: 1) Persamaan dan perbedaan afiksasi dalam bahasa Arab dan Indonesia. Terdapat sepuluh persamaan, meliputi faidah afiksasi dalam kedua bahasa. Selain itu, terdapat dua puluh lima perbedaan meliputi faidah afiksasi yang ada dalam kedua bahasa. 2) Implikasi Anakon terhadap maharah kitabah adalah: a) anakon dapat digunakan untuk meramal kesalahan siswa mempelajari bahasa asing atau bahasa kedua. Butir-butir perbedaan dalam tiap-tiap tataran bahasa pertama dan kedua memberikan kesulitan kepada para siswa dalam mempelajari bahasa kedua itu. Sebaiknya, guru menggunakan butir-butir yang sama untuk mempermudah siswa mempelajari bahasa kedua; b) anakon dapat memberikan satu sumbangan yang menyeluruh dan konsisten sebagai alat pengendali penyusunan materi pengajaran dan pelajaran bahasa kedua secara efisien. Dengan membandingkan perbedaan pada setiap tataran analisis bahasa, bahan ajar dapat disusun sesuai dengan tingkat kesulitan masing-masing tataran

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Contrastive analysis and its relevance to language teaching

Literator ◽

10.4102/lit.v4i2.967 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 63-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. C. Jansen van Rensburg

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Second Language ◽

Language Learners ◽

Second Language Learners ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

Language Teaching ◽

Research Projects ◽

Contrastive Analysis ◽

Teaching Situation ◽

Contrastive Linguistics

In the course of learning a second language, learners regularly produce utterances in speech and writing which judged by the rules of the second language are erroneous, or ill-formed. Traditionally the attitude to errors was that they were an indication of the difficulties that the learners had with certain aspects of the language, which could be explained by the persistence of the habits of the mother tongue and their transfer to the new language (Lado, 1957). Errors were the result of interference and in an ideal teaching situation could be avoided. From this notion has developed the whole industry of “contrastive linguistics”, with research projects and regular publications of results in a number of countries, including South Africa.

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Analisis Kontrastif Kalimat Pasif Bahasa Indonesia dengan Bahasa Inggris

Humaniora ◽

10.21512/humaniora.v3i1.3314 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 290

Author(s):

Djuria Suprato

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Language Acquisition ◽

Qualitative Methods ◽

First Language ◽

First Language Acquisition ◽

Past Participle ◽

Contrastive Analysis ◽

Reference Library ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Bahasa Indonesia

The difficulty of a teacher to teach a second language to students can be addressed by contrastive analysis, where it is assumed that learning a second language is influenced by the first language acquisition. The purpose of this article is to describe the level of a comparable degree of passive sentences in Indonesian and English to provide benefits as a reference in the teaching of English as a second language. This study was conducted with qualitative methods, the reference library of resources Indonesian and English. Passive Sentences in Indonesian views of the structure using the "di", "ter" or "ke", in English we use "to be + past participle" depends on the time it happened. Context of the sentence must be considered so that the meaning contained in them can be understood. Once analyzed and searched in the matching and comparison of passive sentences in Indonesian and English, the authors have found similarities and differences which can be structurally or pragmatically.

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ANALISIS KONTRASTIF KOTOWARI HYOUGEN ANTARA PEMBELAJAR BAHASA JEPANG DAN PENUTUR ASLI

Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra ◽

10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v12i2.3701 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Novia Hayati

Keyword(s):

Language Learners ◽

High Frequency ◽

Speech Act ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

Japanese Language ◽

Contrastive Analysis ◽

Completion Test ◽

Unpleasant Feeling ◽

Japanese Learners

Abstrak Analisis Kontrastif Kotowari Hyougen antara Pembelajar Bahasa Jepang dan Penutur Asli. Di antara beberapa aktifitas berbahasa, tindakan menolak sering dianggap sebagai tindakan yang cukup sulit karena memberikan perasaan tidak menyenangkan terhadap lawan tutur. Tindak tutur menolak tidak terlepas dari latar belakang tindak tutur berbahasa oleh pengguna bahasa tersebut. Pembelajar yang berbahasa ibu bahasa Sunda memiliki kemiripan dengan penutur asli dalam membuat tindak tutur penolakan dikarenakan adanya kedekatan aturan undak usuk bahasa sunda dengan tainguu hyougen dalam bahasa Jepang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ungkapan penolakan yang digunakan oleh pembelajar bahasa Jepang kemudian melalui perbandingan dengan penutur asli diketahui persamaan dan perbedaanya serta permasalahan dalam ungkapan penolakan oleh pembelajar. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Hasil analisis data menunjukan terdapat persamaan diantara pembelajar dan penutur asli dalam pengguna {wabi} terhadap dosen akrab (penggunanya lebih rendah). Sebagai permasalahan dalam ungkapan penolakan yakni pembelajar menggunakan {fuka} dalam bentuk futsuu no hiteikei, dan {koshou} dalam frekuensi yang cukup tinggi. Sebaliknya, penutur asli menggunakan fukanoukei, dikarenakan apabila menggunakan futsuu no hiteikei akan diterima sebagai arti penolakan yang kuat/keras.Kata kunci: Kotowari hyougen, DCT, Taiguu hyougen, penutur asli, konstraktif Abstract Contrastive Analysis of Kotowari Hyougen between Learners of Japanese Language and Japanese Native Speakers. Among several speaking activities, action of refusal is often considered a difficult act as it gives an unpleasant feeling againts interlocutors. Refusal speech act cannot be separated from the background of the speech act by the user of the language. Learners whose mother tongue is Sundanese language has similarities with Japanese native speakers in making the speech act of refusal due to the proximity of the undak usuk in Sundanese with tainguu hyougen in Japanese. This study aims to determine the expressions of refusal used by Japanese learners then, through comparison with native speakers, to determine the similarities, differences and problems in the expression of rejection by the learners. The instrument used in this study is Discourse Completion Test (DCT). Form the analysis of the data it was found that there were similarities between learners and native speakers that {riyuu/iiwake}, {wabi}, {fuka} were used as the main semantic formula. There are similarities between learners whose mother tongue is Sundanese and native speakers in using language {wabi} to professors considered familiar (lower usage). The problem of expressions of refusal used by learners {fuka} in the form Futsuu fuka no hiteikei and {koshou} was in a fairly high frequency. In contrast, native speakers use fukanoukei, because using Futsuu no hiteikei will be considered as a strong/hard sense of refusal.Keywords: Kotowari hyougen, DCT, Tainguu hyougen

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A Review of Negative Language Transfer Regarding the Errors in English Writing in Chinese Colleges

Journal of Language Teaching and Research ◽

10.17507/jltr.1003.24 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 603

Author(s):

Xiaoyu Yang

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Second Language Acquisition ◽

Language Learning ◽

Language Learners ◽

English Language ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

Language Transfer ◽

English Writing ◽

Chinese Learners ◽

Major Section

It is generally recognized that English as a Second Language is popular with language learners in China. As a major section of language learning, English writing often takes on an important role in English language learning for Chinese students. Many learners would be easily impeded by their mother tongue, Chinese and would therefore make some mistakes from time to time when it comes to writing in English. This is a pervasive phenomenon in the field of Second Language Acquisition research. Based on the relevant theories of Language Transfer, Negative Language Transfer, and Error Analysis, in terms of global research, especially in China, the current review focuses on the errors caused by the negative language transfer, and chiefly tries to probe into the suggestions to avoid such negative transfer influences in English writing among Chinese learners.

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Errors in Making Indirect Questions in the Interlanguage of Students at the Faculty of Food Technology

European Journal of Language and Literature ◽

10.26417/505yod79 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Antonija Šarić

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Language Learners ◽

Word Order ◽

English Language ◽

Second Language Learners ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

First Language ◽

Food Technology ◽

Subordinate Clauses ◽

Last Stage

In this paper, the author attempts to identify the most common errors that occur in the interlanguage of students at the Faculty of Food Technology when formulating indirect questions in English language. According to Processability theory (PT), language is acquired in a predictable way, in six stages, the last stage being acquiring word order in subordinate clauses, i.e. cancelling inversion. Since interlanguage presents a dynamic language system that retains some features of the first language or generalizes the second language rules in speech or writing, the origin of errors can be found in mother tongue or in the misapplication of the rules when adopting a second language. Although PT is not concerned with the errors made by the second language learners, this paper will try to identify the origin of errors that appear in the students' interlanguage and the acquisition of the last stage, i.e. the word order in subordinate clauses. In that way, it will be determined whether the errors (inter- or intralingual) made by the students prevent them from acquiring the last stage of PT.

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The Attributives Comparison between Chinese and Indonesian

ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities ◽

10.34050/els-jish.v2i2.6636 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 216-224

Author(s):

Arini Junaeny

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Language Learners ◽

Noun Phrase ◽

Learning Process ◽

Word Order ◽

Second Language Learners ◽

Chinese Language ◽

Important Research ◽

Similarities And Differences

The word order comparative analysis is important research in linguistics studies. It is assisting the second language learners or teachers in learning process. The research mainly shows the word order in noun phrase. Noun phrase consists of head and attributives, the head is noun and the attributives consist of any type of the word or group of words. The attributives order and the head as a core in noun phrase, it can show similarities and differences structures between Chinese Language and Indonesian Language. This article shows relation between head and attributives order in noun phrase. The order of Chinese Language attributives is placed before the head. The order of Indonesian language attributives (except: number-classifier, negation, restriction word) is placed after the head.

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Interferensi Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia dalam Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Mandarin pada Karangan Naratif Mahasiswa Sastra Cina Universitas Sumatera Utara (Usu)

Metahumaniora ◽

10.24198/metahumaniora.v7i3.18851 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 343

Author(s):

Fiqhi Nahdhia Mahmud

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

Subject Position ◽

Sentence Structure ◽

Mandarin Language ◽

Simple Sentences ◽

Department Faculty ◽

Academic Year ◽

Bahasa Indonesia ◽

Year 2013

ABSTRAKInterferensi dikenal sebagai suatu penyebab dalam kesulitan belajar dankesalahan dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa kedua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmendeskripsikan interferensi struktur kalimat bahasa Mandarin yang ditulis olehmahasiswa semester VI stambuk 2013 Program Studi Sastra Cina, Fakultas IlmuBudaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah karangannarasi bertemakan berlibur 放假 (fàngjià) oleh mahasiswa semester VI stambuk2013 Program Studi Sastra Cina, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara(USU) yang berbahasa ibu bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitianini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pada tahap analisis data penelitian inimenggunakan metode agih Sudaryanto. Adapun teori digunakan dalam menganalisinterferensi struktur kalimat pada penelitian ini adalah hipotesis analisis kontrastif.Hipotesis analisis kontrastif merupakan penjabaran dari perbedaan antara dua bahasayang menjadi dasar penyebab kesulitan belajar bahasa dan kesalahan berbahasa yangdihadapi oleh siswa. Perbedaan yang terjadi teridentifikasi dari perbandingan strukturantara dua bahasa, bahasa pertama dan kedua yang akan dipelajari siswa. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Interferensi terjadi pada penempatan posisi fungsisintaksis pada kalimat bahasa Mandarin yang mengikuti struktur kalimat tunggaldan kalimat majemuk bahasa Indonesia, berupa interferensi pada fungsi sintaksisketerangan (K), tataran posisi predikat (P) dan subjek (S) yang mengikuti struktur polakalimat bahasa Indonesia serta pada struktur pola atau penempatan klausa dan katapenghubung.Kata kunci: Interferensi; Bahasa Indonesia-Mandarin; Struktur KalimatABSTRACKInterference is known as the cause of difficulties and mistakes in the process oflearning a second language. This result of this research is to describe the interference ofChinese sentence structure written by students of sixth semester, the academic year 2013,Chinese Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The datais taken from narrative writing about holiday 放假 (fàngjià) by the students of Chinesedepartment, sixth semester, the academic year 2013, Faculty of Cultural Sciences,Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) whose mother tongue is Indonesian. The method usedin this research is descriptive qualitative method. For analysing data, this research usesSudaryanto’s Agih method and it also uses hypothetical contrastive analysis. This analysisis a description of differences between two languages which become the basic cause ofInterferensi Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia dalam Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Mandarin ...METAHUMANIORA, Vol. 7, Nomor 3 Desember 2017: 354—367 | 355learning difficulties and mistakes dealt by the students. The differences occurred areidentified by comparing the sentence structures of the two languages, the first languageand the second language the students learn. The result of this research shows that theinterference occurs in the placing of syntactical function of Chinese sentences whichinterfered by the structures of Indonesian simple sentences as well as complex sentencessuch as interference in the adverb function, predicate position, and subject position, alsoin the clause position and the use of conjunction.Keywords: Interference; Indonesian-Mandarin Language; Sentence Structure

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Interferensi Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia dalam Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Mandarin pada Karangan Naratif Mahasiswa Sastra Cina Universitas Sumatera Utara (Usu)

Metahumaniora ◽

10.24198/mh.v7i3.18851 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 343

Author(s):

Fiqhi Nahdhia Mahmud

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Mother Tongue ◽

Subject Position ◽

Sentence Structure ◽

Mandarin Language ◽

Simple Sentences ◽

Department Faculty ◽

Academic Year ◽

Bahasa Indonesia ◽

Year 2013

ABSTRAKInterferensi dikenal sebagai suatu penyebab dalam kesulitan belajar dankesalahan dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa kedua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmendeskripsikan interferensi struktur kalimat bahasa Mandarin yang ditulis olehmahasiswa semester VI stambuk 2013 Program Studi Sastra Cina, Fakultas IlmuBudaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah karangannarasi bertemakan berlibur 放假 (fàngjià) oleh mahasiswa semester VI stambuk2013 Program Studi Sastra Cina, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Sumatera Utara(USU) yang berbahasa ibu bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitianini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pada tahap analisis data penelitian inimenggunakan metode agih Sudaryanto. Adapun teori digunakan dalam menganalisinterferensi struktur kalimat pada penelitian ini adalah hipotesis analisis kontrastif.Hipotesis analisis kontrastif merupakan penjabaran dari perbedaan antara dua bahasayang menjadi dasar penyebab kesulitan belajar bahasa dan kesalahan berbahasa yangdihadapi oleh siswa. Perbedaan yang terjadi teridentifikasi dari perbandingan strukturantara dua bahasa, bahasa pertama dan kedua yang akan dipelajari siswa. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Interferensi terjadi pada penempatan posisi fungsisintaksis pada kalimat bahasa Mandarin yang mengikuti struktur kalimat tunggaldan kalimat majemuk bahasa Indonesia, berupa interferensi pada fungsi sintaksisketerangan (K), tataran posisi predikat (P) dan subjek (S) yang mengikuti struktur polakalimat bahasa Indonesia serta pada struktur pola atau penempatan klausa dan katapenghubung.Kata kunci: Interferensi; Bahasa Indonesia-Mandarin; Struktur KalimatABSTRACKInterference is known as the cause of difficulties and mistakes in the process oflearning a second language. This result of this research is to describe the interference ofChinese sentence structure written by students of sixth semester, the academic year 2013,Chinese Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The datais taken from narrative writing about holiday 放假 (fàngjià) by the students of Chinesedepartment, sixth semester, the academic year 2013, Faculty of Cultural Sciences,Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) whose mother tongue is Indonesian. The method usedin this research is descriptive qualitative method. For analysing data, this research usesSudaryanto’s Agih method and it also uses hypothetical contrastive analysis. This analysisis a description of differences between two languages which become the basic cause ofInterferensi Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Indonesia dalam Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Mandarin ...METAHUMANIORA, Vol. 7, Nomor 3 Desember 2017: 354—367 | 355learning difficulties and mistakes dealt by the students. The differences occurred areidentified by comparing the sentence structures of the two languages, the first languageand the second language the students learn. The result of this research shows that theinterference occurs in the placing of syntactical function of Chinese sentences whichinterfered by the structures of Indonesian simple sentences as well as complex sentencessuch as interference in the adverb function, predicate position, and subject position, alsoin the clause position and the use of conjunction.Keywords: Interference; Indonesian-Mandarin Language; Sentence Structure

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